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|
Republic of the Philippines
|
---|
|
Motto:
"
Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa
"
[1]
"For God, People, Nature, and Country"
|
Anthem:
Lupang Hinirang
Chosen Land
|
Great Seal
Dakilang Sagisag ng Pilipinas
(Filipino)
Great Seal of the Philippines
|
|
Capital
| Manila
a
14°35′N
120°58′E
/
14.583°N 120.967°E
/
14.583; 120.967
|
---|
Largest city
| Quezon City
14°38′N
121°02′E
/
14.633°N 121.033°E
/
14.633; 121.033
|
---|
Official languages
| |
---|
Recognized regional languages
| |
---|
National language
| Filipino
|
---|
Other recognized languages
| Official and national
sign language
b
Filipino Sign Language
Auxiliary languages
c
|
---|
Ethnic groups
(2015)
| |
---|
Demonym(s)
| Filipino
(
masculine or neutral
)
Filipina
(
feminine
)
Pinoy
(
colloquial masculine or neutral
)
Pinay
(
colloquial feminine
)
Philippine
|
---|
Government
| Unitary
presidential
constitutional
republic
|
---|
|
| Bongbong Marcos
|
---|
| Sara Duterte
|
---|
| Juan Miguel Zubiri
|
---|
| Lord Allan Velasco
|
---|
| Alexander Gesmundo
|
---|
|
Legislature
| Congress
|
---|
| Senate
|
---|
| House of Representatives
|
---|
|
|
| June 12, 1898
|
---|
| December 10, 1898
|
---|
| January 21, 1899
|
---|
| March 24, 1934
|
---|
| May 14, 1935
|
---|
| July 4, 1946
|
---|
| February 2, 1987
|
---|
|
|
? Total
| 300,000
[2]
[3]
km
2
(120,000 sq mi) (
72nd
)
|
---|
? Water (%)
| 0.61
[4]
(inland waters)
|
---|
| 300,000
|
---|
|
? 2015 census
| 100,981,437
[5]
(
13th
)
|
---|
? Density
| 336/km
2
(870.2/sq mi) (
47th
)
|
---|
GDP
(
PPP
)
| 2020 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $933.913 billion
[6]
(
27th
)
|
---|
? Per capita
| $8,573
[6]
(
115th
)
|
---|
GDP
(nominal)
| 2020 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $367.362 billion
[6]
(
31st
)
|
---|
? Per capita
| $3,484
[6]
(
119th
)
|
---|
Gini
(2015)
| 40.1
[7]
medium
·
44th
|
---|
HDI
(2017)
| 0.699
[8]
medium
·
113th
|
---|
Currency
| Peso
(?) (
PHP
)
|
---|
Time zone
| UTC
+8
(
PST
)
|
---|
| UTC
+8
(not observed)
|
---|
Date format
| - mm-dd-yyyy
- dd-mm-yyyy (
AD
)
|
---|
Mains electricity
| 220V - 60Hz
|
---|
Driving side
| right
[9]
|
---|
Calling code
| +63
|
---|
ISO 3166 code
| PH
|
---|
Internet TLD
| .ph
|
---|
|
- ^
While
Manila
is designated as the nation's capital, the
seat of government
is the
National Capital Region
, commonly known as "
Metro Manila
", of which the city of Manila is a part.
[10]
[11]
Many national government institutions aside from
Malacanang
Palace and some agencies/institutions are located within the NCR.
- ^
Since March 10, 1945
[12]
[13]
|
The
Philippines
is an
island country
in
Southeast Asia
in the
Pacific Ocean
. It has 7,641 islands. The capital city of the Philippines is
Manila
.
Spain
(1521?1898), and the
United States
(1898?1946), colonized (controlled) the country and
Palau
, which is on the eastern side of the
Philippine Sea
. The Philippines and
East Timor
are the only nations in East Asia where most people are
Christians
. The Philippines got independence when the United States left in 1946.
The Philippine Islands are surrounded on the east by the
Philippine Sea
, on the west by the
South China Sea
, and on the south by the
Celebes Sea
.
Borneo
island is a few hundred kilometers to the southwest,
Vietnam
is to the west, and
Taiwan
is directly north.
Local Government.
The parts of Philippines are "local government units" (LGUs). The
province
is the top unit. There are 81 provinces in the country (2015). In the provinces there are
cities
and
municipalities
(towns). In these municipalities there are smaller
barangays
(villages). The
barangay
is the smallest local government unit.
All provinces are in 17
regions
for administration (organisation). Most government offices have regional offices for the provinces. The regions do not have a separate local government, except for the Muslim Mindanao and Cordillera regions, which have their own power (autonomous government).
¹
Names are capitalized because they are
acronyms
, containing the names of the constituent provinces or cities.
The Philippines has 7,107 islands. Together there are about 300,000 square kilometers of land. The islands are in three groups:
Luzon
,
Visayas
, and
Mindanao
. Luzon is the largest island and Mindanao is the second largest. The Visayas are the group of islands in the central part of the Philippines. The busy port of Manila, on Luzon, is the country's
capital
and it is the second-largest
city
after
Quezon City
.
Cebu City
and
Davao City
are the largest cities in Visayas and Mindanao, respectively.
The
climate
is hot, humid (there is a lot of water in the air), and
tropical
. The average temperature all year is around 26.5 °Celsius. Filipinos usually say there are three
seasons
:
Tag-init
or
Tag-araw
(the hot season or summer from March to May),
Tag-ulan
(the rainy season from June to November), and
Tag-lamig
(the cold season from December to February).
The Philippines is in the
Pacific Ring of Fire
(zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions). Most of the mountainous islands had a lot of tropical
rainforests
a long time ago. They started as
volcanoes
. The highest place is
Mount Apo
on Mindanao at 2,954 m. Many volcanoes in the country, for example
Mount Mayon
, are active. The country also has about 19
typhoons
per year.
Taal Volcano is an island in Taal Lake. It is in an ancient
caldera
in Batangas Province. It is about 2 hours by bus going south from Manila. The jump-off point in Talisay is suitable for day trips and overnighters.
Human beings came to the Philippines 30,000 years ago. They came from Asia. Scientists think they came on a
land bridge
during the
ice age
. The sea level was very low then. By the 900s c.e. there were villages in the Philippines. Chinese sailors from China and Muslim sailors from
Borneo
came to trade with the villagers.
[14]
In 1521,
Ferdinand Magellan
claimed the Philippines for
Spain
. That means he said they belonged to Spain, but the Filipinos did not agree or sign a treaty. Because the king of Spain at the time was
King Philip II
, the islands are called the Philippines. The Spanish built farms in the Philippines, but many Filipinos did not want Spain to rule them. For example,
Jose Rizal
wrote about why the Spanish rule was bad. The Spanish government
killed him
.
[14]
Rebels began to fight the Spanish government. They were still fighting when the
Spanish-American War
began in 1898.
[14]
During the Spanish-American War, American Commodore
George Dewey
started to capture Manila on May 5. But he did not finish right away. Because messages were slow in 1898, Dewey captured Manila one day after the truce began. The United States paid Spain US $20 million and took the Philippines.
[15]
In 1899, the Filipinos began an
insurgency
against the Americans. The Filipinos did not want the United States to rule them. They wanted to rule themselves, so they fought the Americans. They started fighting on February 4, 1899, two days before the treaty between the United States and Spain. The Americans and Filipinos fought each other. Emilio Aguinaldo led the Filipinos. There were
cruel
acts. For example, American soldiers would kill Filipinos even if they were
not fighters
. About 20,000 Filipino fighters and about 200,000 Filipino non-fighters died. About 4200 Americans died. In 1902, the United States won. There was a little more fighting later.
[16]
[17]
The United States government decided that the Philippines should be an independent country but not right away. In 1907, the Philippines had elections for its first assembly. In 1916, the
United States government promised
to make the Philippines an independent country. In 1935, the Philippines became a United States
commonwealth
. This meant the Filipinos had more control over the Philippines than before but were not an independent country.
[16]
[18]
During
World War II
, the Japanese navy came to the Philippines. The American army was not ready to stop the Japanese. They left. The Japanese captured the country. The Japanese soldiers took away the Filipinos' food. The people starved. The Filipinos used
guerrilla warfare
to fight the Japanese. Later in the war, the Americans came back. The Americans and Filipinos fought the Japanese together. The American general
Douglas MacArthur
helped lead.
[18]
After World War II, the United States and the Philippines agreed that the Philippines should be an independent country. The Philippines became independent in 1946. It became the Republic of the Philippines.
[16]
[18]
The United States military did not leave all of the Philippines. The United States and Philippines signed a treaty in 1947. That treaty said the United States could build a
military base
in the Philippines.
Subic Bay
and
Clark Air Force Base
were the largest American military bases outside the United States. They were important during the
Cold War
.
[18]
Many Filipinos did not like the bases.
[19]
During the
Cold War
the United States did not like
Communism
. It would support almost any government that was not Communist, even if it was very bad in other ways. The Marcos family became leaders of the Philippines for many years. The Filipinos elected Ferdinand Marcos in 1965. Later, he declared
martial law
and dismissed the assembly. That meant that the Filipinos had almost no freedom and could not vote for new leaders. Communist groups and Muslim groups tried to take control, but the United States helped Marcos stop them.
[19]
In 1987, the Filipinos stopped Marcos. They wrote a new constitution for the country. In the early 1990s, Subic Bay and Clark Air Force Bases were closed. There was still corruption but not as much as with Marcos.
[20]
There are many environmental problems in the Philippines. One of them is
overfishing
in many areas, which lead to pitiful catches. Another problem is that only ten percent of sewage is treated and cleaned, while the other 90% is dumped back to nature and the ocean, which leads to
pollution
.
Deforestation
is a serious problem, and after decades of cutting down forests, illegal logging and forest fires, there is only 3% left of original forest cover. Forest losses have also affected the Philippines with serious
soil erosion
, which is threatening the Philippines
biodiversity
.
[21]
The Philippines is a developing country. In 1998 the Philippine economy?a mixture of
agriculture
, light industry, and support services?deteriorated because of the effects of the
Asian financial crisis
and poor weather conditions. The economy's growth fell to 0.6% in 1998 from 5% in 1997, but recovered to about 3% in 1999 and 4% in 2000. As of 2012, it is estimated at 6.6%.
[22]
The Government has promised to continue its economic reforms to help the Philippines match the pace of development in the newly industrialized countries of
Southeast Asia
. The strategies are improving
infrastructure
, fixing the
tax
system to help the government income, supporting deregulation (to remove government control) and
privatization
of the economy, and increasing trade within the region. Future prospects depend heavily on the economic performance of the three major trading partners,
China
, the
United States
and
Japan
.
Around 109,6 million people live in the Philippines as of 2020. Most people in the Philippines are of
Austronesian
stock. The ethnic
Chinese
, who have helped run businesses since the
9th century
, also live in the country. Its now 105 million people there. The
Negritos
live in the mountains of Luzon and Visayas. Luzon has a lot of
mestizo
people, a
Spanish
term for someone of mixed Hispanic and native blood.
The people of the Philippines are known as
Filipinos
. Filipinos are divided into many groups, the three largest are the Tagalogs, Cebuanos, and the Ilocanos. When the Philippines was a colony, the term "Filipino" used to mean the Spanish and Spanish-
mixed
minority. But now everyone who is a citizen/national of the Philippines is called "Filipino". Even then, it is still has the most diverse
ethnic groups
in Asia, the other being
Indonesia
. People also call
Filipinos
"
Pinoy
" for short.
Filipino
and
English
are the official languages. Filipino is based largely on Tagalog, a native language spoken in Metro Manila and neighboring provinces. The Filipino language, is a cousin of the
Malay language
. Other local languages and dialects are
Cebuano
and
Ilocano
and many others. English is used in government, schools and business. Other languages are
Chinese
which is spoken by the ethnic Chinese population and the Chinese?Filipinos. Most of the
Muslims
live deep in southern
Mindanao
and the smaller islands off of the southern Philippine mainland near
Malaysia's
northeastern tip. They also speak
Arabic
as a second language but to a small extent.
Spanish
, once the official language of the Philippines in the 1970s is also spoken by a notable minority of Filipinos.
Before the Spanish arrived, the Filipinos did not think of themselves as one culture. Most of the Philippines were Buddhist, Muslim and Hindu. The Spaniards came in 1565, and brought with them
Spanish culture
. They soon spread to the islands making forts and schools, preaching Christianity, and converting most of the native people to the
Catholic
religion. When the United States colonized the islands in 1898, the
Americans
brought with them their own culture, which has the strongest influence up to now. This makes the Philippines the most Westernized country in eastern Asia. The Spanish culture in the Philippines is not directly from Spain but from
Mexico
, as the Philippines were ruled by
Spain
via
Mexico
. It was governed from
Mexico City
which explains much of the
Spanish
influence in the Philippines.
[23]
Also, the
Spanish
that was spoken in the Philippines was Mexican
Spanish
, not European
Spanish
. A lot of the foods in the Philippines can also be found in
Mexico
. Filipinos, as a tradition, usually eat with their hands, like that of
Malay
tradition. And most of Filipino cuisine is also of
Malay
influence for the most part.
[24]
Each year major festivities called
barrio fiestas
are held. They commemorate the Patron saints of the towns, villages and regional districts. The festivities includes church services, street parades, fireworks displays, feasts, dance/music contests, and cockfights.
Circumcision
of males is a tradition and a big cultural event called
Tuli
, nearly 91.7% are circumcised.
[25]
Most of the people in the Philippines are
Christians
. About 92% of the people are Christians. Most people in the Philippines belong to the
Roman Catholic
faith (70%). A sizable percentage of the people are
Protestants
(many diverse Christian denominations) (17%),
Iglesia ni Cristo
(2%),
Muslims
(5-10%),
Buddhists
(2%). There are also some
Hindus
and some other minor religions with fewer adherents (6.6%).
- ↑
"Republic act no. 8491"
. Republic of the Philippines. Archived from
the original
on March 8, 2014
. Retrieved
March 8,
2014
.
- ↑
"Philippine Population Density (Based on the 2015 Census of Population)"
. September 1, 2016.
- ↑
"World Development Indicators"
.
databank.worldbank.org
.
- ↑
"East & Southeast Asia :: Philippines"
.
The World Factbook
. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. October 28, 2009. Archived from
the original
on July 19, 2015
. Retrieved
November 7,
2009
.
- ↑
"Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population"
.
www.psa.gov.ph
. Philippine Statistics Authority.
- ↑
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
"IMF Philippines"
.
International Monetary Fund
.
- ↑
"Gini Index"
. World Bank
. Retrieved
March 2,
2011
.
- ↑
"Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical update"
(PDF)
. United Nations Development Programme. September 15, 2018
. Retrieved
September 15,
2018
.
- ↑
Lucas, Brian (August 2005).
"Which side of the road do they drive on?"
. Retrieved
February 22,
2009
.
- ↑
"Presidential Decree No. 940, s. 1976"
. Manila: Malacanang. Archived from
the original
on April 5, 2019
. Retrieved
April 4,
2015
.
- ↑
"Quezon City Local Government ? Background"
. Quezon City Local Government. Archived from
the original
on August 20, 2020
. Retrieved
August 25,
2020
.
- ↑
"Executive Order No. 34, s. 1945"
. Manila: Malacanang. Archived from
the original
on November 12, 2017
. Retrieved
February 9,
2021
.
- ↑
Lucas, Brian (August 2005).
"Which side of the road do they drive on?"
. Retrieved
February 22,
2009
.
- ↑
14.0
14.1
14.2
"History of the Philippines"
. California State University at Bakersfield
. Retrieved
September 20,
2022
.
- ↑
Office of the Historian.
"The Spanish-American War, 1898"
.
United States Department of State
. Retrieved
September 20,
2022
.
- ↑
16.0
16.1
16.2
Office of the Historian.
"The Philippine-American War, 1899?1902"
.
United States Department of State
. Retrieved
September 20,
2022
.
- ↑
"1898-1933: America's Colony"
. PBS
. Retrieved
September 20,
2022
.
- ↑
18.0
18.1
18.2
18.3
"1934-1964: War and Independence"
. PBS
. Retrieved
September 20,
2022
.
- ↑
19.0
19.1
"1965-1986: The Marcos Years"
. PBS
. Retrieved
September 20,
2022
.
- ↑
"1987-2003: Reform and Rebellion"
. PBS
. Retrieved
September 20,
2022
.
- ↑
"WWF Philippines office - WWF"
.
wwf.panda.org
.
- ↑
"Report for selected countries and subjects"
.
www.imf.org
.
- ↑
"The Spaniards as Colonial Masters in the Philippines"
.
www.philippine-history.org
.
- ↑
"Archived copy"
. Archived from
the original
on 2012-02-03
. Retrieved
2012-02-18
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link
)
- ↑
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/219779/
[
permanent dead link
]
tuli-a-rite-of-passage-for-filipino-boys/story/