?????? Nederland
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?????????????? - ??? ??????	26??? ???? 1581
????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????	41,543 ?????????? ?"? 134?? 18.41
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???????? ( ???????? : Nederland ) ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? , ??? ? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? 18 ??????. ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ????. ?????? ??? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? . ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? , ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? . ?? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ? "????????".

?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? , ??? ??? ??? ???????? . ??????????? ??? ?? ??????????. ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????.

?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? , ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? .

?????? ??? ????? ? ???? ????; ??? 50% ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ???????? 17% ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? (?? ??? ??????) ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????.

?????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? 406 ?????? ? ?"? ² . ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ????????????? ????????, ??? ?? ??????????? ????? , ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ????? ??????.

?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ????????? ????????? ; ???? 1848 ??? ???? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ? ?????????????? ???????? . ?????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ????.

?????? ??? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????? , ????????? , G-10 , ???? , ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? . ???? ???????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? . ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? .

?????? ??? ? ??????????? ??????? ????????, ??? ??????? 17? ?????? 177 ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? .

???????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? 1581 ??? ?? ????????? ???????? , ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????? .

?? ??? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ???.

?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????.

??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????????????? ??? 1815 ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? .

?????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ??? 1830, ??? ?????????? ??? 1867.

??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?"? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??"?.

?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????.

?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? 1992.

??????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

??? 1581 ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? 1806 ??? ?????? ?????? ? ????????. ??? 1815 ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ??? 1848 ? ???????????? ??????????, ???? ???????? ???.

??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? , ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? . ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? , ???? ??? ?????? 33 ??? ???? ????? ??? 75, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? 30??? ????? 2013.

?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????, ???? ??? 13 ??? 16 ?????????. ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????, ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????. ???? ??????? 2010 ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????????, ??? "?????-???????", ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ??????? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ????? ??? 75 ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? 150 ?????????.

????????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?????? ????? ??????? ??? 12 ?????????:

• ????????? (Groningen)
• ???????? (Friesland)
• ?????? (Drenthe)
• ?????????? (Overijssel)
• ?????????? (Flevoland)
• ?????????? (Gelderland)
• ??????? (Utrecht)
• ???? ?????? (Noord-Holland)
• ???? ?????? (Zuid-Holland)
• ?????? (Zeeland)
• ???? ??????? (Noord-Brabant)
• ??????? (Limburg)

???????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????????. ???? ??? 16?? ?????????? ????? ???????, ???????, ?????????????, ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????. ?????? ??? ? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????.

?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? (??? 2013) ?????????, ??????, ??? ??????????? ?????????, ?? ??????????? ?????, ?????????, ???????, ???? ??? ???????. ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????. ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ????????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????, ??????????, ?????????, ????????? ????? ??? ??????. ??????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? , ???????? , ??? , ?????? ??? ?????? .

?????? ??? ?? 17?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? 10? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ? ?????. ??? ????? 2013 ??? ????????????? ???????? ??? 8.2% ??? ??? ???????????.

?? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? . ?? ????????? ????? , ? ???? ??? ?????????? , ??? ??? ?????'? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? , ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????, ??? ?????, ??? 1?? ?????? 1999 ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????, ??????? ??? ??? 15 ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? 2.20371 ????? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? 1?? ?????? 2002. ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????.

?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????.

???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???? , ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ?????? 1970?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ????? €159 ??????.

????????????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

??? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????, ??? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ????????. ?? ????????? ???????? 4% ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????, ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???? 21 ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????.

?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????'? ??????.

????????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?? ?????? ???? ??????'? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? 1950?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? 200 ?????? ?"? ? ???, ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????, 25% ??? ? ??????, 20% ?? ??? ??? 5% ??? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? 139,295 ?"?, ???? 2,758 ?"? ??? ????????????, ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? 3,013 ?"?. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? 18 ?????? ??????? (??? ??? ?'??? ?? ?????? ??? ????). ?? ???? ???? 35,000 ?"? ??? ????????????.

???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????; ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? , ?????? ??? ???? ????????? . ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????????? .

?????? ???????, ? ???? ????????? ??? ?????????, ??? ??? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????.

?????????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??? ? ??????? ??????????? ??? 16,785,403 ???? 30??? ????? 2013. ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 63??? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ??? 1900 ??? 1950 ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? 5.1 ?????? ?????? ??? 10 ??????. ?? ?????? ???? ??? 1.78 ?????? ? ????, ????? ??? ? ?? ??????????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ????. ???????????????? ??? ???? ????, 83.21 ??? ??????? ??? 78.93 ??? ???????. ?? ??????????? ??????? ???, ???? ?? ????? ??? 2005: 80.9% ????????, 2.4% ?????????? , 2.4% ?????? , 2.2% ????? , 2.0% ????????? , 1.9% ????????? , 0.8% ??????? ??? ?????? , ??? 7.4% ??????.

???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ? ????????????? ???? ??? 1.81 ??? ?????????? ????? ??? 1.67 ??? ?????????? ?????? (??? 2009).

?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? (??????????? 821,702), ???????? (624,799), ??? ??? (514,782), ??????? (334,160) ??? ?????????? (223,272).

????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? . ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????. ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? , ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? 1956 ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? .

???? ??? ????????? [ ?????????? | ?????????? ??????????? ]

??? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ???????

??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? 12?? ?????????? . ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ???? 17?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????.

???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????-????? ????? ?????? 10% ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????.

????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? 40,000 ???? ???????? ??? ??????, ?????? ??? 10,000 ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????.

??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????.

 

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??? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ??? ???????????? .