?????? ?????? ??? ???????

?????? ?????? ??? ???????
( ??????????? : Edward II )?
??????? ?????
???????	25 ????? 1284 ; ???? ?????????
??????	21 ?????? 1327 (43 ???)
??????	????? ??????? ; ????
???????	??????
??????	???????? ?? ?????
???????	?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ; ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ‏ ; ??????? ?? ??????? ‏ ; ???? ????? ‏ ; ??? ??????? ‏
????	?????? ????? ??? ???????
????	??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????
???? ??????	???????? ?? ?????? ‏? ????? ?? ??????? ‏? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ‏? ????? ?? ??????? ‏? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ‏? ????????? ???? ?????? ‏? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ‏? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ‏
?????	??????????
?????
??? ???????
	?? ?????? ; 7 ????? 1307 ? 25 ????? 1327
	?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????
?????? ???????
??????	????????? ? ?????
??????	??????????
	????? ????? - ?????

?????? ?????? (Edward II) (??? 1284-1327 ?) ?? ??? ??????? (1307-1327 ?)? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? . ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? (????? ??? ?????).

???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ??? 1314 ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? (Bannockburn). ??? 1326 ? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? (Roger de Mortimer)? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? -??? ????? ????? ??????-? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? (Gloucestershire).

????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ^[1] ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? (???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? )? ^[2] ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? . ^[3] ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????. ^[4] ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ^[5]? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????. ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ≪??? ???? ????? ?????????≫? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????. ^[6]

???? ????? ?????? ????? -??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????- ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ^[7] ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? 1307. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????. ^[8] ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??. ^[9] ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? 200,000 ???? ??? ?????. ^[10]

????? ??????? (1284-1307) [ ??? ]

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? 25 ????? ??? 1284? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????. ^[11] ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????. ^[12] ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????. ^[13] ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ≪??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????≫? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????. ^[14]

???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????????? . ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ^[15] ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1284? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???. ^[16] ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ^[17] ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????????. ^[18]

?????? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? 1293? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????. ^[19] ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? 1290. ^[20] ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????. ^[21] ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????. ^[22] ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????-???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????. ^[23]

???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ^[24] ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ^[25] ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. ^[26] ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???. ^[27] ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????. ^[28] ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????. ^[29]

??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????. ^[30] ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ^[31] ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ^[32] ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ^[33]

?? ??? 1290? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????. ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ^[34] ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????. ^[35] ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 1294. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ^[36]

??????? ?????? ??? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? 1297 ?1298? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? . ^[37] ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???. ^[38] ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????. ^[39] ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? 1300 ?1301. ^[40] ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????. ^[41]

??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? 1300? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????. ^[42] ?? ???? 1301? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??????. ^[43] ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? 1301? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? 300 ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????. ^[44] ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? 1303 ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? (??????) ?? ??? ???????. ^[45] ?? ???? ??? 1304? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????. ^[46]

?? ??? 1305? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ^[47] ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? (???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????) ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ^[46] ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ^[48] ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????. ^[49]

????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? 1306? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? (????? ????) ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ^[50] ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ^[51] ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????. ^[52] ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????. ^[53] ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????. ^[54]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ Haines 2003 ? ???? 3
^ Prestwich 1988 ? ????? 13?14
^ Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 33
^ Prestwich 2003 ? ????? 5?6
^ Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 38; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 5; Given-Wilson 1996 ? ????? 29?30
^ Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 38; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 5; Gillingham? John (11 ????? 2008)? "Hard on Wales" ? Times Literary Supplement ? Times Literary Supplement? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-25 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2014-04-22
^ Haines 2003 ? ???? 25
^ Haines 2003 ? ???? 241
^ Brown 1988 ? ???? 575
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 129; Prestwich 2003 ? ????? 30?31, 93?94
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 33, 36
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 35?36; Haines 2003 ? ???? 3
^ Coote 2000 ? ????? 84?86
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 36; Haines 2003 ? ????? 3?4
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 39
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 40
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 37, 47; Chaplais 1994 ? ???? 5; Haines 2003 ? ???? 4
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 47
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 48
^ Phillips 2006 ? ???? 226
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 53?54
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 55?57; Haines 2003 ? ???? 11
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 60
^ Hamilton 2006 ? ????? 5?6; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 45
^ Hamilton 2006 ? ????? 6?8
^ Hamilton 2006 ? ???? 8; Haines 2003 ? ???? 7
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 73?74
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 37, 74; Hamilton 2006 ? ???? 9
^ Hamilton 2006 ? ???? 6; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 40
^ Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 71; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 41
^ Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 73; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 61
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 72?73; Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 72
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 72; Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 72
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 42
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 43
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 77?78; Hallam & Everard 2001 ? ???? 360
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 78?79
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 80?81; Rubin 2006 ? ???? 30
^ Brown 1988 ? ???? 574
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 81?82; Marshall 2006 ? ???? 190
^ Marshall 2006 ? ????? 198?199
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 82?84
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 85?87
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 88?90
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 91?93
^ ^? ^? Phillips 2011 ? ????? 94?95
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 104?105
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 95?96
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 107
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 109
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 109?111
^ Phillips 2011 ? ???? 111; Rubin 2006 ? ????? 29?30; Haines 2003 ? ????? 16?17
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 111?115
^ Phillips 2011 ? ????? 116?117

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ?????? ??? ???????

[1] Haines 2003 ? ???? 3

[2] Prestwich 1988 ? ????? 13?14

[3] Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 33

[4] Prestwich 2003 ? ????? 5?6

[5] Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 38; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 5; Given-Wilson 1996 ? ????? 29?30

[6] Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 38; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 5; Gillingham? John (11 ????? 2008)? "Hard on Wales" ? Times Literary Supplement ? Times Literary Supplement? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-25 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2014-04-22

[7] Haines 2003 ? ???? 25

[8] Haines 2003 ? ???? 241

[Brown1988P575-9] Brown 1988 ? ???? 575

[10] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 129; Prestwich 2003 ? ????? 30?31, 93?94

[11] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 33, 36

[12] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 35?36; Haines 2003 ? ???? 3

[13] Coote 2000 ? ????? 84?86

[14] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 36; Haines 2003 ? ????? 3?4

[15] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 39

[Phillips2011P40-16] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 40

[PhillipsChaplaisHaines-17] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 37, 47; Chaplais 1994 ? ???? 5; Haines 2003 ? ???? 4

[18] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 47

[19] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 48

[20] Phillips 2006 ? ???? 226

[21] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 53?54

[22] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 55?57; Haines 2003 ? ???? 11

[23] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 60

[24] Hamilton 2006 ? ????? 5?6; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 45

[25] Hamilton 2006 ? ????? 6?8

[26] Hamilton 2006 ? ???? 8; Haines 2003 ? ???? 7

[27] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 73?74

[28] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 37, 74; Hamilton 2006 ? ???? 9

[29] Hamilton 2006 ? ???? 6; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 40

[30] Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 71; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 41

[31] Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 73; Phillips 2011 ? ???? 61

[32] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 72?73; Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 72

[33] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 72; Prestwich 2003 ? ???? 72

[34] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 42

[Phillips2011P43-35] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 43

[Phillips2011PP77HallamEverard-36] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 77?78; Hallam & Everard 2001 ? ???? 360

[37] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 78?79

[38] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 80?81; Rubin 2006 ? ???? 30

[39] Brown 1988 ? ???? 574

[40] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 81?82; Marshall 2006 ? ???? 190

[Marshall2006PP198-41] Marshall 2006 ? ????? 198?199

[42] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 82?84

[43] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 85?87

[44] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 88?90

[45] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 91?93

[Phillips_2011_94-95-46] ? ^? Phillips 2011 ? ????? 94?95

[47] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 104?105

[48] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 95?96

[49] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 107

[Phillips2011P199-50] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 109

[51] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 109?111

[52] Phillips 2011 ? ???? 111; Rubin 2006 ? ????? 29?30; Haines 2003 ? ????? 16?17

[53] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 111?115

[54] Phillips 2011 ? ????? 116?117

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

? ? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????
??? ????????	?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????
??? ???????????	???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??? ????????	???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
??? ????	?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??? ??????	???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????
??? ???????	???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
??? ??????	???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????
??? ????-????? (??????)	?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????

? ? ? ????? ????
?????? (2022-??? ????) ?????? (1958-2022) ?????? (1910?1936) ???? (1901?1910) ????? ?????? (1841?1901) ???? (1762?1820) ???? (1751?1760) ???? ??????? (1729?1751) ???? (1714?1727) ???? (1688) ?????? (1641?1649) ?????? (1616?1625) ???? ??????? (1610?1612) ???? (1504?1509) ???? (1489?1502) ?????? (1483?1484) ?????? (1471?1483) ?????? ???????? (1454?1471) ???? (1399?1413) ??????? (1376?1377) ?????? ?????? (1343?1376) ?????? (1301?1307)
???? ?????: ????? ????