I
India
dia firenena ao
Azia Atsimo
, i
New Delhi
no renivohiny ary i
Bombay
no tanan-dehibe be mponina indrindra ao.
Ny anaram-
pirenena
hoe
India
dia avy amin' ny
fiteny persana
hoe
Sindhu
, izay anarana persanan' ny
renirano
Indus
amin' ny fiteny
sanskrity
. Ny anarana ofisialy dia mampiasa ny teny hoe
Bharat
(mpanjaka hindoa niaina taona taloha). Ny anarany fahatelo hoe
Hindustan
("
tanin' ny Hindoa
" amin' ny fiteny persana) dia niasa tamin' ny taonan' ny
Empira Mogoly
, io teny hoe
Hindustan
io dia tsy ofisialy intsony ankehitriny fa ampiasaina matetika rehefa miresaka an' i India.
I India no
firenena
be mponina indrindra aorian' i
Sina
. Misy
fiteny ofisialy
roapolo mahery eken' ny lalam-panorenana nyh any India. Ny fitenim-pirenena dia ny
fiteny hindy
.
Mivelatra amin' ny halavana 7 000 km i India. Mizara sisintany amin' i
Pakistana
izy any andrefana, sy i
Sina
, i
Nepaly
, i
Botana
izy any avaratra. I
Bangladesa
sy i
Mianmara
any atsinanana. Eo amin' ny
Ranomasimbe Indianina
, tsy lavitry ny
Repoblikan' i Maldiva
(any atsimo-andrefana), i
Seilana
(any atsimo-atsinanana). Mizara sisintany amin' i
Afganistana
koa i India any avaratra-atsinanany.
Teo amin' ny tanin' i India no misy ny sivilizasiona antitra indrindra eto an-tany. Maro ny
fivavahana
teraka tao amin' io zana-kontinenta io, toy ny
bodisma
, ny
jainisma
, ny
hindoisma
ary ny
sikisma
.
Mandritra ny taonjato roa i India dia
zanatany anglisy
; izy no zanatany britanika ngeza indrindra. Nahazo ny fahaleovan-tenany i India tamin' ny taona 1947. Tamin' io fotoana io, ny tobim-barotra (kontoara) frantsay sy portogey tao India dia naverina ho an' i India taorian' ny fahazoany ny fahaleovan-tena.
Nihanivoatra be i India tamin' ny dimy ambin' ny folo taona farany teo, indrindra tamin' ny fanombohana ny fiovana demografika nisy hatry ny taona 1991. Tamin' ny 22 Janoary 2007 dia niverina avy tany amin' ny habakabaka ny kapsily indianina tsy misy olona afaka 12 andro, izay nametraka marika siantifika sy teknika lehibe ho an' i India. Hatry ny taona 2008 dia anisan' ny hery ara-toekarena lehibe eto an-tany i India, izay nanakaiky an' i
Sina
sy i
Rosia
ary i
Brezily
; ary i India no hery ara-toekarena fahavalo eto an-tany.
Nipoitra tao India ny fiteny klasika roa (
fiteny sanskrity
sy
fiteny tamily
) misy eto amin' izao tontolo izao. Efa nampiasaina mandritry ny telo arivo taona ireo fiteny roa ireo. Namorona finoana antsoina hoe
hindoisma
ilay firenena, finoana izay mbola arahin' ny maro amin' ny Indiana amin' izao fotoana izao. Tamin' ny taona 300 tal. J.K., dia namorona ny empira sy ny Fiankohonana Maurya i Ashoka, izay nahavory ny ankamaroan' ny tanin' i
Azia Atsimo
ho anaty firenena iray. Tamin' ny taona 180 tal. J.K. dia voatafiky ny firenena maro samihafa i India na dia taty aoriana aza (100 ? 1100), dia nipoitra ireo fiankohonana indianina hafa: izay ahitana ny Chalukya, ny Chola, ny Pallava ary ny Pandya.
[1]
Tamin' izany fotoana izany dia nalaza tamin' ny siansa sy ny zavakanto ary ny asa soratra ny faritra atsimo ao India.
Maro ireo fiankohonana nanjaka tao India nandritry ny taona arivo. Anisan' ireo ny
Empira Mogaly
, ny Empira Vijayanagara ary ny Empira Maratha. Tamin' ny taona 1600 dia notafihan' ny firenena eoropeana i India, ary voazanaky ny
Britanika
tanteraka izy io nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1856 hatramin' ny taona 1947.
Taorian' ny taona 1947, i India dia nanana toekarena sosialista voalahatra. Anisan' ny firenena mpikambana nanorina ny hetsiky ny
firenena tsy momba ny atsy na ny aroa
ary ny
Firenena Mikambana
i India. Niatrika ady maro izy io taorian' ny fahaleovan-tenany tamin' ny
Fanjakana Mikambana
, anisan' izany ny ady tamin' ny taona 1957-58, 1965, 1971 ary 1999 tamin' i
Pakistana
ary ny adin' ny 1962 tamin' i
Sina
. Niady ihany koa izy io mba haka an' i Goa, izay seranana natsangan' ny
Portogey
, ary tsy azon' i India raha tsy tamin' ny taona 1961. Nanda ny Portogey ka voatery naka azy an-keriny ny Indiana. Nanao fanandramana nokleary ihany koa i India tamin' ny taona 1974 sy 1998, ary anisan' ny firenena vitsy manana fitaovam-piadiana nokleary. Anisan' ireo toekarena mitombo haingana indrindra eto an-tany ny toekaren' i India nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1991.
National symbols of the Republic of India (Official)
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National tree
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National flower
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National heritage animal
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National aquatic marine mammal
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National reptile
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National heritage mammal
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National fruit
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National temple
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National river
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National mountain
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An' i India ny ampahany be amin' ny
Zana-Kontinenta Indianina
. Miraikitra amin' i
Aostralia
ilay zana-kontintenta amin' ny resaka plaky: ny plaky
Indo-Aostralianina
. Mikasika kely ny tendrombohitra
Himalaya
ny avaratr' i India. Eo antsimon' i Himalaya dia misy saha tena mahavokatra indrindra any India: ny tany Indo-Ganjetika no anaran' izy io. Any andrefana, misy ny
tanimatin' i Thar
. Any antsimo, dia misy
lembalemba
voafaritra any avarany amin' ny
Gaty Andrefana
sy any antsinanany amin' ny
Gaty Antsinanana
.
Maro dia maro ny
fiteny any India
izay ao amin' ny
fianakaviam-piteny
maro samihafa. Ny fanisana natao tamin' ny taona 2011 dia nahitana
fiteny
miisa 270, ka ny 122 dia fiteny lehibe (be mpampiasa). Manao ny 22 amin' ireo fiteny ireo ho
fiteny ofisialy
ny lalam-panorenana indiana. Miteny
fiteny indo-ariana
ny 77 %n' ny vahoaka indiana (ka ny be mpiteny indrindra dia ny
fiteny hindy
izay fiteny nibeazan' ny olona miisa 422 tapitrisa, izany hoe 41 %n' ny mponina, sady fiteny ofisialin' ny governemanta foibe), ny 20 %n' ny mponina no miteny amin' ireo
fiteny dravidiana
. Ny fianakaviam-piteny hafa hita ao India dia ny
aostroaziatika
, ny
sino-tibetana
ary ny
tai-kaday
. Ny
fiteny anglisy
dia fiteny voalohany na faharoa safidin' ny 12 %n' ny mponina.
Ny
fiteny indo-ariana
dia sampana iray ao amin' ireo
fiteny indo-iraniana
, izay ao anatin' ny
fianakaviam-piteny indo-eoropeana
. Ao
Azia Atsimo
no tena ahitana olona maro miteny azy ireo, isan' izany ny ao India.
Fiteny indo-ariana be mpampiasa indrindra
[
hanova
|
hanova ny fango
]
Ny
fiteny hind?
dia
fitenim-pirenen
' i India. Misy 480 tapitrisa eo ho eo ny isan' ny olona miteny azy, 360 tapitrisa amin' ireo no manana ny fiteny hind? ho tenin-dreny. Amin' ny tapany avaratra amin' i India no misy ny ankabeazan' ny mpiteny hind?. Ny
fiteny ordo
dia mitovitovy amin' ny
fiteny hindy
ihany.
Ny
fiteny bengaly
dia fiteny tenenina indrindra any India atsinanana, nefa tenenina koa any
Bangladesy
, anisan' ny teny ofisialin' i India, indrindra any amin' ny faritan' i
Bengal Andrefana
sy any Tripura.
Ny
fiteny maraty
dia fitenin' ny olona miisa 75 tapitrisa any ho any India, indrindra ao amin' ny fanjakan' i
Maharashtra
sy
Goa
. Ny fiteny maraty dia iray amin' ireo fiteny ofisialy any India.
Anisan' ireo fiteny indo-ariana be mpapiasa ao India koa ny
fiteny gojaraty
sy ny
fiteny odia
(na oria) ary ny
fiteny penjaby
. Ny
fiteny gojaraty
no fitenin' ny tompontanin' i
Gujarat
, izay ampiasain' ny olona miisa 46 tapitrisa any India sy maneran-tany.
Ny
fiteny dravidiana
dia
fianakaviam-piteny
ahitana
fiteny
miisa 30 any ho any izay samy avy ao India avokoa, ka tenenina indrindra ao atsimon' i India. Ny tena be mpampiasa dia ny
fiteny telogo
, ny
fiteny tamily
, ny
fiteny malaialama
ary ny
fiteny kanada
.
Fiteny dravidiana be mpiteny indrindra
[
hanova
|
hanova ny fango
]
Ny
fiteny telogo
dia fitenin' ny olona miisa 70 tapitrisa any ho any, tenenina indrindra any amin' ny faritra
Andhra Pradesh
, izay manao azy ho fiteny ofisialy io. Fiteny ofisialy ihany koa izy any amin' ny faritra Karnataka sy Maharashtra ary any Orissa.
Ny
fiteny tamily
dia fiteny ofisialin' i
Tamil Nadu
sy ny tananan' i
Pondichery
ary Karikal.
Anisan' ny fiteny dravidiana be mpiteny koa ny
fiteny kanada
sy ny
fiteny malaialama
. Ny fiteny kanada dia fiteny any amin' ny tapany atsimon' i India, fiteny ofisialin' i
Karnataka
, ampiasain' ny olona miisa 45 tapitrisa any ho any. Ny fiteny malaialama dia anisan' ny fiteny tenenina any amin' ny tapany atsimon' i India koa, fiteny ofisialin' ny faritany mizakatenan' i
Kerala
, fiteny ofisialy ao amin' ny faritan' i Lakshadweep sy any
Pondicherry
, fiteny ofisialin' i India ihany koa, izay misy mpiteny miisa 35,9 tapitrisa any ho any.
Ireo fianakaviam-piteny sy vondrom-piteny hafa
[
hanova
|
hanova ny fango
]
Ny
fiteny aostroaziatika
dia fianakaviam-piteny any
Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana
sy ao amin' ny faritra atsinanana any India. Miisa 10 tapitrisa ny mpiteny aostroaziatika any India, 6 tapitrisa ny mpiteny
sino-tibetana
, izany hoe 3 %n' ny mponina. Anisan' ny fiteny aostroneziatika ny
fiteny kasy
(
khasi
) sy ny
fiteny monda
(
munda
) ary ny
fiteny santaly
(
santali
). Anisany ireo fiteny ao amin' ireo nosy
Nicobar
. Ankoatry ny fiteny kasy sy ny fiteny santaly dia fiteny tandindomin-doza ny fiteny aostroaziatika hafa ao India.
Ny
fiteny sino-tibetana
dia
fianakaviam-piteny
any
Azia Atsinanana
sy
Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana
sy
Azia Afovoany
ary
Azia Atsimo
, izay misy mpiteny koa any India.
Ny
fiteny tai-kaday
dia
fianakaviam-piteny
tenenina ao amin' ny saikanosin' i
Indosina
sy any amin' ny faritra atsimo ao
Sina
, izay misy mpiteny koa any India.
Ny
fiteny any Andamana
dia vondrom-piteny ao amin' ny
nosy Andamana
tenenin' ny tompon-tany
andamaney
. Misy vondrona roa ao amin' izany fianakaviam-piteny izany, dia ny fiteny andamaney lehibe sy ny fiteny andamaney avaratra.
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"South India". Suni System Ltd.. 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-19.