????? ?????

????? ?????
( ??????????? : Stephen Spender )?
??????? ?????
??? ???????	( ??????????? : Stephen Harold Spender )?
???????	28 ?????? 1909 ; ?????????
??????	16 ????? 1995 (86 ???) ; ????
??????	??????? ??????? ; ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? (?12 ????? 1927)
??? ??	?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ‏? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ‏? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????
??????? ????	???? ??????? ???????? ; ????? ?????? ‏ ; ????? ??????? ‏
??????	???? ? ????? ? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ???? ? ??????
??????	??????????
???? ??	???? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????
?????? ????????
?????	??????? ???????
??????? ???????	????? ??????? ?????????
???????
	???? ??? (1983) ; ????? ?????? ‏ (1977) ; ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ‏ (1971) ; ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? (1962) ; ????? ??????? ??????? ?????
???????
IMDB	????? ??? IMDB
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ????? ( ??????????? : Stephen Spender )? ( 1909 - 1995 )? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ??? 28 ?????? 1909 ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ^{(
??????????? Auden Group
)} ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??? ? ????????? ??????? .

???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ≪?????≫ ???? ????? ???????? ??????? . ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ≪?????????≫ ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????. ^[8]

???? ?? ???? ??? 16 ????? 1995 ?? ??? ???? 86 ????.

?? ??????? [ ??? ]

≪????? ??????≫
≪?????? ?????≫
??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? . ^[9]^[10] ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? (????????)? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ≪???? ???????≫. ^[11] ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? (??? ??? ??? ??? 1973 ???? ?????? ??????). ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ???. ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? . ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 1929 ????? ??? ??????? . ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? . ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????.

???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????: ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???-???? . ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ??????? ? ???? ???? ? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ???. ??. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ???? .

????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? 1929? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? 1988? ??? ????? ?? ????? . ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? -?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? - ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1988:

?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????... ??? ??? 1929 ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????- ??????? ?????? . ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????... ^[12]

??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?. ?. ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?. ?. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? & ????? 1933. ^[13]

?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? (1933)? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????. ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ????? (1934)? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? 1934 ??????????? ?????????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ? ????? ^[14] (1938)? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? .

?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? (???????) ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????: ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??. ?. ?????. ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ^[15]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??? ???? IMDb (??????????)
????? ????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
????? ????? ??? ???? Munzinger IBA (?????????)
????? ????? ??? ???? MusicBrainz (??????????)
????? ????? ??? ???? Internet Broadway Database (??????????)
????? ????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? Encyclopædia Britannica | Sir Stephen Spender (???????????), QID : Q5375741
^ ^? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Stephen Harold Spender (??????????), QID : Q237227
^ ^? ^? Gran Enciclopedia Catalana | Stephen Spender (???????????), Grup Enciclopedia, QID : Q2664168
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? Archivio Storico Ricordi ? QID : Q3621644
^ ^? ^? ^? ????? ?????? ??????? ? QID : Q10855166
^ https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/judges/stephen-spender . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Who's who (??????????? ?????????? ???????????), Q3304275, ISSN : 0083-937X , QID : Q2567271
^ ???? ????? - ????? 226 - ????? 1995 ???? ?????? 24 ????? 2019 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ John Sutherland (6 ????? 2005). Stephen Spender: A Literary Life . Oxford University Press, USA. ?. 16 . ISBN : 978-0-19-517816-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-11.
^ David Leeming (1 ????? 2011). Stephen Spender: A Life in Modernism . Henry Holt and Company. ?. 19. ISBN : 978-1-4299-3974-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-11.
^ John Sutherland (6 ????? 2005). Stephen Spender: A Literary Life . Oxford University Press, USA. ?. 44 . ISBN : 978-0-19-517816-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-11.
^ Bozorth? Richard R. (1995). "But Who Would Get It? Auden and the Codes of Poetry and Desire" . ELH . ?. 62 ?. 3: 709?727. DOI : 10.1353/elh.1995.0023 .
^ Walsh, Review by John (5 May 2019). "Faber & Faber by Toby Faber review ? the inside story of Britain's most illustrious publishing house" (???????????). ISSN : 0140-0460 . Archived from the original on 2019-12-18 . Retrieved 2019-08-04 .
^ "Trial of a Judge: A Tragedy in Five Acts" . questia.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2010-04-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-04-08 .
^ Beach, Sylvia (1991). Shakespeare and Company (???????????). U of Nebraska Press. p. 211. ISBN : 9780803260979 . Archived from the original on 2020-05-11.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ?????

[wikidata-edb8e6acd79bd91b55ede65476030c4650301057-1] ? ^? Encyclopædia Britannica | Sir Stephen Spender (???????????), QID : Q5375741

[wikidata-7c63db94ea27f3ceccc2d647d7e6be16fef2bfc8-2] ? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Stephen Harold Spender (??????????), QID : Q237227

[wikidata-4c5d16190940ecaf91b6ac571f0a43b8d02ae9f4-3] ? ^? Gran Enciclopedia Catalana | Stephen Spender (???????????), Grup Enciclopedia, QID : Q2664168

[wikidata-1c54aa39914d7419a2efffd1a6ce0a19d740d030-4] ? ^? ^? ^? Archivio Storico Ricordi ? QID : Q3621644

[wikidata-774ec4f09146481a792dce9d21e5f314e0313d3b-5] ? ^? ^? ????? ?????? ??????? ? QID : Q10855166

[wikidata-5fbeff6579035f3f38d4bb1d71107924a3b47fae-6] ttps://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/judges/stephen-spender . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-b1fda9e69d3a19d8300b531cf4d5c984dde12a4e-7] Who's who (??????????? ?????????? ???????????), Q3304275, ISSN : 0083-937X , QID : Q2567271

[8] ???? ????? - ????? 226 - ????? 1995 ???? ?????? 24 ????? 2019 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[Sutherland2005a-9] John Sutherland (6 ????? 2005). Stephen Spender: A Literary Life . Oxford University Press, USA. ?. 16 . ISBN : 978-0-19-517816-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-11.

[Leeming2011-10] David Leeming (1 ????? 2011). Stephen Spender: A Life in Modernism . Henry Holt and Company. ?. 19. ISBN : 978-1-4299-3974-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-11.

[Sutherland2005b-11] John Sutherland (6 ????? 2005). Stephen Spender: A Literary Life . Oxford University Press, USA. ?. 44 . ISBN : 978-0-19-517816-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-11.

[12] Bozorth? Richard R. (1995). "But Who Would Get It? Auden and the Codes of Poetry and Desire" . ELH . ?. 62 ?. 3: 709?727. DOI : 10.1353/elh.1995.0023 .

[13] Walsh, Review by John (5 May 2019). "Faber & Faber by Toby Faber review ? the inside story of Britain's most illustrious publishing house" (???????????). ISSN : 0140-0460 . Archived from the original on 2019-12-18 . Retrieved 2019-08-04 .

[questia.com-14] "Trial of a Judge: A Tragedy in Five Acts" . questia.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2010-04-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-04-08 .

[15] Beach, Sylvia (1991). Shakespeare and Company (???????????). U of Nebraska Press. p. 211. ISBN : 9780803260979 . Archived from the original on 2020-05-11.

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