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마르틴 켐니츠
(Martin Chemnitz, 1522年 11月 9日~1586年 4月 8日)는
獨逸
의 著名한 第 2世代
루터란
神學者이며
宗敎 改革家
이다.
[1]
루터란 傳統속에서 그는 第 2의
마르틴 루터
로 알려져 있다.
[2]
禮拜에 關하여
[3]
[
編輯
]
그는 工藝배에 對하여 사람이 定한 行事가 大體 할 수 없는 理由에 對하여 여덟가지로 整理하였다.
- 行事는 하나님으로부터 온 機關을 갖고 있지 않다.
- 聖者께서는 敎會가 成禮 以外에 다른 어떤 行事를 添加할 수 있도록 許容하지 않았다.
- 사람이 만든 行事의 起源은 하나님에 依해 定해진 禮拜에 아름다움을 添加하려는 것이므로, 하나님이 定해 주신 禮拜의 單純함이 不充分하다는 것이므로, 이것은 받아들일 수 없는 結論이다.
- 사람이 만든 行事의 자랑과 光彩는 하나님에 依해 미리 定해진 禮拜를 不分明하게 만든다.
- 로마가톨릭의 미사는 意圖的으로, 하나님으로부터의 말씀과 約束과는 別途의 祝福을 附與한다.
- 一般人의 눈에는 사람이 考案한 行事가 하나님에 依해 直接 定해진 禮拜와 同等하다고 여겨지므로, 이것은 받아들일 수 없는 結論이다.
- 古代 敎會에서 行해졌던 많은 意識들은 必須가 아니라 選擇事項이었다.
- 敎會에서 사람들은 하나님에 依해 命令된 禮拜와 사람이 만든 것과 混同한다. 그러므로 結局 하나님의 말씀의 權威를 破壞하게 된다.
作品
[
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]
自敍傳
[
編輯
]
- Martin Chemnitii einhandige Lebens-Beschreibung. Nebst denen ihm zu Braunschweig gesetzen Epitaphiis [Martin Chemnitz's Submitted Life-Description {Autobiography}. Together with the Epitaphs Erected to Him in Braunschweig]
. 1719. Translated into English as
An Autobiography of Martin Chemnitz
.
A.L. Graebner, trans.
Theological Quarterly
, vol. 3, no. 4 (1899).
敎會치리
[
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]
- Brevis et Simplex Forma Examinis de Praecipuis Doctrinae Caelestis Capitibus [Brief and Simple Form of Examination concerning the Principal Chapters of Celestial Doctrine].
1571.
[4]
- Kirchen-Ordnung, wie es mit Lehr und Ceremonien des Furstenthums-Braunschweig [Church Order, As to Doctrine and Ceremonies, of the Duchy of Braunschweig]
. 1569.
- Ministry, Word, and Sacraments: An Enchiridion.
Luther Poellot, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1981. (Originally published in 1593 [German] and 1603 [Latin] as
Enchiridion D. Martini Chemnitii
.)
- Ein Schone vnnd richtige Form zu beichten [A Good and Proper Form for Confess{ing} {One's Sins}].
1603.
信仰告白書
[
編輯
]
- Acta formulae concordiae in Bergensi coenobio prope Magdeburgum [Records of the
Formula of Concord
in Bergen Abbey near Magdeburg]
. 1707 with Nicholas Selnecker. (The deliberations of the writers of the
Formula of Concord
to finalize that document).
- Apologia, oder Verantwortung de? Christlichen ConcordienBuchs
, which appeared in Latin translation as
Apologia libri Christianae concordiae
[literally: Apology of the Christian Book of Concord]
. with Timothy Kirchner and Nicolaus Selneccer, 1583. (known as
The Apology of the
Formula of Concord
)
- Christliches Bedenken auf Doct. Majors Repetitio und endliche Erklarung belangend den Streit [Christian Reflections on Dr. Major's {work}, "Repetitio," and Finally {an} Explanation As Far As the Controversy Is Concerned]
. 1568.
- Confessio ministeri Saxoni Konfession und Erklarung [Confession of the Ministers of Saxony: Confession and Explanation]
. 1571. (Text in German).
- Corpus doctrinae Prutenicum [The Prussian Body of Doctrine]
. 1568. (An Anthology of Lutheran Statements of Faith for the German domain of Prussia)
- Corpus doctrinae Julium [The {Duke} Julius Body of Doctrine]
. 1576. (An Anthology of Lutheran Statements of Faith for Duke Julius's Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel).
- Formulae Recte Sentiendi de Praecipuis Horum Temporum Controversiis [Forms of Thinking Correctly concerning the Chief Controversies of These Times]
. 1576 (Found in the
Corpus Doctrinae Wilhelminum
and the
Corpus Doctrinae Iulium
).
- Judicium de Controversiis qvibusdam circa qvosdam A.C. articulos.
1594. Also known as:
De Controversiis quibusdam, quae superiori tempore circa quosdam Augustanae Confessionis articulos motae agitatae sunt, Iudicium d. Martini Chemnitii
, Polycarp Leyser, ed. Wittenberg, 1594 [
Judgment on Certain Controversies concerning Certain Articles of the
Augsburg Confession
Which Have Recently Arisen and Caused Controversy
].
[5]
- Solida ac vera Confessionis Augustanae historie ... [History of the Solid and True Augsburg Confession]
with Timothy Kirchner and Nicholas Selnecker, 1585.
- Wiederholte Christi gemeine Confession der Sachischen Kirchen [Reiterated Christian General Confession of the Saxon Church].
說敎
[
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]
- Andachtige Gebete wider die Teuffel in den armen besessen Leuten [Devout Prayers against the Devil in the Poor Possessed People]
. 1596.
- Eine andere Predigt von auffrichtung Christlicher Schulen [Another Sermon on the Erecting of Christian Schools]
. 1573.
- Consilium ... de lectione patrum [Counsel ... On the Reading of the {church} Fathers]
. 1616.
- Echt evangelische aulegung de Sonn- und Festtags-evangelien des kirchenjahrs [Genuinely Evangelical Interpretation of the Sunday and Feastday Gospels of the Church Year]
. 1872?1878.
- Harmoniae Evangelicae [Harmony of the Gospels].
1593.
- Historia der Passion Christi [History of the Passion of Christ].
1590.
- Leich-Pred., Herrn Victor Beseken, gewessen Burgemeisters in Bremen [Funeral Sermon for Lord Victor Beseken, Former Mayor of
Bremen
]
1612.
- Leich-Predigt, in funere Christoph von Blanckenburg, anno 1573 gethan [Funeral Sermon, at the Burial of Christoph von Blanckenburg, given in the Year 1573]
. 1578.
- Oratio de Lectione Patrum, habita [Oration Concerning the Reading of the Fathers, Delivered ...]
. 1554.
- Oratio habita in Introductione Universitatis Juliae [{An} Oration Delivered at the Introduction of the University of {Duke} Julius].
1576
- Oratio panegyrica, das ist, Trost- und Ehren-Predigt bey des weyland ... M. Chemnitii ... Leichbestatigung [Panegyrical Oration, that is, Comforting and Honoring Sermon of M. Chemnitz at the formerly ... Burial].
1627.
- Postilla: oder Auslegung der Euangelien welche auff die Sontage, auch die furnembste Fest und Apostel Tage in der Gemeine Gottes abgelesen und erklaret werden [Postils: Or Interpretation of the Gospels, which on the Sundays, also the Foremost Feast and Apostle Days, in the Congregation of God Are Read and Explained].
1593.
- Postille, oder Erklarung der ordentlichen Sonn- und Fest-Tags Evangelien [Postil, or Explanation of the Proper Sun- and Feastdays' Gospels].
1594.
- Predigt am Sonntag Septuagesima [Sermon for Septuagesima Sunday].
1866.
- Eine Predigt bey der Einfuhrung der Julius-Universitat zu Helmstedt [A Sermon at the Introduction of the {Duke} Julius-University at Helmstedt].
[German text of
Oratio habita in Introductione Universitatis Juliae
] 1576.
- Eine Predigt uber das Evangelion Matthew 22 [A Sermon on Matthew 22].
1573.
- Ein Predigt ... uber John 3:1-15 (uber Luke 18:9-14) [A Sermon ... on John 3:1-15 (on Luke 18:9-14)].
1856?1886.
便紙
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]
- Epistola de coena Domini in tertiam Apologiam Bezae [Letter Concerning the Lord's Supper in the Third Apology of Beza].
- Epistolae Martini Chemnitii ad Matthiam Ritterum [Letters of Martin Chemnitz to Matthias Ritter].
- Prefatio Doctoris M. Chemnitij [to] Heinrich Bunting's Itineranium et Chronicon ecclesiasticum totius Sacrae Scriptureae [Preface of Doctor M{artin} Chemnitz to Heinrich Bunting's Itinerary and Ecclesiastical Chronicle of All the Holy Scriptures].
1581.
Reports and task force studies (
Gutachten
)
[
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]
- Bedencken: An justum sit, fures punire suspendie [Reflection: Whether It Be Just, to Punish Thieves By Hanging]
.
- Bedencken der Theologen zu Braunschwiegk/von dem newen Wittenbergischen Catchismo gestallet/der gantzen Christenheit zur Warnung ausgengen [Reflection of the Theologians of Braunschweig on the New Placed Wittenberg Catechism to All Christendom Sent Out As a Warning]
. 1571. (This document helped Elector August of Saxony uncover a plot to undermine the Lutheran faith of his duchy on the part of Crypto-Calvinist ministers and teachers.)
- Bedencken: Ob die Worte der Einsetzung notwendig mussen recitiret werden? [Reflection: Whether the Words of Institution {of the Lord's Supper} Must Necessarily Be Recited]
.
- Bedencken von Beruff und Enterlaubung der Predigter [Reflection on the Call and Authorization of Preachers]
.
- Bericht vom newen Baptischen Gregoriano Calendario, an den Landgraffen zu Hessen [Report on the New Papal Gregorian calendar, to the Landgrave of Hesse]
. 1584. (Chemnitz had been trained as an astrologer, and he was consulted on the advisability of adopting the new 1582
Gregorian calendar
in place of the old
Julian calendar
.)
- Bericht von Gelegenheit und Unterschiedt der Herzogstumer Schleswig und Holtzstein [Report on {the} Location and Division of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holtstein]
. 1629.
- Consilium de vitandis Calvinianis [Counsel On Avoiding Calvinists]
. 1623.
- De coelibatu judicium [Judgment Concerning
Celibacy
]
. 1623.
- Judicium de Calendario Gregoriano [Judgment concerning the
Gregorian calendar
].
- Judicium von der Nohtwehre [Judgment concerning Self-Defense].
1623.
- Monita Chemnitiana oder heilsame Erinnerungen ehmals von D. Martino Chemnitio bey solenner Einfuhrung der Julius-Universitat [Chemnitian {Chemnitz} Admonitions or Salutary Reminders Formerly by Dr. Martin Chemnitz at the Solemn Introduction of the {Duke} Julius University]
. 1716.
Scholastic disputation
[
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]
- Disputatio Theologica de Beneficiis Filii Dei, Domini, & Redemptoris nostri JESU CHRISTI, pro summis in Theologia honoribus consequendis habita [Theological Disputation Concerning the Blessings of the Son of God, Our Lord and Redeemer Jesus Christ, Held for the Highest Suitable Honors in Theology]
. 1568 (A theological disputation qualifying someone for a doctorate in theology).
Theological treatises
[
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]
- Anatome Propositionum Alberti Hardenbergii de Coena Domini [Anatomy/Dissection of the Propositions of Albert Hardenberg on the Lord's Supper]
. 1561.
- Bekantnitz von der ubiquitat [Confession on Ubiquity]
. 1623. (A document that presents Chemnitz's position on the doctrine of the omnipresence of Christ's human nature)
- De incarnatione filii Dei item de officio et maiestate Christi tractus [Treatise on the Incarnation of the Son of God, Also on the Office and Majesty of Christ]
. 1865.
- De origine Jeswitarum, et quo concilio secta illa recens instituta sit [On the Origin of the
Jesuits
, and Counsel Concerning Which That Sect Is Recently Instituted]
. 1611.
- Examination of the Council of Trent
.
Fred Kramer, trans. 4 vols. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1971-86 (Originally published in 1565-73 as
Examen Concilii Tridentini
.)
- Loci Theologici.
J. A. O. Preus
, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1989;
Justification: The Chief Article of Christian Doctrine as Expoiunded in Loci Theologici.
J.A.O Preus
, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1985 (Originally published in 1591 as
Loci Theologici
.)
- The Lord's Prayer.
Georg Williams, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1999 (Originally published in English translation as
A Svbstantial and godly exposition of the praier commonly called the Lords prayer.
Cambridge, 1598; the original Latin text, never published, has been lost).
- The Lord's Supper
.
J. A. O. Preus
, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1979. (Originally published in 1561 as
Repititio sanae doctrinae de vera praesentia corporis et sangvinis Domini in Coena
.)
- Martini Kemnitinii Von der Jesuwiten ankunfft unnd ursprung [Martin Chemnitz on the Arrival and Origin of the
Jesuits
]
. 1586.
- Ob ein Prediger am Altare sich selbst communiciren moge [Whether a Preacher at the Altar Might Commune Himself]
. 1623.
- Richtige und inn H. Schrifft wolgegrundte Erklarung / entlicher hochwichtiger und notiger Artickel unser Christlichen Religion / in sonderliche Tractat und Predigten gefasset [An Explanation, Correct and Well-Grounded in Holy Scripture, of Quite a Few Highly Important and Necessary Articles of Our Christian Religion Contained in Special Treatises and Sermons].
1592.
- Theologiæ Jesuitarum Brevis ac Nervosa Descriptio et Delineatio: Ex Præcipuis Capitibus Censuræ ipsorum, quæ Anno MDLX. Coloniæ edita est [A Brief and Bold Description and Delineation of the Theology of the
Jesuits
: From the Principal Chapters of Their Own Opinions, the Year of Which {is} 1560].
1560.
- Theses quaedam de unione duarum naturarum in Christo hypostatica: item de officiis et maiestate Christi Mediatoris [Some Theses Concerning the Hypostatic Union of the Two Natures in Christ: That Is, Concerning the Offices and Majesty of Christ the Mediator].
1558.
- Tract. de Imagine DEI in homine [Treatise on the Image of God in Man].
1570.
- The Two Natures of Christ
.
J. A. O. Preus
, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1971. (Originally published in 1561 as
De Duabus Naturis in Christo: De hypostatica earum unione: De communicatione idiomaticum
.)
- Veritas religionis Lutheranae defensa [Defense of the Truth of the Lutheran Religion].
(Text in German).
- Von der ewigen gnadenwahl [On the Eternal Election of Grace].
1892.
Biographies and research on Chemnitz
[
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]
- Antiqvitates Ecclestiaticae inclytae urbis Braunsvigae, oder: Der Beruhmten Stadt Braunschweig Kirchenhistorie.
by Philippo Julio Rehtmeyer. Braunschweig: Gedruckt Verlagt von Christoph Friedrich Zilligers, 1710.
- The Doctrine of Man in Classical Lutheran Theology
edited by Herman A. Preus and Edmund Smits. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1962.
- Formulators of the Formula of Concord.
by Theodore R. Jungkuntz. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1977.
- Grundlinien der Theolgie des Martin Chemnitz
by G. Noth, 1930.
- Loci Theologici; De Coena Domini; De Duabus Naturis in Christo; Theologiae Jesuitarum.
Chelsea, Michigan: Sheridan Books, 2000. [Facsimile reprint of a 1653 anthology of these four treatises of Chemnitz in Latin by the Lutheran Heritage Foundation].
- Martin Chemnitz nach seinem Leben und Wirken
by H. Hachfeld, 1867.
- "Martin Chemnitz' Views on Trent: The Genesis and the Genius of the Examen Concilii Tridentini" by Arthur C. Piepkorn,
Concordia Theological Monthly
XXXVII [37](January 1966):5?37.
- Die Polemik des Martin Chemnitz gegen das Konzil von Trent
by R. Mumm, Leipzig, 1905.
- The Second Martin: The Life and Theology of Martin Chemnitz.
by
J. A. O. Preus
. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1994.
- "The Works of Martin Chemnitz," by D. Georg Williams.
Concordia Theological Quarterly
.
Vol. 42, 1978.
- Der Zweite Martin der Lutherischen Kirche, Festschrift zum 400. Todestag von Martin Chemnitz {The Second Martin of the Lutheran Church, Jubilee Writing for the 400th [anniversary of the day of the death] of Martin Chemnitz}
edited by W.A. Junke, Braunschweig, 1986.
- Studium Excitare: Biography of Martin Chemnitz
by Joshua M. Zarling.
各州
[
編輯
]
- ↑
Chisholm, Hugh, 編輯. (1911). 〈
Chemnitz, Martin
〉. 《
브리태니커 百科事典
》
6
11板. 케임브리지 大學校 出版部. 76쪽.
- ↑
The Commission on Worship of the Lutheran Church?Missouri Synod,
Lutheran Service Book
, (St. Louis:CPH, 2006), xii-xiii.
- ↑
Fesko, J. V., 1970-.
《The theology of the Westminster standards : historical context and theological insights》
. Wheaton, Illinois. 344쪽.
ISBN
978-1-4335-3311-2
.
- ↑
The title page continues the title: "Primum germanice per reverendum virum, D. Martinum Kemnitium, S. Theologiae Doctorem, in usum Pastorum minus exercitatorum conscripta: Nunc vero voluntate Authoris & loco Confessionis Ministerii Ecclesiae Brunsuicensis latine conversa per Ionnem Zangerum Oenipontanum."
- ↑
English translation in Robert Kolb et al.,
Sources and Contexts of The Book of Concord
, (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2001), 197-219.
外部 링크
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]