헤센다름슈타트 方伯國
(
獨逸語
:
Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt
)은
神聖 로마 帝國
의
國家
였으며,
헤센가
의 젊은 分派에 依해 統治되었다. 이는
方伯
필리프 1歲
의 네 아들 사이에
헤센 方伯國
이 分割된 後 1567年에 形成되었다.
方伯의 居住地는
다름슈타트
에 있었기 때문에 이름이 붙여졌다.
나폴레옹 戰爭
의 結果로, 1806年 帝國이 解體되면서 白菊은
헤센 大公國
으로 昇格되었다.
지리
[
編輯
]
이 地域은 다름슈타트의 居住地와 北部 헤센주를 包含하는 南部
슈打켄부르크
地域으로 構成되어 있었고
알스펠트
,
기센
,
그륀베르크
,
힌털란드
北西部
글라덴바흐
,
비덴코프
,
바텐베르크
周邊의 私有地와
露語헤센
에 있는
볼
의 居住地가 있었다.
歷史
[
編輯
]
| 이 文壇에는 韓國語로
飜譯
되지 않은 內容이 담겨 있습니다.
이 文壇은 韓國語가 아닌 言語로 作成되었습니다. 該當 言語 使用者들만 理解할 수 있는 內容이라면, 그 言語에 該當하는
위키百科 판
에 寄與해 주세요.
(
2023年 11月 11日
)
|
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt came into existence in 1567, when
George
, youngest of the four sons of Landgrave Philip I "the Magnanimous", received the Hessian lands in the former upper
County of Katzenelnbogen
. His eldest brother
William IV
received the
Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
, while the second son
Louis IV
obtained
Hesse-Marburg
, and the third
Philipp II
became Landgrave of
Hesse-Rheinfels
.
헤센 戰爭
[
編輯
]
The Hesse-Rheinfels line became extinct on Philip's death in 1583. When, in 1604, the childless Landgrave Louis IV of Hesse-Marburg died at
Marburg Castle
, a succession dispute to his lands, along with the sectarian differences between
Calvinist
Hesse-Kassel and
Lutheran
Hesse-Darmstadt, led to a bitter, decades-long rivalry. Because the
University of Marburg
had become Calvinist under the rule of Landgrave
Maurice of Hesse-Kassel
, his cousin
Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt
founded the Lutheran
University of Giessen
in 1607.
The inheritance conflict was continued in the broader contest of the
Thirty Years' War
, in which Hesse-Kassel sided with the Protestant estates and Hesse-Darmstadt sided with the
Habsburg
emperor. The
Hesse-Homburg
and
Hesse-Rotenburg
estates seceded from the opponents in 1622 and 1627. Though Hesse-Darmstadt and Hesse-Kassel reached an agreement in 1627, the quarrels rekindled, resulting
inter alia
in the
Siege of Dorsten
and culminating in a series of open battles from 1645, when the Kassel Landgravine
Amalie Elisabeth
besieged Marburg. The conflict was finally settled on the eve of the 1648
Peace of Westphalia
, more than eighty years after the division of the estates. Large parts of the disputed
Upper Hesse
territory including Marburg fell to the elder Kassel line, while Hesse-Darmstadt retained
Giessen
and
Biedenkopf
.
18世紀~19世紀
[
編輯
]
In 1736, the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt inherited the estates of the extinct Counts of
Hanau-Lichtenberg
, again contested by their Kassel cousins. Hesse-Darmstadt gained a great deal of territory by the secularizations and mediatizations authorized by the
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
of 1803. Most notable was the acquisition of the
Duchy of Westphalia
, formerly owned by the
Prince-Archbishop of Cologne
, as well as territories from the
Prince-Archbishop of Mainz
and the
Prince-Bishop of Worms
.
In 1806, upon the dissolution of the
Holy Roman Empire
and the dispossession of his cousin, Elector
William I of Hesse-Kassel
, Landgrave
Louis X
joined the Napoleonic
Confederation of the Rhine
and took the title of
Grand Duke of Hesse
.
갤러리
[
編輯
]
-
7年 戰爭
當時 使用된 軍 連帶의 旗발
(國旗는 存在하지 않거나 漏落된 것도 있다.)
-
文章 (1736年 ~ 1804年)
같이 보기
[
編輯
]
外部 링크
[
編輯
]