From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
1677
(
MDCLXXVII
) was a
common year starting on Friday
of the
Gregorian calendar
and a
common year starting on Monday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1677th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 677th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 77th year of the
17th century
, and the 8th year of the
1670s
decade. As of the start of 1677, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
[
edit
]
January–March
[
edit
]
- January 1
–
Jean Racine
's
tragedy
Phedre
is first performed, in Paris.
- January 21
– The first medical publication in America (a pamphlet on smallpox) is produced in
Boston
.
- February 15
– Four members of the English
House of Lords
embarrass King Charles II at the opening of the latest session of the "
Cavalier Parliament
" by proclaiming that the session is not legitimate because it had not met in more than a year. The
Duke of Buckingham
, backed by
Lord Shaftesbury
,
Lord Salisbury
and
Baron Wharton
, makes an unsuccessful motion to end the session. When the four Lords refuse to apologize, they are arrested and imprisoned in the
Tower of London
.
- February 26
- The first arrests are made in the case that will develop into the "
Affair of the Poisons
" in France, as
Magdelaine de La Grange
and her accused accomplice, Father Nail, are detained on suspicion of poisoning her lover, a Messr. Faurie.
[1]
While in prison in the Bastille and awaiting trial Mademoiselle La Grange writes letters accusing other persons of carrying out murders by poison as well.
- On the Indonesian island of
Java
,
Amangkurat II
of the
Mataram Sultanate
agrees to bring his kingdom under the protection of the
Dutch East India Company
to drive out rebels.
- February 28
– During the
Franco-Dutch War
, the
Siege of Valenciennes
by the French Army begins in the
Spanish Netherlands
(modern-day Belgium). The city surrenders on March 17.
- March 17
–
Franco-Dutch War
:
Siege of Valenciennes (1676?77)
in the
Spanish Netherlands
ends with surrender of the town to the French.
April–June
[
edit
]
July–September
[
edit
]
- July 14
–
Battle of Landskrona
:
Sweden
and its 13,000 troops, under the command of
King Charles XI
, successfully repel a 12,000-man invasion force from
Denmark
, commanded by
King Christian V
.
- August 14
–
William of Orange
, the leader of the
Dutch Republic
, is forced to end the siege of the Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) city of
Charleroi
after six days.
[2]
- August 28
– During
war between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire
, Russian troops led by
Grigory Romodanovsky
and Ukrainian Cossacks led by
Ivan Samoylovych
arrive at the besieged Ukrainian city of
Chigirin
(modern-day Chyhyryn) and inflict heavy casualties on the encamped Turkish and Tatar troops.
[3]
Ibrahim Pasha, leader of the 45,000 member Ottoman force, retreats the next day and, by the time of the relief of Chigirin on September 5, the Ottoman Army has lost 20,000 men. Ottoman Sultan
Mehmed IV
, outraged by the defeat, sends 200,000 troops the following year and destroys the city.
- August
– The French guild of the
Maitresses bouquetieres
is founded in Paris.
- September 10
–
Henry Purcell
is appointed a musician to the court of
Charles II of England
.
- September 17
– Troops from
Denmark
invade and capture the Swedish island of
Rugen
and drive out the local population. Five months later, on January 18, 1678, Sweden recaptures the island. Nine months later, troops from Denmark and Brandenburg invade for a third time and capture the island again on October 22, 1678. Eight months later, Denmark is given the island back under a
treaty ending the Swedish-Brandenburg War
on June 29, but by then, the island of Rugen is in ruins. In modern times, the island becomes a vacation resort in Germany.
- September 18
– the
Kangxi Emperor
of China grants titles and ranks to all of his wives, and names
Empress Xiaozhaoren
as his consort.
October–December
[
edit
]
- October 29
–
Michel le Tellier
becomes Chancellor of France.
- November 4
– The future
Mary II of England
marries
William of Orange
in London.
- November 16
–
French
troops occupy
Freiburg
.
- December 7
– Father
Louis Hennepin
of Belgium, exploring North America, becomes the earliest known European person to discover
Niagara Falls
, and the first to report its existence. In his book
A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America
, published in 1698, Hennepin writes "Betwixt the lakes Ontario and Eire there is a vast prodigious Cadence of water which falls down after a surprising and astonishing manner, inasmuch that the Universe does not afford its parallel."
[4]
- December 9
– The French Navy, led by
Charles de Courbon de Blenac
with a land force of 950 men, lands at the Caribbean island of
Tobago
, lays siege to the Dutch fort defending the territory during the
Franco-Dutch War
, and destroys the structure when it fires a cannon overlooking the fort, striking the gunpowder arsenal. The explosion kills 250 of the defenders, including Dutch Admiral
Jacob Binckes
and 16 officers. Combined with the sinking of four ships of the Netherlands Navy, the victory at Tobago ends Dutch military power in the Antilles.
- December 15
– The Siege of Stettin (the modern-day Polish city of
Szczecin
but, at this time, a possession of Sweden) ends after almost five months with Sweden's surrender of the city to Prussia's
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
. The siege, part of the
Scanian War
, had begun on June 25.
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
Deaths
[
edit
]
- January 8
–
Sir John Fowell, 2nd Baronet
, English politician (b.
1623
)
- January 18
–
Jan van Riebeeck
, Dutch founder of Cape Town (b.
1619
)
- January 31
–
Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
(b.
1617
)
- February 9
–
George Horner
, English politician (b.
1605
)
- February 21
–
Baruch Spinoza
, Dutch philosopher (b.
1632
)
[7]
- March 18
–
Marie Luise von Degenfeld
, morganatic second wife of
Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
of Germany (b.
1634
)
- March 28
–
Vaclav Hollar
, Czech-born actor (b.
1607
)
- April 22
–
Vaclav Eusebius Franti?ek, Prince of Lobkowicz
, Austrian field marshal and prince (b.
1609
)
- May 4
–
Isaac Barrow
, English mathematician (b.
1630
)
- May 20
–
George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol
, English statesman (b.
1612
)
- May 22
–
William, Margrave of Baden-Baden
(b.
1593
)
- May 23
–
John, Count of Nassau-Idstein
(1629?1677) (b.
1603
)
- May 24
–
Anders Bording
, Danish writer (b.
1619
)
- June 11
–
Jacques Esprit
, French writer (b.
1611
)
- June 23
–
Wilhelm Ludwig, Duke of Wurttemberg
(b.
1647
)
- June 18
–
Johann Franck
, German poet and hymnist (b.
1618
)
- June 26
–
Francesco Buonamici
, Italian architect, painter and engraver (b.
1596
)
[8]
- July 11
–
Timothy Turner
, English judge, actor (b.
1585
)
- July 27
–
Johannes Loccenius
, German historian (b.
1598
)
- July 30
–
Fabian von Fersen
, Swedish soldier (b.
1626
)
- August
- August 1
–
George Christian, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
(1669?1671) (b.
1626
)
- August 20
–
Pierre Petit
, French astronomer, military engineer, and physicist (b.
1594
)
- August 28
–
Wallerant Vaillant
, painter of the Dutch Golden Age (b.
1623
)
- September 11
–
James Harrington
, English political philosopher (b.
1611
)
- September 12
- October 9
–
Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrucken
and general sergeant of the Holy Roman Empire at the Rhine (b.
1632
)
- October 14
–
Jozef Bartłomiej Zimorowic
, Polish poet (b.
1597
)
- November 2
–
Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester
, English politician (b.
1595
)
- November 9
–
Aernout van der Neer
, Dutch painter (b.
1603
)
- November 11
- November 14
–
Matthias Abele
, Austrian jurist, mine official (b.
1618
)
- December 13
–
Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk
, English noble (b.
1627
)
- December 14
–
Christian Albert, Burgrave and Count of Dohna
, German nobleman and general in the army of Brandenburg (b.
1621
)
- December 26
–
Bernhard Gustav of Baden-Durlach
, Swedish general, Prince-Abbot and cardinal (b.
1631
)
- date unknown
–
Gilbert Sheldon
,
Archbishop of Canterbury
(b.
1598
)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"The Women of the Bastille", anonymous excerpt from
Memoires Historiques et Authentiques sur la Bastille
(1789), in
New Monthly Magazine
(April 1864) p. 435
- ^
Olaf van Nimwegen,
The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688
(Boydell Press, 2010) p. 504
- ^
Ian Grey,
The Romanovs
(New Word City, 1970)
- ^
"Hennepin at Niagara", by Eleanor Clapp Waltz, in
Beeson's Marine Directory of the Northwestern Lakes
(H. C. Beeson, 1910) pp. 169-170
- ^
Kreyszig, Erwin (June 1991).
Differential Geometry
. Courier Corporation.
ISBN
978-0-486-66721-8
.
- ^
Grun, Bernard (1991).
The Timetables of History: A Horizontal Linkage of People and Events
. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 308?309.
OL
1756160M
.
Ice cream becomes popular as dessert in Paris.
- ^
Wiep van Bunge; Henri Krop; Piet Steenbakkers (July 31, 2014).
The Bloomsbury Companion to Spinoza
. A&C Black. p. 36.
ISBN
978-1-4725-2760-8
.
- ^
Oechslin, Werner (1972).
"BUONAMICI, Francesco"
.
Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
(in Italian). Vol. 15. Archived from
the original
on January 23, 2020.