????????

????? ???????????
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ကုလသမဂ္ဂ Arabic: منظمة الأمم المتحدة‎ Chinese: 联合国组织 French: Organisation des Nations unies Russian: Организация Объединённых Наций Spanish: Organización de las Naciones Unidas အလာံ
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ကုလသမဂ္ဂ Arabic: منظمة الأمم المتحدة‎ Chinese: 联合国组织 French: Organisation des Nations unies Russian: Организация Объединённых Наций Spanish: Organización de las Naciones Unidas တဆိပ်
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ဗီုတိ ဍုင်ကောန်ဂကောံ ကုလသမဂ္ဂ [lower-alpha     ၁]
????? ?????????????? ???????? [lower-alpha     ?]
???????? ??????????? (???????? ??????)
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??????? ????? ??????????????
?????????? ??? ????
? ??????????????
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? ????????????
Antonio Guterres
? Deputy Secretary-General
Amina J. Mohammed
? General Assembly President
Tijjani Muhammad-Bande
? Economic and Social Council President
Mona Juul
? Security Council President
Dang Dinh Quy
????
? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????
?? ?????? ???? (?? ???? ?????????)  ( ????-??-26 )
? ??????? ??????????
?? ????????? ???? (?? ???? ?????????)  ( ????-??-24 )

???????? ( ????????? : United Nations ) ??? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? [?] ??????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? (international territory) ??????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ??????? (Geneva) (??????????)? ???????? (Nairobi) (??????) ?????? (Vienna) (?????????????) ????? ???????? (The Hague) (????????????)?

??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????????????? (League of Nations)?? [?] ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? (San Francisco) ???? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???? ????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ????????????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????? (sustainable development) ????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?? [?] ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? [?] ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????

?????????? ????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? (Cold War) ???? ?????????????????? ????? ?????????????????????????? ????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? (???????????????)?? [?] ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????? (United Nations Trusteeship Council) ??? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? [?] ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????????????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????????? [?]

??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????? - ???????????? (??????????????) (General Assembly)? ????????????? (Security Council)? ???????????????????? ????? ?????????? (Economic and Social Council - (ECOSOC))? ???????????????? (Trusteeship Council)? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ???????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? (World Bank Group)? ??????????????????????? (World Health Organization)? ????????? ????????????? (World Food Programme)? ?????????? (UNESCO)? ????? ???????? (UNICEF)????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? (Secretary-General)??? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? (Antonio Guterres)??? ???????????????? ??????????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????????

??? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

?????????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? (International Committee of the Red Cross) ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????????????? [??] ???????? ???? ??????????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????? Woodrow Wilson ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????????????????? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ??????????????????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????????? (Central Powers) ????????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????-??????? ??????????? (Versailles) ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???????????????/??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? (League of Nations) ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????????? (Treaty of Versailles) ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? [??] ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? (?????????) ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????????? [??] ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????-????????????? ????? (Second Italo-Ethiopian War) ??????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? (Benito Mussolini) ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? [??] ????? ????? ????????????????????? ????? ??? ??????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????????

??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? (Czechoslovakia)?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????? [??] ?????? ?????????????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????

???? "????????? ??????????????? ????????" ???? ?????????? ??????????????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

1943 sketch by Franklin Roosevelt of the UN original three branches: The Four Policemen , an executive branch, and an international assembly of forty UN member states

????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????? (United States Department of State) ???????? [??] ???? "????????? ??????????????? ????????"??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? (Franklin D. Roosevelt)? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? (Prime Minister Winston Churchill) ????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????? (Harry Hopkins) ????? ??????? ??????????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????????????????? ??? ???????????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????? "????????"??? ?????????????????????? ???????????????/???????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?? [??] ???????????? ????????? (Roosevelt) ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????? United Nations (????????)? [lower-alpha     ?] ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????? (President Roosevelt)? ????????????????????? ???????? (Prime Minister Churchill)? ????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????? (Maxim Litvinov of the USSR) ????? ?????????? ?????????? (T. V. Soong of China) ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? [??] ??????? ???????? ???? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? [??] [??] ?????? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????????????????? [??]

????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????

???????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????????? -

????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ????? ?????????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????????

?????????????? ????? ??????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????

??????????? -

  1. ???????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? (Tripartite Pact) (???? ????????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????)??? ??????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  2. ???????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????

????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????

?  The Washington Conference 1941?1942

???????????????????? ??????? "????????" ??? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????????? [??]

???????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

The UN in 1945: founding members in light blue, protectorates and territories of the founding members in dark blue

??????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????/???????? ??????????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? (Dumbarton Oaks Conference) ??????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? [??] [??] [??] ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ? ?? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? [??] [??] [??] "???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????????? Anthony Eden ?????????? Edward Stettinius ????????????????????? T. V. Soong ??????????? ????? Vyacheslav Molotov ????????????????????? [??] ???????? ????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ?????????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? [??]

???????? ??????? ???????? ???? (General Assembly) ?????????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ?????????? [lower-alpha     ?] ??? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? Methodist Central Hall, Westminster, London ???????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? [??] ???????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ? ????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? [??] ??????????????????? ????????? Trygve Lie ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????? [??]

??????????????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

Dag Hammarskjold was a particularly active Secretary-General from 1953 until his death in 1961.

?????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????????? ??? ????????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? [??] ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????? [??] [??] ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? [??]

???? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????? ????? ??????????? [??] ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? Ralph Bunche ??????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? [??] ???????? ? ????????? ???? ??????????????????????? ???????? (UN peacekeeping force) ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? (Suez Crisis)? [??] ??? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????? [??]

???????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? - (?) ???????????? (General Assembly)?
(?) ????????????? (Security Council)?
(?) ?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? (Economic and Social Council) (ECOSOC)?
(?) ??????? ????????? ?????? (International Court of Justice)? ?????
(?) ??????????????? ???????? ????? (UN Secretariat) [??]
?????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????????????? (Trusteeship Council) ???? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? (Palau) ?????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????????? [??]

???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? [??] ???????????????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? [??] ??????????, [??] ????? ???????? ?? [??] ?????????????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? [??] ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? (Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations) ??? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????????????? [??]

???? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? [??] ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????????????????? [??]

???????? ????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? "?????? ????????" ( Noblemaire principle ) ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????? [??] [??] ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????? ????????? [??] [??]

Principal organs of the United Nations   [??]
UN General Assembly
—  Deliberative assembly of all UN member states — 		UN Secretariat
— Administrative organ of the UN — 		International Court of Justice
— Universal court for international law  —
UN General Assembly hall
Headquarters of the UN in New York City
International Court of Justice
  • May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states or suggestions to the Security Council (UNSC);
  • Decides on the admission of new members, following proposal by the UNSC;
  • Adopts the budget;
  • Elects the non-permanent members of the UNSC; all members of ECOSOC; the UN Secretary General (following his/her proposal by the UNSC); and the fifteen judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Each country has one vote.
  • Supports the other UN bodies administratively (for example, in the organization of conferences, the writing of reports and studies and the preparation of the budget);
  • Its chairperson ? the UN Secretary General  ? is elected by the General Assembly for a five-year mandate and is the UN's foremost representative.
  • Decides disputes between states that recognize its jurisdiction;
  • Issues legal opinions;
  • Renders judgment by relative majority . Its fifteen judges are elected by the UN General Assembly for nine-year terms.
UN Security Council
— For international security issues — 		UN Economic and Social Council
— For global economic and social affairs — 		UN Trusteeship Council
— For administering trust territories ( currently inactive ) —
UN security council
UN Economic and Social Council
UN Trusteeship Council
  • Responsible for co-operation between states as regards economic and social matters;
  • Co-ordinates co-operation between the UN's numerous specialized agencies ;
  • Has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly to serve staggered three-year mandates.
  • Was originally designed to manage colonial possessions that were former League of Nations mandates ;
  • Has been inactive since 1994, when Palau , the last trust territory, attained independence.

???????????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

Mikhail Gorbachev , Soviet general secretary, addressing the UN General Assembly in December 1988

???????????? ??? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? [??] ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ????? ????????????????????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ??-????? ?? ???? [??] ???????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? (Methodist Central Hall) ??????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?? ?????? [??]

???????? ???????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????????????? [??] [??] ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????????? ???? ????????????? ?? [??]

?????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? [??]

?????????? ?????????????? -

??????? ???????? ??????????????????? -

  • ?????? ???? (General Committee) ? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ??-????? ???????? ???????????
  • ?????? ?????? (Credentials Committee) ? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????

????????????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

??????????????? - ?????????????
Colin Powell , the US Secretary of State , demonstrates a vial with alleged Iraqi chemical weapon probes to the UN Security Council on Iraq war hearings, 5 February 2003

????????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????? "recommendations" ??????????????????????????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ?? ?? [??] ?????????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? [??]

????????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?????????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? - ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????/???????? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? (??????? ????????????????)?? [??] ???????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? (veto power) ?????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? [??] ???? ????? ????????????? ??? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? [??]

??? ???????????? ???????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

Current secretary-general , Antonio Guterres

???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????????????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? [??] ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ???????????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????????????????? [??]

??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ( de facto ) ????? ???????????????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? "?????????????? ????????? ?????" ??????? [??] ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????? ????? [??] ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????? [??]

??????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ???????????????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ??????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? [??] ???????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? (Antonio Guterres) ?????????????????? ???? ???? ??-????? (Ban Ki-moon) ?????? ???? ??

???????????? ??????????????? [??]
No. ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????
1 Trygve Lie   Norway 2 February 1946 10 November 1952 ???????
2 Dag Hammarskjold   Sweden 10 April 1953 18 September 1961 ???? ????????????
3 U Thant   Burma 30 November 1961 31 December 1971 ????????????? ?????????????
4 Kurt Waldheim   Austria 1 January 1972 31 December 1981
5 Javier Perez de Cuellar   Peru 1 January 1982 31 December 1991
6 Boutros Boutros-Ghali   Egypt 1 January 1992 31 December 1996 ?????? ???????? ??????????
7 Kofi Annan   Ghana 1 January 1997 31 December 2006
8 Ban Ki-moon   South Korea 1 January 2007 31 December 2016
9 Antonio Guterres   Portugal 1 January 2017 Incumbent

??????? ????????? ?????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

??????????????? - ??????? ????????? ??????
The court ruled that Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia in 2008 did not violate international law.

??????? ????????? ?????? (ICJ) ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????????????? (Permanent Court of International Justice)?? ???????????????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????? (???????? ??????? ??????? ??????)? [??] [??]

?????????? ???????????? ??????????????????? (Peace Palace) ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????????????????? ??????? (Hague Academy of International Law) ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????? [??] ???? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? [??] ????????? ???????? ????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????

?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

???????????????? ????? ?????????? (ECOSOC) ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????? [??] [??] ??????? ???????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? [??] [??]

??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? (United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues) ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? (??) ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? (United Nations Forum on Forests) ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????? (United Nations Statistical Commission) ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????????????????????????????? (Commission on Sustainable Development) ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????? [??] ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ?.??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? [??]

????????? ???????????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????????? [??] ????????? ????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????? (International Atomic Energy Agency)? ???????????? ????? ??? (Food and Agriculture Organization) ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? (??????????)(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)? ?????????? (World Bank) ????? ??????????????????????? (World Health Organization) ????? ???? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????? [??]

????? ????? ????????? ???????????????
????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????
1 FAO Food and Agriculture Organization Italy Rome , Italy Brazil Jose Graziano da Silva 1945
2 IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Austria Vienna , Austria Japan Yukiya Amano 1957
3 ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization Canada Montreal, Quebec , Canada China Fang Liu 1947
4 IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development Italy Rome , Italy Nigeria Kanayo F. Nwanze 1977
5 ILO International Labour Organization Switzerland Geneva , Switzerland United Kingdom Guy Ryder 1946 (1919)
6 IMO International Maritime Organization United Kingdom London , United Kingdom South Korea Kitack Lim 1948
7 IMF International Monetary Fund United States Washington, D.C. , United States France Christine Lagarde 1945 (1944)
8 ITU International Telecommunication Union Switzerland Geneva , Switzerland China Houlin Zhao 1947 (1865)
9 UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization France Paris , France France Audrey Azoulay 1946
10 UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization Austria Vienna , Austria China Li Yong 1967
11 UNWTO World Tourism Organization Spain Madrid , Spain Jordan Taleb Rifai 1974
12 UPU Universal Postal Union Switzerland Bern , Switzerland Kenya Bishar Abdirahman Hussein 1947 (1874)
13 WBG World Bank Group United States Washington, D.C. , United States United States David Malpass (President)
Bulgaria Kristalina Georgieva (CEO) 		1945 (1944)
14 WFP World Food Programme Italy Rome , Italy United States David Beasley 1963
15 WHO World Health Organization Switzerland Geneva , Switzerland Ethiopia Tedros Adhanom 1948
16 WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization Switzerland Geneva , Switzerland Australia Francis Gurry 1974
17 WMO World Meteorological Organization Switzerland Geneva , Switzerland Finland Petteri Taalas (Secretary-General)
France Michel Jarraud (President) 		1950 (1873)

????? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????????????????? ????????? ????-???? [??]
Member state Contribution
(% of UN budget)
  United States
??.???
  China
??.???
  Japan
?.???
  Germany
?.???
  United Kingdom
?.???
  France
?.???
  Italy
?.???
  Brazil
?.???
  Canada
?.???
  Russia
?.???
  South Korea
?.???
  Australia
?.???
  Spain
?.???
  Turkey
?.???
  Netherlands
?.???
  Mexico
?.???
  Saudi Arabia
?.???
   Switzerland
?.???
  Argentina
?.???
  Sweden
?.???
  India
?.???
  Belgium
?.???
  Poland
?.???
  Algeria
?.???
  Norway
?.???

??????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? [??] ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????-?? ??? ????????? $5.512 ?????????? [??]

?????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ???????????????????????? ????? ??% ??? ????????? ??%? [??] ???????????????????????? (least developed countries) (LDCs), ??? ??????? ?.??% ?? [??]

???? ??????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????? ????? ?????????? [??] ???????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????-?? ??? ??????? $8.27 ????????? ??????????????? 82,318 ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? [??]

??????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????? (UNICEF) ????? ???????????????????? (World Food Programme) ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????? [??] [??]

???? [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

  1. ↑ The World Today (PDF). Retrieved on 18 June 2009 ? “The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country”
  2. ↑ Official Languages Archived ?? ??????? ???? at the Wayback Machine , www.un.org. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  3. ↑ Charter of UN Chapter I (in en) (2015-06-17).
  4. ↑ Nat Geo UN (2012-12-23).
  5. ↑ UN Objectives (in en).
  6. ↑ UN welcomes South Sudan as 193rd Member State . United Nations (28 June 2006). Retrieved on 4 November 2011 ?
  7. ↑ UN Early years of the Cold War .
  8. ↑ UN Decolonization (2016-02-10).
  9. ↑ Post Cold War UN .
  10. ↑ " Red Cross-History-Objective " (2017-09-11). International Committee of the Red Cross .  
  11. ↑ League of Nations instituted .
  12. ↑ League of Nations and Manchuria invasion .
  13. ↑ League of Nations and Italo-Ethiopian War .
  14. ↑ Why the League failed .
  15. ↑ Hoopes & Brinkley 2000 , pp. 1?55.
  16. ↑ Urquhart? Brian ? " Looking for the Sheriff "? New York Review of Books ? 16 July 1998 ? 14 February 2007 ?????????? ?????????? ?  
  17. ↑ 1942: Declaration of The United Nations . United Nations. Retrieved on 1 July 2015 ?
  18. ↑ Roll, David (4 January 2013). The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler , 172?175. ISBN 978-0199891955 ?  
  19. ↑ Sherwood 1948 , pp. 447?453.
  20. ↑ Osma?czyk 2004 , p. 2445.
  21. ↑ Schlesinger 2003 .
  22. ↑ Bohlen, C.E. (1973). Witness to History, 1929?1969 , 159?  
  23. ↑ Video: Allies Study Post-War Security Etc. (1944) . Universal Newsreel . 1944 . https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.39024 . Retrieved 28 November 2014 .  
  24. ↑ UN Milestone Dumbarton Oaks Conference (2015-08-04).
  25. ↑ Charter of the United Nations|United Nations (2015-08-10).
  26. ↑ History of the United Nations|United Nations (2015-08-21).
  27. ↑ " San Francisco ? the birthplace of the United Nations "?  
  28. ↑ 1945: The San Francisco Conference . United Nations. Retrieved on 1 July 2015 ?
  29. ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? UN Milestones 1941-1950 (2015-08-04).
  30. ↑ Grant 2009 , pp. 25?26.
  31. ↑ Poland and the United Nations . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. Retrieved on 29 November 2013 ?
  32. ↑ Fomerand 2009 , pp. 149?151.
  33. ↑ Meisler 1995 , p. 35.
  34. ↑ Meisler 1995 , pp. 58?59.
  35. ↑ UN Milestones Korean War (2015-08-04).
  36. ↑ Creation of Israel (2011-11-29).
  37. ↑ Meisler 1995 , pp. 51?54.
  38. ↑ UN Milestones 1951-1960 (2015-08-06).
  39. ↑ Meisler 1995 , pp. 114.
  40. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , pp. 3?4.
  41. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , p. 8.
  42. ↑ United Nations Visitors Centre . United Nations (2017). Retrieved on 2 November 2017 ?
  43. ↑ United Nations Office at Geneva . United Nations Office at Geneva. Retrieved on 6 November 2013 ?
  44. ↑ Welcome to the United Nations Office at Vienna! . United Nations Office at Vienna. Retrieved on 6 November 2013 ?
  45. ↑ Welcome to the United Nations Office at Nairobi . United Nations Office at Nairobi. Retrieved on 6 November 2013 ?
  46. ↑ General Assembly of the United Nations ? Rules of Procedure . UN Department for General Assembly. Retrieved on 15 December 2010 ?
  47. ↑ Jerusalem Court: No Immunity for UN Employee for Private Acts?Diplomatic/Consular Law and Sovereign Immunity in Israel . Diplomaticlaw.com (23 March 2009). Archived from the original on 28 June 2012 ? Retrieved on 27 April 2010 ?
  48. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , p. 4.
  49. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , pp. 4?7.
  50. ↑ ??.? ??.? Salaries Archived ? ??????? ???? at the Wayback Machine , United Nations website
  51. ↑ ILO: Noblemaire principle Archived ?? ??????? ???? at the Wayback Machine , Judgement 986, consideration 7, and Judgment 831, Consideration 1.
  52. ↑ Americans Working at the U.N Archived ?? ???? ???? at the Wayback Machine , World, New York Times, 28 September 2009
  53. ↑ UN Charter: Chapter III . United Nations. Retrieved on 2 November 2017 ?
  54. ↑ ??.? ??.? Fomerand 2009 , pp. 131?133.
  55. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , pp. 69?70.
  56. ↑ Main Organs (2014-11-18). Retrieved on 21 November 2018 ?
  57. ↑ General Assembly of the United Nations: Rules of Procedure: XII ? Plenary Meetings . United Nations. Retrieved on 4 December 2013 ? “Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 c of Article 86 of the Charter, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.”
  58. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , pp. 70?73.
  59. ↑ United Nations Charter: Chapter V . United Nations (2015-06-17). Retrieved on 2 November 2017 ?
  60. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , pp. 39?43.
  61. ↑ Members of the United Nations Security Council . United Nations. Retrieved on 26 August 2018 ?
  62. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , pp. 40?41.
  63. ↑ Security Council Presidency in 2017 . United Nations. Retrieved on 2 November 2017 ?
  64. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , p. 21.
  65. ↑ Fomerand 2009 , p. 285.
  66. ↑ United Nations Charter: Chapter XV . United Nations (2015-06-17). Retrieved on 2 November 2017 ?
  67. ↑ Meisler 1995 , pp. 31?32.
  68. ↑ Kennedy 2007 , pp. 59?62.
  69. ↑ Appointment Process . United Nations (2015-04-22). Retrieved on 2 November 2017 ?
  70. ↑ Former Secretaries-General . United Nations. Retrieved on 6 November 2013 ?
  71. ↑ ??.? ??.? Fomerand 2009 , p. 183.
  72. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , pp. 100?101.
  73. ↑ The Court . International Court of Justice. Retrieved on 2 November 2017 ?
  74. ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? Fomerand 2009 , pp. 103?104.
  75. ↑ About ECOSOC . ECOSOC. Retrieved on 5 November 2013 ?
  76. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , pp. 153?155.
  77. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , p. 156.
  78. ↑ United Nations Charter: Chapter IX . United Nations (2015-06-17). Retrieved on 2 November 2017 ?
  79. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , pp. 171?177.
  80. ↑ A/Res/73/271 - e - A/Res/73/271 .
  81. ↑ ??.? ??.? Fifth Committee Approves Assessment Scale for Regular, Peacekeeping Budgets, Texts on Common System, Pension Fund, as it Concludes Session (Press Release) . United Nations (22 December 2006). Retrieved on 8 November 2013 ?
  82. ↑ Regular Budget 2012?2013 . United Nations. Retrieved on 9 November 2013 ?
  83. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , p. 117.
  84. ↑ Fasulo 2004 , p. 115.
  85. ↑ United Nations Peacekeeping Operations . United Nations (29 February 2016). Retrieved on 24 March 2016 ?
  86. ↑ Where Your Money Goes . World Food Programme. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013 ? Retrieved on 9 November 2013 ?
  87. ↑ Overall funding trends . UNICEF (21 January 2013). Archived from the original on 9 November 2013 ? Retrieved on 9 November 2013 ?


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