????????? -???????????? ????? ? ?????????, ?????? ????, ?????? ????, ????????????? ????? ???????????? ????????, ??????? ???????????? ??????. ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????.

????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? , ????? , ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? , ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ???????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ?????? ???-????????? ????????????, ????????? ????????, ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ???????. ???? ???????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????????.

???????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????.????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????????, ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????.

???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????????????, ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? (foreign substance) ????????????? ???????, ???????????? ????????????.

??????????????? [ ???????? ]

??????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????????. ????????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????????. ?????, ? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????. ? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????????. ???????? ????????, ????? ???????? ??????? ???????????. ? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? (Nacre) ??????? ????? (Mantle) , ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????????? (Nacre) ????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????????. ^[?]

??????????? ??????-???? ???????????????, ?????? ??????-???? ???????????? ????????????. ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????. ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ? ?????? ????? -Pinctada Radiata. ^[?]

????????? ???? ????????????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ????????(parasite) ???? ???????, ???? ????????? ??? ????????(foreign substance), ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ???????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ????? ????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????. ???? ?? ???????? ???????????????, ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????.

???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????????????. ??? ???????(conchin) ????? ??????????(perlucin). ^[?] ? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? (conchiolin) ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????????????. ???????? ????????? (aroganite) ^[?] ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????????. ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? (calcium carbonate) ????????. ? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? (Nacre). ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ???? ???????? ????, ? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ^[?] ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????. ????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ??????, ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????. ???? ????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????. ^[?]

?????????? ????????? [ ???????? ]

???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ???????????? ????????. ???? ? ????????????? ???????? ????????????????????, ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????. ???? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????- (????, ?????, ?????, ????, ?????). ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????????????. ????? ?????? ????????? ????, ???????, ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ^{[?] [?]}

???????????? ???????? [ ???????? ]

• ???????? ????????? (natural pearls): ?????? ? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????.

• ??????? ????????? (cultured pearls): ? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ???????????? ??????, ???????? ??? ??????????. ? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???/??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????????. ? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????.

• ???????? ????????? (natural pearls): ??? ??????? ???????????????; ???? ???????? ????????????????.

• ???? ????????? ( artificial pearls): ????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????????.

??????????? ???????? ??????? [ ???????? ]

???????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????????, ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????.

?????? ????????? ?????? ^[?] ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ???????????? ???? ??? ???-????????? ???? ??????????????????.

????? ????????? [ ???????? ]

????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??(Vitellius) ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????-??????????? ??????????????. ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????????????. ^[??]

??????? [ ???????? ]

???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? (Cleopatra) ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? (Mark Antony)?????? ???????????, ???? ???? ???????? ???????????. ? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????????????. ? ???? ???????????, ???? ????, ???? ????????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????-????????? ????? ??????????????. ^[??]

?????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????????. ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????????.

?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ????????? ????????????, ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????????. ????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????. ^[??]

??????? ???????????? ????????? [ ???????? ]

????? ??????????? ????????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????. ???????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????. ????? ??????, ??????????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???. ?????? ????? ??????, ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????????. ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????????. ??????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????????????. ??? ????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????. ^{[??] [??]}

?????????????????? ????????? [ ???????? ]

????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????. ? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????????.????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? - ?????? ??:??-?? "..???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????. ???? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????." ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? -?????? ?:? "???? ?????????? ????????? ?????????; ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.." ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ,??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????????. - ??????? ??:?? "...????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ,?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????." ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? , ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????. -??????? ??:?? "..???????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????????;.." ^[??]

??????? ????? ????????? [ ???????? ]

????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????; ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????????. ? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ??????, ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????. ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????. ^[??]

????????? [ ???????? ]

1. ↑ http://science.howstuffworks.com/zoology/question630.htm
2. ↑ "??????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2013-12-14 . Retrieved 2014-01-31 .
3. ↑ "??????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2013-12-14 . Retrieved 2014-01-31 .
4. ↑ "??????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2013-12-14 . Retrieved 2014-01-31 .
5. ↑ http://www.americanpearl.com/historyoyster.html
6. ↑ http://www.thepearlmarket.co.uk/pearl-formation.htm
7. ↑ http://www.thepearlmarket.co.uk/pearl-formation.htm
8. ↑ http://science.howstuffworks.com/zoology/question630.htm
9. ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/history-pearls.html
10. ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/history-pearls.html
11. ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/history-pearls.html
12. ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/history-pearls.html
13. ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/history-pearls.html
14. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl#Creation_of_a_pearl
15. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl#Creation_of_a_pearl
16. ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/history-pearls.html