2012 ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????????

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2012 ????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ( 2012 Summer Paralympic Games ) ???????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? 29 , 2012 ????? ?????????? 9 , 2012 ??? ??????????.

2012??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????. ??????????? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????; 1984??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????.

1948??? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ^[1] ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????????????. ^[2]

???????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

2012 ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????. ^[3] 2008 ????????? ????????????? ??????? 250 ???? ????????, ?????? 4,200 ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????????????????????. ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? 17 ??????? ????? ????????????????. ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????????. ???????: ????????? ??????? ??????? , ?????? , ?????? , ???????? , ?????? ???????? ???????? , ???????? , ???????? , ??????-?????? , ???????? , ?????????? , ?? ?????? , ???? ????? , ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? . ^[3] 1988?????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????. ^[4]^[5] ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????????, ????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????????. ^[6]

????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????????: ^[7]

???????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? (??????????? ?????????)

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???? ?????? (88)
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???????? (8) ^[12]
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??????/ ?????????? 2012	29 ???.	30 ????	31 ????.	1 ???	2 ????.	3 ????.	4 ????.	5 ???.	6 ????.	7 ????.	8 ???	9 ????.	?????? ??????????
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????? ?????????		2	3	3	3	3	3	3					20
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?????????	●											●
??????/ ?????????? 2012	29 ???.	30 ????.	31 ????.	1 ???	2 ????.	3 ????.	4 ????.	5 ???.	6 ????.	7 ????.	8 ???	9 ????.	?????? ??????????

^[17]

??????? ???????? [ ???? ]

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1	????	91	75	65	231
2	???????	36	38	28	102
3	?????? ??????????	34	43	43	120
4	???????	32	24	28	84
5	???????????	32	23	30	85
6	?????? ?????????	31	29	38	98
7	????????	21	14	8	43
8	???????	18	26	22	66
9	???????	14	13	9	36
10	???????????	10	10	19	39

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Paralympics History ????????????? 2009-02-06 at the ??????? ????????? By Susana Correia in Accessible Portugal Online Magazine
↑ "History of the Paralympic Movement" . Canadian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2 ?????? 2009 . ????????????? ???? 7 April 2010 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "It's Official ? London 2012 to be Biggest Paralympic Games Ever | IPC" . Paralympic.org . ????????????? ???? 8 July 2012 .
↑ "Paralympic athletes thrill students" , The Guardian (T&T), 17 May 2012
↑ Trinidad & Tobago at the Paralympics , IPC
↑ Degun, Tom (29 August 2012). "Botswana and Malawi pull out of London 2012 Paralympic Games" . inside world parasport . ????????????? ???? 29 August 2012 .
↑ https://archive.today/20130103164138/www.london2012.com/paralympics/athletes/%23tabFilter-3
↑ https://archive.today/20121204173352/www.london2012.com/paralympics/country/faroe-islands/
↑ "Rogoimuri ruled out of 2012 Paralympics" . Fijilive.com. 2012-08-23 . ????????????? ???? 2012-08-29 .
↑ https://archive.today/20121205031826/www.london2012.com/paralympics/country/jordan/athletes/index.html
↑ North Korea - Athletes
↑ "M?s?jo sportistu starti Paralimpiskaj?s sp?l?s London? 2012" (in Latvian). Latvian Paralympic Comittee. 10 August 2012 . ????????????? ???? 19 August 2012 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
↑ "London games: 500 Days to go!" . Ukinlebanon.fco.gov.uk. 9 August 2012 . ????????????? ???? 13 August 2012 .
↑ BNS. "Paskelbta Lietuvos rinktin?, startuosianti Londono parolimpin?se ?aidyn?se ? DELFI ?inios" . Sportas.delfi.lt . ????????????? ???? 13 August 2012 .
↑ "Team South Africa named for 2012 Paralympics" . SASCOC. Archived from the original on 26 ???? 2012 . ????????????? ???? 15 August 2012 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ "Comite Paralimpico Espanol - Juegos Paralimpicos Londres 2012 - Noticias" . Paralimpicos.es. Archived from the original on 28 ?????? 2012 . ????????????? ???? 14 August 2012 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ http://media.ticketmaster.com/en-gb/img/sys/tournament/london2012/para-complete.pdf

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

London 2012 Official Homepage ????????????? 2012-05-23 at the ??????? ?????????
Inclusive London ????????????? 2019-07-24 at the ??????? ????????? - accessibility in London
Official mascots homepage ????????????? 2011-10-08 at the ??????? ?????????
London 2012 from the International Paralympic Committee
The Official Channel 4 Paralympics website for London 2012 Paralympic Games
Beijing 2008 Paralympic closing ceremony handover ceremony video

??????? ??????	????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????? XIV Paralympiad (2012)	??????? ???? ?? ??????

[1] Paralympics History ????????????? 2009-02-06 at the ??????? ????????? By Susana Correia in Accessible Portugal Online Magazine

[history-2] "History of the Paralympic Movement" . Canadian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2 ?????? 2009 . ????????????? ???? 7 April 2010 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[biggest-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "It's Official ? London 2012 to be Biggest Paralympic Games Ever | IPC" . Paralympic.org . ????????????? ???? 8 July 2012 .

[4] "Paralympic athletes thrill students" , The Guardian (T&T), 17 May 2012

[5] Trinidad & Tobago at the Paralympics , IPC

[6] Degun, Tom (29 August 2012). "Botswana and Malawi pull out of London 2012 Paralympic Games" . inside world parasport . ????????????? ???? 29 August 2012 .

[7] ttps://archive.today/20130103164138/www.london2012.com/paralympics/athletes/%23tabFilter-3

[8] ttps://archive.today/20121204173352/www.london2012.com/paralympics/country/faroe-islands/

[9] "Rogoimuri ruled out of 2012 Paralympics" . Fijilive.com. 2012-08-23 . ????????????? ???? 2012-08-29 .

[10] ttps://archive.today/20121205031826/www.london2012.com/paralympics/country/jordan/athletes/index.html

[11] North Korea - Athletes

[12] "M?s?jo sportistu starti Paralimpiskaj?s sp?l?s London? 2012" (in Latvian). Latvian Paralympic Comittee. 10 August 2012 . ????????????? ???? 19 August 2012 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )

[13] "London games: 500 Days to go!" . Ukinlebanon.fco.gov.uk. 9 August 2012 . ????????????? ???? 13 August 2012 .

[14] BNS. "Paskelbta Lietuvos rinktin?, startuosianti Londono parolimpin?se ?aidyn?se ? DELFI ?inios" . Sportas.delfi.lt . ????????????? ???? 13 August 2012 .

[15] "Team South Africa named for 2012 Paralympics" . SASCOC. Archived from the original on 26 ???? 2012 . ????????????? ???? 15 August 2012 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[16] "Comite Paralimpico Espanol - Juegos Paralimpicos Londres 2012 - Noticias" . Paralimpicos.es. Archived from the original on 28 ?????? 2012 . ????????????? ???? 14 August 2012 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[17] ttp://media.ticketmaster.com/en-gb/img/sys/tournament/london2012/para-complete.pdf

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