?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????
?????????
(
??????
:
????????
,
??????????:
Rama??n
,
[ra.ma.d?aːn]
;
[note 1]
????????????????
Ramzan
,
Ramadhan
????
Ramathan
) ????
????????????
???
????????????
[4]
????????????????
??????
????????????? ?????????
???????????
, ??????, ??????????????????? ????????????????????
[5]
?????????????????
?????????????????????????
,
[6]
????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
[7]
????????????????????????????? 29 ???? 30 ??? ?????????????
???????????????
?????????????????????????
[8]
[9]
????????????????????????????????????????????
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(??????) ??????????????????????????????
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[11]
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??????????????????
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[13]
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[14]
[15]
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???????????????????? (
?????
) ??????????????????????????????????????????????
[17]
????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????
??????????????
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[18]
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[20]
[21]
????????????
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???
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R-M-?
(
?-?-?
) "???????"
[22]
???????????????????????
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?????????????????
?????
??? ?????????? "?????????" ??????????????????? ????????????????????? "??????????????????" ????????????
?????
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[23]
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[29]
??????
[30]
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[35]
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??
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????
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????
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?????
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????????
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[37]
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??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? (??????????????) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
[
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)
[43]
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Paul-Gordon Chandler
???????????
[45]
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??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????? chickpea-studded rice pilaf. ?????????????
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[87]
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???????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???/???????????
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??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??
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???????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ? ??????????
[102]
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????.?. 2012 ???
?????????????????????????????
[103]
[104]
??????????????????????????????????? "
???????????????
"
[105]
???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????? 6 ????????????? ??? 36 ?????????????????
????????????
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?????
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???????
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[106]
???????????
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[107]
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[108]
??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[107]
[109]
[110]
???????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
[111]
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10??? ??????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????? ???????????? (lipids profile), ????????????????????, ???????, ??????????? ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[112]
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
[113]
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????????
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[115]
[116]
[117]
[118]
[119]
??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????, ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????
????????????????? 2
[120]
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????
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[121]
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[122]
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
[123]
????????????????????
????????
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??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[124]
[125]
???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????
?????
?????????????????????? (????????????????? ???????? 60 ?????????/????) ????????
?????
???????????????????
??????????
????????????????????????????????????????
?????????
????????
[126]
???????????????
[
???
]
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????: ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (
?????????
[127]
???
?????
[128]
) ???
???????????????
???????????????????????
[129]
????????????? 2005 ????? ???????????????????????????????, ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[130]
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,
[131]
????????
,
[132]
[133]
[134]
???????????????????????????,
[135]
?????
[136]
??????????
[137]
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????:
- ??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
[138]
????? ????????
?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? "??????????????????"
[137]
- ???????
????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????? "??????????????????????????????????????????????"
[129]
- ??
????????
,
?????????????????
,
?????
?????????????????????????????????????????? 7 ?????????????????
??????????
????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? 7,500 ???
[134]
- ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????
?????????
?????????????????? ??? ??????????????????????
???????
???????? ??????????????????????????????????????
[136]
?????????????????????
[
???
]
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? 11 ??? 16 ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 22 ???????????????? ???? ?????.?. 2014 ????????????????, ??????????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ??????????????? 22 ??????? ???????????????????????, ???????????????? ???????????????? 11 ??????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
[14]
[15]
[16]
????????????????????
[
???
]
?????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????
?????????????????
???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????
?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
[139]
[140]
????????????????????????
[
???
]
???????????????????????????????????;
[141]
[142]
???????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????
[143]
[144]
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
[145]
????????????
???????????
????????? ????????????
??????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? 35 ??? 50%.
[146]
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[147]
?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
[148]
???????
[
???
]
????????
[
???
]
- ↑
????????????????????? ??????????????????????
[r?m??d??ːn, rama?d??ːn, ræmæ?d??ːn]
??????????????????
???????
[
???
]
- ↑
1.0
1.1
Clark, Malcolm (2003).
Islam For Dummies
(??????????). John Wiley & Sons.
ISBN
978-0764555039
.
- ↑
"The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia"
.
????
????????????????? 11 ???????? 2011
. ??????????? 7 ?????? 2017
.
- ↑
3.0
3.1
3.2
"Ramadan to start May 27 or May 28"
.
aljazeera.com/
.
????
????????????????? 27 ?????? 2017
. ??????????? 27 ?????? 2017
.
- ↑
BBC
?
Religions
????????
28 ??????? 2012 ???
??????????????
Retrieved 25 July 2012
- ↑
"Ramadan: Fasting and Traditions"
.
????
????????????????? 22 ?????? 2019
. ??????????? 6 ??????? 2019
.
- ↑
"Ramadan 2020: Date, importance, wishes, quotes, messages, and pictures"
.
India Today
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (
?????
)
- ↑
"
Schools ? Religions
"
.
BBC
.
????
????????????????? 27 ??????? 2012
. ??????????? 25 ??????? 2012
.
- ↑
Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad.
"Sahih Bukhari ? Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124"
.
hadithcollection.com
. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 13 ???????? 2012
. ??????????? 25 ??????? 2012
.
- ↑
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain.
"Sahih Muslim ? Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378"
.
hadithcollection.com
. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 15 ?????? 2013
. ??????????? 25 ??????? 2012
.
- ↑
Fasting (Al Siyam) ?
??????
? p. 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998
- ↑
Islam, Andrew Egan ? 2002 ? p. 24
- ↑
Dubai ? p. 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers ? 2010
- ↑
"Ramadan in the Farthest North"
.
Saudi Aramco World
. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 4 ?????????? 2015
. ??????????? 16 ???????? 2015
.
- ↑
14.0
14.1
See article
"How Long Muslims Fast For Ramadan Around The World"
-Huffpost.com /31 July 2014 and article "Fasting Hours of Ramadan 2014" -Onislam.net / 29 June 2014 and article "The true spirit of Ramadan" -Gulfnews.com /31 July 2014
- ↑
15.0
15.1
See article by Imam Mohamad Jebara "The fasting of Ramadan is not meant to punish"
https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/jebara-the-fasting-of-ramadan-is-not-meant-to-punish
????????
7 ??????? 2019 ???
??????????????
- ↑
16.0
16.1
Kassam, Ashifa (3 ??????? 2016).
"Arctic Ramadan: fasting in land of midnight sun comes with a challenge"
.
The Guardian
.
????
????????????????? 7 ??????? 2016
. ??????????? 6 ??????? 2016
.
- ↑
Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad.
"Sahih Bukhari ? Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125"
.
hadithcollection.com
. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 15 ?????? 2013
. ??????????? 25 ??????? 2012
.
- ↑
Smith, Jane I. (2010).
Islam in America
.
Columbia University Press
. p. 15.
ISBN
978-0231147101
. ???????????
30 May
2017
.
- ↑
Hotaling, Edward (2003).
Islam Without Illusions: Its Past, Its Present, and Its Challenge for the Future
. Syracuse University Press. p.
57
.
ISBN
978-0815607663
. ???????????
30 May
2017
.
- ↑
Abu Dawud
-Ibn-Ash'ath-AsSijisstani, Sulayman.
"Sunan Abu-Dawud ? (The Book of Prayer) ? Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan, Hadith 1370"
.
Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement of The University of Southern California
.
????
????????????????? 15 ???????? 2012
. ??????????? 25 ??????? 2012
.
- ↑
Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad.
"Sahih Bukhari ? Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 199"
.
hadithcollection.com
. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 15 ?????? 2013
. ??????????? 25 ??????? 2012
.
- ↑
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain.
"Sahih Muslim ? Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2391"
.
hadithcollection.com
. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 12 ???????? 2018
. ??????????? 25 ??????? 2012
.
- ↑
Al-Bayhaqi
, Abu Bakr.
Sunnan al-Kubra
(??????????). p. Vol. 4, Book 11, Ch. 6, Nu. 7904.
????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????: ??? ?????????? ≪?????????≫ ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ≪?????? ?????????≫
- ↑
Al-Tabari
, Muhammad ibn Jarir.
Tafsir al-Tabari
(??????????). p. Vol. 3, Pg. 187.
??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ≪?????????≫? ?????????: ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????: ≪?????? ?????????≫
- ↑
Al-Razi
, Fakhr al-Din.
Tafsir al-Kabir
(??????????). p. Vol. 5, Pg. 251.
???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????: ??? ?????????? ≪????? ?????????≫ ??≪?????? ?????????≫ ????????? ???????? ≪????? ?????? ?????????≫ ??≪?????? ?????? ?????????≫ ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????.
- ↑
Ibn al-Jawzi
, Abdul Rahman.
Al-Mawdu'at
(??????????). p. Vol. 2, Pg. 187.
????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????: ??? ?????????? ≪?????????≫ ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ≪?????? ?????????≫
- ↑
Ibn Abu Hatim, Abdul Rahman.
Tafsir Ibn Abu Hatim
(??????????). p. Vol. 1, Pg. 310, Nu. 1648.
??? ?????????? ≪?????????≫? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ≪?????? ?????????≫
- ↑
Al-Dimashqi, Tamam.
Fawa'id al-Tamam
(??????????). p. Vol. 1, Pg. 104, Nu. 241.
????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????: ??? ?????????? ?????????? ≪?????? ?????????≫? ??≪?????? ?????????≫? ????? ≪???????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????≫? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ≪?????? ?????????≫ ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????
- ↑
Ibn al-Saqri, Abu Tahir.
Mashyakhah
(??????????). p. Vol. 1, Pg. 126, Nu. 52.
????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????: ??? ??????????? ??? ???????? ≪?????????≫ ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ≪?????? ?????????≫ ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????
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Al-Kulayni
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Al-Kafi
(??????????). p. Book 14 (the Book of Fasting), Ch. 4.
????? ????? ???????? (???????? ??????????): ??? ?????????? ≪?????? ?????????≫ ????? ≪?????? ?????????≫ ????? ≪????? ?????????≫ ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ≪?????? ?????????≫ ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????
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Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih
(??????????). p. Vol. 2, Pg. 182.
????? ??????? ?????????????? (???????? ??????????): ??? ?????????? ≪?????????≫ ????????? ???????? ≪?????? ?????????≫ ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????
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Wasa'il al-Shia
(??????????). p. Vol. 10, Ch. 19.
??????? (???????? ??????????) ?????: ??? ?????????? ≪?????????≫ ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ≪?????? ?????????≫
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????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????: ??? ?????????? ≪?????????≫ ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????: ≪?????? ?????????≫
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????
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{{
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?????????
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????????
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????????
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?????????
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????
????????????????? 22 ??????? 2012
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????
????????????????? 6 ??????? 2011
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?????????
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?????????
????? 21 ??????? 2012
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????
????????????????? 31 ??????? 2012
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?????????
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.
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????
????????????????? 6 ??????? 2019
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????
????????????????? 6 ??????? 2019
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????
????????????????? 6 ??????? 2019
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????
????????????????? 6 ??????? 2019
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????????
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??????????????
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Egypt's tourism minister 'confirms' alcohol prohibition on Islamic holidays beyond Ramadan
????????
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??????????????
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????
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????
????????????????? 10 ???????? 2016
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????????
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[
?????????
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Today's Zaman
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?????????
????? 28 ?????? 2014
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????
????????????????? 27 ???????? 2015
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????
????????????????? 27 ??????? 2014
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?????????
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Hurriyet Daily News
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????
????????????????? 13 ??????? 2014
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.
Jakarta Post
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????
????????????????? 16 ??????? 2014
. ??????????? 15 ??????? 2014
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.
Jakarta Post
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?????????
????? 12 June 2010
. ???????????
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134.0
134.1
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.
Department of Communication, Informatics and Public Relations of Jakarta Capital City
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?????????
????? 24 ??????? 2014
. ??????????? 16 ??????? 2014
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"Comment le Ramadhan bouleverse la vie des Algeriens"
.
El Watan, French
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?????????
????? 18 ????????? 2011
. ??????????? 16 ??????? 2014
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136.0
136.1
"Yemen child trafficking to increase during Ramadan"
.
Yemen Times
. 20 August 2009. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 4 April 2011.
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137.0
137.1
"Ramadan saw rise in violent domestic crimes"
.
Daily News, Egypt
. 2 November 2006. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 18 August 2011.
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"
Ramadan and lower crime rates: The Ayatollah says that during Ramadan the number of criminal cases in the Judiciary diminish by a great degree
"
. 11 ??????? 2013. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 26 ??????? 2014
. ??????????? 16 ??????? 2014
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Ibadah
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ISSN
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www.aljazeera.com
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TUC
(??????????)
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Times of Oman
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????
????????????????? 24 ???????? 2016
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Times of Oman
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????
????????????????? 24 ???????? 2016
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????
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Indonesia Expat
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???????????????
[
???
]
|
---|
????????
| |
---|
?????????
| |
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???? ?
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