.

???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????
????? ????
???????????? ??????? : Gloria al Bravo Pueblo ?????? ??? ??????? ?????
??????????	???? ???????
?????????? ???????	??????
???????????	???????
????????	???????? ????????
?????????? ???????? ????????	??????? ?????? , ???? ???????
???????? ??????	??? 13?? ?????? , 1830
????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????	916,445 ?????????? ?"? 33?? 0.32
????????????? - ???? - ????? ???????? - ??????	28,199,825 40?? 30.2 ?????? ???? ?? ?"?
????????? ??????	358.623 ?????? ( 31?? )
????????	????????
???? ?????	4:30 - UTC
????????? ??????	ve..
????????? ????	58+

????????? ( ???????? : Venezuela ), ??????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? (??????: Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela ), ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? . ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????. ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? . ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? .

??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ??? 916,445 ??? ² ??? ? ???????????? ??????? ?? 29 ?????? ??? 2022.

?? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???, ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? , ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????, ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? . ??????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? , ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? , ????? , ????? , ???? . ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? , ???? ??? ? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ????.

??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? , ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? 12 ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? 3 ?????? ??????. ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????.

??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ??? ; ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? 980 ????? .

??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????. ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????, ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???. ?? ??????? ??? ? ????????? ??? ? ??????? , ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

?????????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? , ??????? ??? ???? ?'??"? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? , ???????? , ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????.

???????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?????? 500 ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ????.

??????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? 1500.

?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? 16??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? (Cumana), ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????.

?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ??? 5?? ???? 1811. ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ? ???????? ??? ???? ????????, ???? ???? ? ???????? ??? 1813. ??? 1821 ??? ????? ????????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????, ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????, ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????????? . ??? 1830 ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????.

????????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????; ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????; . ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? a 916,445 ??? ² ??? ? ???? ??? ??? 882,050 ??? ² , ???? ??? ?????????? ??? 33??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? 0° ??? 16°N ??? ?????????? 59° ??? 74°W.

???????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?????????? ??? ? ??????????? ??????? ????????, ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????, ^{[1] [2]} ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? (????), ???????? 80% ??? ??? ????????, ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ??? 2016 ??? ?????? ??????? ?? US$15,100, ???? 109??? ??? ??? ?????. ^[3] ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????????. ^[4]

????????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]