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( ???????? : Николай Иванович Лобачевский )?
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??????? ??????????? ( ???????? : Николай Иванович Лобачевский) ? ( 1 ?????? 1792 ?? ????? ???????? ? 24 ?????? 1856 ?? ????? ) ???????? ????? . ^[1]^[2]^[3] ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? .

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??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??? 1792. ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? . ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ??? 1807 ????? ??? ????? ????? (??????? ?? ??????? ) ?????? ????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.

?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? .

???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 1822 . ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???????. ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????.

?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? .

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?? 1826 ? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? 19 ???. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????: ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? . ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????.

?? 1837 ? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ≪??????? ????????≫ ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? . ????? ????? ?????? . ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????????.

????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??? 1829 ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????.

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???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1856 ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????.

???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? .

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^ "The History of Science". Soviet Science . Taylor & Francis. ?. 329. Though Lobachevsky appears to have invented non-Euclidean geometry without the help of the Almighty, he built a church on the instructions of the University council. It is said that he was an atheist. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? |????? ?????? ????? ?? |????= ( ?????? )
^ "New foundations of geometry with a complete theory of parallels" . ????? ??? library digital collections . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-08-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-08-23 .
^ Nikolai I. Lobachevsky. Pangeometry , European Mathematical Society. 2010, pp. 206?7. ???? ?????? 9 ????? 2019 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??????? ???????????

[1] "The History of Science". Soviet Science . Taylor & Francis. ?. 329. Though Lobachevsky appears to have invented non-Euclidean geometry without the help of the Almighty, he built a church on the instructions of the University council. It is said that he was an atheist. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? |????? ?????? ????? ?? |????= ( ?????? )

[2] "New foundations of geometry with a complete theory of parallels" . ????? ??? library digital collections . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-08-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-08-23 .

[3] Nikolai I. Lobachevsky. Pangeometry , European Mathematical Society. 2010, pp. 206?7. ???? ?????? 9 ????? 2019 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[1]

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