?????? ??????? 1848

Hungarian Revolution of 1848
??? ?? the ?????? ????????
	Artist Mihaly Zichy 's painting of ?????? ?????? reciting the National Poem ‏ to a crowd on 15 March 1848
??????? ????
???????	15 March 1848 ? 4 October 1849 ; (1 year, 6 months, and 19 days)
?????	?????
??????	????? ????? ? ???????????? ?????????
???????	Austro-Russian victory; revolution suppressed ????? placed under martial law Thirteen rebel generals are executed at Arad ‏ ; ; ????? was placed under military dictatorship ; Kossuth and many of his allies go into exile in the United States ; Austrian Empire introduces policy of ????? ;
??????????
Austrian Empire ????? ??????? (????????) ; Serbian Vojvodina ; ??? ; pro-Habsburg Hungarians ; Slovak National Council ‏ ; ???????? ; Supreme Ruthenian Council ; ???? ; ???? and ???????? volunteers ; ????? ???????????? ; ???????????? ???????	????? ????? Legions of the revolutionaries from ????? states ; ???????? legions ; ????? legions ; ????? legion ; Hungarian Germans ; Hungarian Slovenes ; Pro-Hungarian Slovaks ; Pro-Hungarian Romanians ; ???????? ; Zipser Saxons ‏ ; Croats from Western Hungary ‏ and ?????? ????????? ; ?okac and Bunjevac people ‏ ; Banat Bulgarians ; ????? ?????? ?? ????? ; ????:?????? ??? Hungarian State (1849) ; (April?August 1849)
??????
?????? ???? ????? ; (after 2 December 1848) ; ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ; (before 2 December 1848) ; Alfred I of Windisch-Gratz ‏ ; Ludwig von Welden ; Julius Jacob von Haynau ; ???? ???????? ; Stevan Kni?anin ; ?udovit ?tur ; Avram Iancu ; Hryhory Yakhymovych ; ??????? ????? ; Ivan Paskevich ;	????? ????? ; ????? ??????? ‏ (?.?) ; ???? ????? (?.?) ; Gyorgy Klapka ; Janos Damjanich ; Lajos Aulich ; Henryk Dembi?ski ; ???? ?? ; Jozef Wysocki ‏ ; Peter Giron ; Alessandro Monti ;
?????
170,000 men from the Austrian Empire, ; and 200,000 men from the Russian Empire	Beginning of 1849: 170,000 men
	????? ????? - ?????

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1848 (??????????: 1848?49-es forradalom es szabadsagharc? 1848?49 Revolution and War) ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? 1848 ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? 1848 ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ≪????≫ ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? (???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????)? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? 1849? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????. ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? 200,000 ???? ?? 80,000 ?? ?????? ????????. ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? . ^[3]

?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? 15 ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? . ^[4]

????? ??? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? 1804. ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? . ^[5]^[6]

???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? (??? ??? 1848) ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? (???????????) -?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????- ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????. ^[7]

????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? (??? ????? ????????)? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ≪?????≫. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 1222? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

????? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1526 ??? 1851? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? .

???? ???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? 1790? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? 1792. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? 1795. ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? 42 ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]

??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????????: ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? 15 ???? 1848. ^[17]

??? ????????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? 1811. ^[18]

?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 1811 ????? ?? ????????. ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????. ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ^[19]

?? ??? 1825 ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ??? -??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????- ?? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????.

????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????.

??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ≪???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????≫. ?? ??? 1823? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? 1823? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????.

??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????.

??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? 1832? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????????. ^[19]

??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? (???????? ???? ???????). ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? (1835-1848)? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????.

???? ???? ???????? ???? 1839 ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????.

?? ??? 1000 ??? 1844? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????????.

?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? 1839 ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? 1841? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????. ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? 1843? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??????????? (??? ????????) ???????? ?????. ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????. ^[19]

?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? (1841-1848) [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? 1843 ???? 1847 ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????.

?? ???? ??? 1841 ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????.

??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. ?? ??? 1885? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ^[20]

??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ^[21]

????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????. ^[22]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Dr Zachary C Shirkey: Joining the Fray: Outside Military Intervention in Civil Wars Military Strategy and Operational Art -PAGE: 1944- ( ???? 1409470911 ), 9781409470915 [1] ???? ?????? 2014-12-27 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle ..., by Spencer C. Tucker, 2009 p. 1188
^ The Making of the West: Volume C, Lynn Hunt, Pages 683?684
^ Eric Roman: Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present -PAGE: 67, Publisher: Infobase Publishing, 2003 ( ???? 9780816074693 )
^ In 1804 Emperor Franz assumed the title of Emperor of Austria for all the Erblande of the dynasty and for the other Lands, including Hungary. Thus Hungary formally became part of the Empire of Austria. The Court reassured the diet, however, that the assumption of the monarch’s new title did not in any sense affect the laws and the constitution of Hungary Laszlo? Peter (2011)? Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions ? Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands? ?. 6
^ Robert Young (1995). Secession of Quebec and the Future of Canada . McGill-Queen's Press . ?. 138. ISBN : 9780773565470 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-27. {{ ??????? ????? }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( ?????? )
^ Eva H. Balazs: Hungary and the Habsburgs, 1765?1800: An Experiment in Enlightened Absolutism. p. 320.
^ Andras A. Gergely? Gabor Mathe (2000). The Hungarian state: thousand years in Europe : [1000-2000] . Korona. ?. 66. ISBN : 9789639191792 .
^ Nemes? Paul (10 ????? 2000). "Central Europe Review ? Hungary: The Holy Crown" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-26 .
^ An account of this service, written by Count Miklos Banffy, a witness, may be read at The Last Habsburg Coronation: Budapest, 1916 . From Theodore's Royalty and Monarchy Website . ???? ?????? 11 ????? 2009 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Yonge? Charlotte (1867). "The Crown of St. Stephen" . A Book of Golden Deeds Of all Times and all Lands . London, Glasgow and Bombay: Blackie and Son . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-08-21 .
^ Charles W. Ingrao : The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618?1815, Volume 21 of New Approaches to European History, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 2000 ( ???? 9781107268692 )
^ Jean Berenger, C.A. Simpson: The Habsburg Empire 1700-1918 , Publisher: Routledge, 2014, ( ???? 9781317895725 )
^ Tomasz Kamusella: The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, ( ???? 9780230550704 )
^ Paschalis M. Kitromilides: Enlightenment and Revolution, Publisher: Harvard University Press, 2013, ( ???? 9780674726413 )
^ Peter McPhee: A Companion to the French Revolution -PAGE: 391 , Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, 2014, ( ???? 9781118977521 )
^ Odon Beothy and Tibor Vagvolgyi: A Magyar Jakobinusok Koztarsasagi Mozgalma, -PAGE: 103 Budapest 1968, English: The Hungarian jacobin republican movement.
^ Lendvai? Paul (2002)? The Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat ? C Hurst & Co? ?. 194? ISBN : 978-1-85065-682-1
^ ^? ^? ^? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? : Bain, Robert Nisbet; Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). " Hungary ". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (???????????) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Vol. 13. pp. 915?918.
^ Mihaly Lacko: Szechenyi es Kossuth vitaja , Gondolat, 1977.
^ See: Lacko p. 47
^ Grof Szechenyi Istvan iroi es hirlapi vitaja Kossuth Lajossal [Count Stephen Szechenyi,s Literary and Publicistic Debate with Louis Kossuth], ed. Gyula Viszota, 2 vols. (Budapest: Magyar Tortenelmi Tarsulat, 1927?1930).

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ??????? 1848

[1] Dr Zachary C Shirkey: Joining the Fray: Outside Military Intervention in Civil Wars Military Strategy and Operational Art -PAGE: 1944- ( ???? 1409470911 ), 9781409470915 [1] ???? ?????? 2014-12-27 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[2] A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle ..., by Spencer C. Tucker, 2009 p. 1188

[3] The Making of the West: Volume C, Lynn Hunt, Pages 683?684

[4] Eric Roman: Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present -PAGE: 67, Publisher: Infobase Publishing, 2003 ( ???? 9780816074693 )

[5] In 1804 Emperor Franz assumed the title of Emperor of Austria for all the Erblande of the dynasty and for the other Lands, including Hungary. Thus Hungary formally became part of the Empire of Austria. The Court reassured the diet, however, that the assumption of the monarch’s new title did not in any sense affect the laws and the constitution of Hungary Laszlo? Peter (2011)? Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions ? Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands? ?. 6

[6] Robert Young (1995). Secession of Quebec and the Future of Canada . McGill-Queen's Press . ?. 138. ISBN : 9780773565470 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-27. {{ ??????? ????? }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( ?????? )

[7] Eva H. Balazs: Hungary and the Habsburgs, 1765?1800: An Experiment in Enlightened Absolutism. p. 320.

[8] Andras A. Gergely? Gabor Mathe (2000). The Hungarian state: thousand years in Europe : [1000-2000] . Korona. ?. 66. ISBN : 9789639191792 .

[review1-9] Nemes? Paul (10 ????? 2000). "Central Europe Review ? Hungary: The Holy Crown" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-26 .

[10] An account of this service, written by Count Miklos Banffy, a witness, may be read at The Last Habsburg Coronation: Budapest, 1916 . From Theodore's Royalty and Monarchy Website . ???? ?????? 11 ????? 2009 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[11] Yonge? Charlotte (1867). "The Crown of St. Stephen" . A Book of Golden Deeds Of all Times and all Lands . London, Glasgow and Bombay: Blackie and Son . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-08-21 .

[12] Charles W. Ingrao : The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618?1815, Volume 21 of New Approaches to European History, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 2000 ( ???? 9781107268692 )

[13] Jean Berenger, C.A. Simpson: The Habsburg Empire 1700-1918 , Publisher: Routledge, 2014, ( ???? 9781317895725 )

[14] Tomasz Kamusella: The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, ( ???? 9780230550704 )

[15] Paschalis M. Kitromilides: Enlightenment and Revolution, Publisher: Harvard University Press, 2013, ( ???? 9780674726413 )

[16] Peter McPhee: A Companion to the French Revolution -PAGE: 391 , Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, 2014, ( ???? 9781118977521 )

[17] Odon Beothy and Tibor Vagvolgyi: A Magyar Jakobinusok Koztarsasagi Mozgalma, -PAGE: 103 Budapest 1968, English: The Hungarian jacobin republican movement.

[18] Lendvai? Paul (2002)? The Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat ? C Hurst & Co? ?. 194? ISBN : 978-1-85065-682-1

[EB1911-19] ? ^? ^? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? : Bain, Robert Nisbet; Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). " Hungary ". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (???????????) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Vol. 13. pp. 915?918.

[20] Mihaly Lacko: Szechenyi es Kossuth vitaja , Gondolat, 1977.

[21] See: Lacko p. 47

[22] Grof Szechenyi Istvan iroi es hirlapi vitaja Kossuth Lajossal [Count Stephen Szechenyi,s Literary and Publicistic Debate with Louis Kossuth], ed. Gyula Viszota, 2 vols. (Budapest: Magyar Tortenelmi Tarsulat, 1927?1930).

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