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| 海戰
1941年
1942年
1943年
1944年
1945年
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布拉格起義
(
捷克語
:
Pra?ske povstani
)是1945年5月
第二次世界大戰
結束後
布拉格
當地反對
納粹德國
的一次
起事
。納粹德國對捷克的?領助長了捷克民?的
反德情?
,同時紅軍和西方盟軍的推進?捷克反抗軍提供了機會。
1945年5月5日,在
歐洲的二戰結束
時,?領
波希米亞和摩拉維亞保護國
的德軍遭到了平民、
捷克抵抗運動
領導人和
俄羅斯解放軍
的襲擊。德軍對此予以反擊。5月8日,捷克和德國領導人簽署了停火協議,根據該協議,所有德軍撤出布拉格,但部分
武????
拒?服從。戰?一直持續到5月9日,當時紅軍已進入布拉格。
作戰雙方都犯下了數項戰爭罪。德軍使用捷克平民作?
肉盾
,?實施了多起屠殺。同時在
捷克斯洛伐克流亡政府
的支持下,針對德國平民的暴力行?有增無減。盟軍最高指揮官
德?特·D·艾森豪威?
命令
喬治·巴頓
的
美國第三軍團
不要前來援助捷克反德武裝,這削弱了西方列?在戰後
捷克斯洛伐克
的信譽。相反,起義被描繪成捷克反抗納粹統治的象徵。
注?
[
??
]
- ^
A few thousand of these were policemen from the
Police of the Czech Republic
and
國家憲兵
as well as soldiers from the 1st Battalion of the
波希米亞和摩拉維亞政府軍
, all of whom were lightly armed.
The remainder were civilians, mostly young men with no prior military training.
Numerous female civilians fought in the uprising, while others were escaped Allied
??
(some of whom were Soviet, British, French and Dutch) or Jews who had escaped from
納粹集中營
.
- ^
Approximately 10,000 of these were
武????
troops who were sent to Prague after the start of the uprising.
The remainder included regular
德意志國防軍
infantry,
納粹德國空軍
personnel from the disbanded
Flak corps
,
希特拉?年團
members and armed German civilians.
- ^
The lower figure is the official estimate published in 1946.
Only casualties whose identity could be verified were included.
The higher figure is argued by Marek.
[13]
- ^
Bunyachenko stated that ROA casualties in the uprising were 300 killed or wounded, but MacDonald suggests that this may have been "exaggerated for political purposes" as Bunyachenko was trying to avoid being handed over into Soviet captivity.
- ^
These figures in theory included civilian casualties. However, Stan?k considers the total number of Germans killed during the uprising to be well above 1,000.
- ^
The official figure of 1,000 German civilian casualties is "almost certainly an underestimate, especially considering the scope and nature of the violence that took place in and around the city, and doesn't take into account official attempts to play down the violence against civilians." For example, of 300 Germans buried in a mass grave in a suburb of Prague, three-quarters were classified as military casualties despite the fact that a majority were wearing civilian clothes.
?考文?
[
??
]