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Justitia Omnibus
????? Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ  ???
?????????? ? ??????? 16 , 1790 [1] [2] ?.
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??? 72 ????
???????????? ▼ 689 545 ???? ( ?????? 1 , 2020 ) [3]
??????? ???? EDT ? , UTC-5 , UTC?4 ? ???????/???? ????
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???????? ????? 20001?20098 ? 20201?20599
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Վաշինգտոն ԿՇ (ԱՄՆ)##
????????? ?? (???)

????????? (??????????? ?????) ( ????????? ???? ) ( ????. ? Washington, District of Columbia ), ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????` ????????? ????? ( ????. ? District of Columbia , ?????` D.C): ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????-??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???, ????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ≪?? ??≫ ??? ≪????????? ?? ??≫?

????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ? 1790 ???????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????????, ?????? ??? ??????????? (????? 1846 ???????) ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? 1791 ???????? ? ???????????? ???-? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? 1871 ???????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????`??????????? ????????? ?????????

?????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????-??????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ????????` ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ? 600.000 ????, ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?` ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ? ??? 5.4 ?????? ????. ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ? ????????

???????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????????????????????` ???????? ???-? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? , ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????????????, ????????????? ????? , ???????? ?????????? ?????????? , ????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? , ???????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????

?????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ? 13 ???????? ?????????? ??????????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???-? ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? 1961 ????????? ????? ??? ??????????????? 23-?? ?????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????????

?????? ????????? ? ????????????????? ?????? ????? ( ?????? ?  Justitia Omnibus , ????. ? Justice for All ):

??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??? ????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ????????? ????????` ??????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? 4.000 ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? [4] ? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????? 17-?? ???? ??????. ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? [5] [6] ? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????????, ????????

??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ? ????? ???????? 1662 ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? 1670 ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? [7] ? 1697 ???????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????` ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????? [8] ?

1751 ????????, ??? ????????? ???????? ????????????? 280 ??????? 60 ??? ?????????? ? ???? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??????, ?????????? ? ?????????? [9] ? ??????????? ????? ???????` 1749 ????????, ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??, ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ? ??????? ??????????? [10] ?

?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? 18-?? ???? ?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????

????????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????` ???-? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????` ???? ?????, ??????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????????, ???? ? 1778-1783 ?????????? ???????? 1783 ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ( ????. ? Independence Hall ) ?????? ??? ???????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????????` ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????????, ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ? ?????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ? ≪???????????? ???????≫ ?????????, ???? ??????????? ??????? 21-?? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ` ???? ????? ?????? [11] ?

?????????` ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ? ?????? 1787 ??????? ???????????? ??????????, ????? ????????? ? ???-? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????? 8-?? ???? ????????? ???????????? ? ?????.

????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????? (?? ????? ???, ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????????), ???? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????` ???????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????, ???? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????, ????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????, ??????????, ???????? ? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??????
- ??? ????????????????, ?????? 1, ????? 8 [12]

1788 ??????? ???????? 23-?? ????? ???????? ≪???????????≫ № 43 ????????? ??? ???? ?, ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ????? [13] ? ?????????????????, ??????, ??? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? , ???? ????? , ???? ???? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???, ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????, ??? ????????? ??????????, ???????????, ????????? ???, ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? [14] ? ????? ??? 1790 ??????? ?????????????, ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? , ????????? ????????? ? ????? ????????? , ??? ??????????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ????` ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??, ?? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? 1790 ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??, ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????` ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????????` ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? [15] ?

1790 ??????? ??????? 16-? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????, ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? [16] ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??` ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????????, ? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? 1791 ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????` ??????? ?????????? 1791 ???????? ???? ?????? (????? ??????, ?????? ????? ? ???? ????????) ? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????????, ??????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? [17] ? 1791 ??????? ?????????? 9-?? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????` ? ????? ???-? ??????????? ??????? [18] [19] ? 1791-1792 ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????` 40 ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? [20] ? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????` ??????????? ???????

1800 ??????? ????????? 17-?? ???-? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????????? [21] ?

19-?? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????????? ????? 1814 ????????? ????????????` ?????? ??? ??????????? ????

1801 ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????` ????????? ? ????????? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????????, ?????????? ? ???????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??????` ????????? (????????? ??????? ? ??????) ? ??????????? (????? ????? ? ????????) [22] ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????????

1814 ??????? ???????? 24-25-?? ?????-????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????, ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? , ????????? ? ?????? ????? [23] ? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ??, ?????? ????????????, ??? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??, ???????? ????? ?????? ? ????? 1868 ???????? [24] ?

1830-1840-???? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????????????, ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ???????????????? ??? ???????, ??? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? [25] ? 1840 ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? 1846 ??????? ??????? 9-?? ???????? ?????????? ? ??? ??????? [26] ?

1850 ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ? ????????????????? (???? ?? ????????????) [27] ? 1860 ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ??? 80 %-?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????????? 1861 ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? 1862 ???????? ???-? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ? ???, ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ????????? ??? 3.100 ???? [28] . К 1870 году население города увеличилось почти до 132 000 человек [29] : 1870 ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?? 132.000-?? ?????? ?????? ????` ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????????????, ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??, ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? [30] ?

???? ???????, ????? 1865 ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ????????

1871 ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????` ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????, ??? ??????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? [31] ? ???????? ??? ????? ????, ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? 1871 ????????, ??? ?????? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? 1873 ???????? ??????? ??????? ?. ?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? 20 ?????? ????? (2007 ??????? ?????????` 357 ?????? ????? [32] ) ? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? 1874 ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ????? ????????, ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? 1901 ????????

20-?? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ???????????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????, 1963

?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? 1930-???? ?????????? ??? ???????? , ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????????` ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? [33] ? 1950 ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?? ????????????` 802.178 ?????? [34] ? 1961 ???????? ????????? ? ???-? ??????????????? 23-?? ???????????, ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????

???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????, 1967

1968 ??????? ?????? 4-??, ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???, ????????` ???????? ????????????? ? ????????? ????????????, ???????????????? ?? ???? ????????, ????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????? 13.000-???? ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????, ?????? ?????????????, ????? ????????????? ???????? ? ????? 1990-???? ?????????? ??????? [35] ?

1973 ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????, ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????` ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? [36] ? 1975 ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???-? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? [37] ? ?????? 1980-1990-???? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? [38] ? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????? 2001 ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???

21-?? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

2001 ??????? ?????????? 11-?? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????. ≪????????? ????????????????????≫ ( ????. ? American Airlines ) № 77 ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????, ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ? 189 ????` ???????? ???? ????????????, ????????? 59 ?????????? ? ????????? 125 ????????????? [39] ? ???????????????? ???? ?????? ? ????????????? ??????????` ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ? 2008 ??????? ?????????? 11-??` ???????????? 7-?? ????????? [40] ?

???????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ??????? ? ???-? ???????-?????????` ????????? ????????? ???? ??? 53 ?? ????????????? ??? [41] ? ?????? ???????? 177 ??² ?, ???? 159 ??²-? ????? ? ??????? ???????, ??? 18 ??²-?` ???? [42] ? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? ??????` ???? ?????-??????????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ???` ??????? ` ? ??? ????? ????????` ??????????? ? ??? ????? [43] ? ??? ??? ????` ?????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????, 1870-???? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? [44] ? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????, ??? ??????? ? ??????????? ???? ???? ? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????, ??? ??????? 1815-1850-???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? [45] ? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ? 19-?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????-???????????` ????????? ??? ???????? [46] ?

?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????, ???????????, ???? ???????? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??

? ??????? ????????? ???????` ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????, ???, ????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ?, ?? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??????` ???? ?????????? 125 ? ??????????? ??? [47] ? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ? [48] ? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ? 4-?? ? ?? ????? ( ????. ? L Street ) ????????? ?????? ?????? [49] [50] [51] ?

?????????? ??????? ??? 20 %-?` 7.464 ???, ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ? ???????????? [52] ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????` ???????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ?? ??????? ????????, ??? ?????, ?????? ????????? ????? ?????, ??????????????? ???????? ? ???? [53] ? ??? ???? ???????? ?????, ?? ?????????? ? 1890 ???????? ? ???? 1.754 ??? (7.10 ??²) ???????, ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????` ???????, ?????, ???, ???????, ????? ?? ????????? ??????? [54] ? ?????? ????????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???, ??????? ???????????? ?, ?? ??????? ? ????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????

????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????

  • Տեսքը դեպի հյուսիս. Սպիտակ տուն
    ????? ???? ???????. ?????? ????
  • Տեսքը դեպի արևելք. Կապիտոլիում
    ????? ???? ??????. ???????????
  • Վաշինգտոնի կոթողը
    ?????????? ??????
  • Տեսքը դեպի հարավ. Ջեֆերսոնի հուշարձան, Պոտոմակ և օդանավակայան
    ????? ???? ?????. ????????? ?????????, ??????? ? ????????????
  • Տեսքը դեպի արևմուտք. Լինքոլնի հուշարձան, Պոտոմակ, Պենտագոն և Արլինգտոնյան գերեզմանատուն
    ????? ???? ????????. ???????? ?????????, ???????, ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????????

????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ??????? ? ???????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????, ?????? ???????? Trewartha ?????????? ???????????` ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? [55] [56] ? ???????? ????????? ????? ??, ????? ???????, ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ? 37 ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ? 3.3 °C ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? [57] ? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ????????? 4-6 ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????????? , ?????, ????? ?????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? [58] ?

???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? 26.4 °C ?, ?????? ????? ?????????????` ??? 66 % [57] [57] [59] ? ???????? ????? ???????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????????, ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????????

???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ? 1918 ??????? ???????? 6-?? ? 1930 ??????? ??????? 20-??` +41 °C, ??????? ????????? ????????????` ?26 °C, ???????? ? 1899 ??????? ?????????` ??? ???????????? ??????? [58] ?

??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ? ????

?????????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?'?????? ??????????, 1791

????????? ??-? ???????? ????? ?? 1791 ???????? ???-? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ????????????? ???? ???? ?'??????? ???????????? ? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? [60] ? ?'?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ? ????????????, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????????` ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????? [61] ? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ???????? ?? ?????? , ?????????? , ?????????? ? ?????? , ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? [62] ? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????` ??? ??? ???? (1.6 ??) ? 400 ???? (120 ?) ????????????, ??? ????????, ????? ???? ??????? ???? ? [63] ?

??????????` ?'?????? ?????? ??????????, ?? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? 1792 ????????

?'?????? ??????? 1792 ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?'??????? ???????? ???????? ? 1792 ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????, ????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????, ?? ??????? ?? ?'?????? ???` ???????? ??????, ????????????? ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????` ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?'??????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? [64] ?

1900-???? ?????????? ?????? ?'??????` ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????` ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????, ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???, ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????? ? ??????? 1901 ???????? ? ???????? ? ???????????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????, ???????????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?, ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?'?????? ??????? ??????? [61] ?

?????? ????????` ?????????? ???????? ???? ? ? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? 1910 ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?? 20 ?????? (6.1 ?) [65] ? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????` ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????` ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? (169 ?) ????????????. ??????????? ??????????? ? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? [51] ? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????, ?? ?????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????????, ????????????? ???????????????? ??????, ??????? ?? ????????????? ? ?????? ???????????? [65] ?

12-??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? 1894 ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????????

????????? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ??????? ???? ???????` ???????-????????, ???????-??????, ?????-??????, ?????-????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????????, ????? ?????, ??????????????? ?? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????? ? ??????? (??????` C Street SW), ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????` ?????? (??????` 4-?? ????? NW): ????????? ??????????? ?? ????????????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? [66] ?

?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ??????? (1890 ???????? ???????????? ? ????????? ??????), ???????????` ??? ?????? ? ?????????` ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????` ????? 1888 ???????? [67] ? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? 1895 ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????, ??????` ????????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ????????????? ? K ???????, ????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ????????????? [68] ? ???????????? ???????? ? 177 ???????????, ????? ??????? ?? ??????????? 297 ????. ????? ??????? ?? 1.600 ??????? ????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ????????????? [69] ?

????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????? ????? ???????? ? ≪????????? ?????? ????????????????≫ ???????, 2007

?????????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? 2007 ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????` ≪????????? ?????? ?????????????????≫ ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? [70] ? ????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ??????? ??????, ????? ????????? ?????????????, ???-? ????????????, ???????? ? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????????, ???????, ???????? ? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????, ??????` ???????????? ?????????? [71] ?

?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ????????? , ???????? ?????????, ???-???, ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????????, ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ? 1765 ????????, ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ? ???????? [72] ? 1789 ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????????? , ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? [71] ? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ( ????. ? Ronald Reagan Building ) ?????????? ???????? ? ????????` 288.000 ?² ????????? ????????? [73] ?

????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????? ????????????? ???? ???? ? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? 1860 ????????? ????????? ???-? ???????????? ?????????? ????, ???????????? ?????? ?? ??? 75.000 ????, ??? ????? ???, ??? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? [74] ? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ??? 75 %-?? ? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ????? 1930-???? ?????????? ??? ???????? [74] ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? [75] ? 1950 ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ? ?? ???????????? ??????????` 802.178 ???? [76] ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????` ?????????????? ??????????? ????????, ???? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????? 1960-???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ? ???????????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????, ?? 1980 ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???????? [74] ? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ? ????? 1990-???? ??????????, ?????? 2000 ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??, ??? 2010 ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ? 5.2 % [77] [78] :

???????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????????????? ?? ?????. ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? 1 %-?, ??? 1810 ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? 10 % [87] ? 1800-1940 ?????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? 30 %-? [34] ?

????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ? ????? 1970 ????????, ?????? ??? ???????????? ?? ??? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????????, ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ? ???? [88] ?

2000 ??????? ??????????? ????? ? ????, ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??? 33.000 ???? ???????????? ? ??? ??????????. ??? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????????? 8.1 %-? [89] ? 2012 ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????? ? 10 %-? [90] ? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????, ????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ? 2009 ???????? ?????????? ?????? [90] [91] ?

2010 ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? 601.657 ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????? ??. 2000 ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? 572.059 ?????? [92] ? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ? ??? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? [93] ? ?????????? ????????????` ????? ??? 5 ?????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????, ??? ??????????? ???? ?????? 8 ??????, ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? [94] ?

2007 ??????? ??????????? ????? ? ????, ?? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????????? ? ??? ???????????, ?? ?????????????? (??? 74.000 ????) ??? ????? ???????? [95] [96] ? ?????? ??????????? 85.16 %-? ?????? ? ???????? , 8.78 %-?` ????????? ? 1.35 %-?` ????????? [97] ? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????` ?????????? ??? 46 %-? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????? ???? [98] ?

???????? ???-? ??????????? ??????????` 2010 ??????? ?????????` ???????? ???????? ??? 50.7 % ????????????????, 38.5 %` ??????????????, 3.5 %` ????????? ? 0.3 % ???? ????????????? ??? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ?? 4.1 %, ??? ????????????` 2.9 %: ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ? 9.1 % [99] :

???????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????

????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ? ??? ???????????, ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????????, ???????????? ????????????? 2010 ???????? ???????? ?????????????????? ????? ?? ????, ?? ?????? ?????????? 5 %-?? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ???? [100] ? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????-???????? ??????????, ????? ?????, ??????? ??, ??? ????????????? ?? ??????????????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????????, ????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? 60.000 ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? [101] ?

?????????? ????? ? ??????????? ????? 1990-???? ?????????? ????? ???-? ≪??????????????? ??????????≫ [102] ? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????? 1991 ????????? ??????? 479, ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????? ? ?????? [103] ? 2012 ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ? 88-?, ???? ????????? ????????? ?` ????? 1961 ???????? [104] ? ??????????????? ???? ??? ????????? ? ??? ???? ? ????? ???????? ??? ???????????, ?????? ??? ??? ? ????? 2000-???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? [105] ? 2016 ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ? 135 ???????????, ???? 53 %-?? ????? ?, ??? 2012 ??????? ?????????, ?????? 17 %-?? ???, ??? 2015 ??????? ????????? [106] ? ?? ???? ????????? (Columbia Heights ? Logan Circle) ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?` ????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? [107] ? ???????? ????, ???????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ? 1990-???? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? [108] ?

2008 ??????? ??????? 26-?? ???-? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????, ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ???-? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? [109] ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????????. ?????????, ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????, ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? [110] ? ? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????` ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????. ?? ?????? ??????? ? 1791 ???????? ?????????? ????????

???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???-? ???????? ??????????? ????-?????????

?????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????, ?????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????, ??? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????????, ???????` ??????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?. ?? ????????????? ? ??? ???????????, ?? ??????????????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ?? ?????????? ? ????????????? 2007 ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? 14 %-?, 2008 ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ????????? ?` ????????? 27 %-?, ???? ?? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????? [111] [112] ? ?????? ??? -? 2008 ???????? ?????? ? 97.2 ??????? ?????. ??? ?????????? ?????? 35-??? ? ????????? 50 ?????????? ??? [113] ?

??? ???????????????????, ????????, ????? ???????????????????, ?? ????????? ???????????????????, ????????????????, ????????? ????? ????? ????-????????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????` ????????? ????? ??????????????????? ????????? [114] ?

2010 ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ? 6.9 %. ?? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? 49 ????????????????? [115] ? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? 12 % [116] ?

???????? ???? ?? ????????????????? ???????, ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???. ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????????, ???????????, ??????? ???????????????? ?? ??????? ???????????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? 500 ????????????????? (??? Fortune ???????) ??????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ????? ?? ???-? ???????? ????????????? (68 ??????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? 92-?? ????) ? ≪Fannie Mae≫ ???????????????? (29 ??????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? 270-?? ????) [117] ? ???????? ??? ?? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ?????? ??? ????????????. ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????????????, ??????????? ???????????????? ??? ???????? ? ????????????? ???????. ???????? ?? ??? 130 ????????? [118] ?

???????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????, ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????????? ?????? ????

???????? 2009 ??????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????????` 2009 ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?` ???????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? [119] ? Expansion ???????? 2006 ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ? ????????? ??? ????????????? [120] ? ?????????? ???-? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???? [121] ? 2008 ????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????, ?? ?????????? ? Forbes ???????? [122] ?

2006 ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? 55.755 ?????. ?? ????? ????? ?, ??? ???-? ???????? ????????? [123] ? ?????? 2005 ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? 19 %-? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????` ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? [124] ?

???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ?????? ? ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ????????????? , ??? 2012 ???????? ??????? ? ??? 6 ?????? ???????

??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ? ?????????? ??????????` ???????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????` ???????? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????, ??????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????` ?????? ???? ?????? ??????` ???????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????

??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ? (Tidal Basin), ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?. ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????, ?????????, ???? ???????, ?????????, ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????????? [125] ?

??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????, ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????????? ??????????, ???-? ????????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????? , ??? ?????????? ??????? ? ??? 147 ?????? ????, ??????? ? ??? ??????? [126] ? ???-? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ? 1935 ????????, ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ???????? [127] ?

?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? 19 ???????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ?????

?????????? ?????????? ????????? ? 19 ???????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?, ?? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? 1846 ????????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ????, ????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? [128] ? 2013 ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ? 30 ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??` ????????? ?? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ???????, ????????? ??????????, ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????, ??????? ?? ????? ???????????????, ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????, ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????, ??????? ?? ????????????????? ????? (?????? ? ??? ≪?????≫ ???????), ??? ???????????? ????-????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????????, ??? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? [129] ? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???, ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???, ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????-???????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? [130] ?

??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????` ????????????? ?? ?????, ? ???????????? ? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???-??, ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? [131] ? ??????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????? [132] ?

????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ???, ????? ????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?, ??????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? , ???????? ????????????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?, ??????? ?????????? ( ????. ? The Phillips Collection ) ???????? ????????, ??? ???-? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ? [133] ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????, O Street, ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????, ?? ???????????? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????????, ????????????? [134] ?

?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????

????????? ??-? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???-? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ? [135] ? ????? ???????? ???????, ??? ???-? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?, ??????????? ? ?? ???????????????? ????? ????????? ???????? [136] ?

???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ? ????????? ???-? ??????? ?????? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ? 1798 ????????. ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??

????????? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????????? 1880-1892 ??????????? [137] ? ???-?` 1925 ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????-?????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ????????. ??? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ? ??????????? ???????????? [138] ?

?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ? 1950 ???????? ? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????, ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ( ????. ? Shakespeare Theatre Company ), ????????? ???????? ( ????. ? Studio Theatre ), Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company ????????? ????????????? [139] ? Arena Stage -? 2010 ???????? ????? ? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? GALA ???????, ?? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ? 1976 ???????? ? ??????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? [140] [141] ?

??? ????????? ??????? U Street ????????

U Street -? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ? ≪???????????? ?? ???????≫ ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????????????????` ?????? ??????? , ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? , ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????, ???????? ?? ??? ????????? , ??? ????????? , ????? ????? [142] ? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????, ?? ??????? ? ??-??. ??? ???????????? ? ????-???? ???, ?????????? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ????????????? ? 1970-???? ?????????? ???????? D.C. ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? [143] ?

????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????? ? ???-???? Dischord Records ??????, ?? ??????? ? ??? ???????, ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?? 1980-???? ?????????? ???? ? 1990-???? ?????????? ??? ??????? [144] ? ??????????? ?????????????? ? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ? ?? ????? ? 9:30 Club ????????????, ????? ?????? ?? U Street-? ???????? [145] ?

????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Capital One Arena ????????? ??????? ??????????

?????????? ??? -? 13 ?????????? ???? ?, ??? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? Washington Wizards (?????? ??????? ????), Washington Capitals (?????? ??????? ????), Washington Mystics (?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????) ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ( ????. ? Capital One Arena ), ??? ??????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ? 2008 ????????, Washington Nationals (???????? ??????? ????) ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? D.C. United (???????? ??????????? ????) ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? RFK ????????????? Washington Redskins (??????? ???????? ????) ?????? ? ?????? ???? ????????????, ??? ??????? ? ????????? ???` ??????????? ?

????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????????????, ??? ????? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ? ???????? Washington Redskins ????, ???? ?????` D.C. United ???? ? ??? ?????` Washington Wizards (??????????` Washington Bullets) ???? [146] [147] [148] ?

??????????? ? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ??` Washington Kastles (?????? ????????????), Washington D.C. Slayers (???-? ?????? ????), Baltimore Washington Eagles (???-? ???????????? ???????? ????), D.C. Divas (?????? ???????? ?????? ????????????), Potomac Athletic Club RFC (?????? ??????????????????)?

?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????` ??????? ????????????????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ? ???? ?????, ? ???-? ???? ??? ????????, ??? ????????????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ? 1976 ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ≪??????????? ???????≫, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?, ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? [149] ?

??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????` American Eagles , George Washington Colonials , Georgetown Hoyas ? Howard Bison and Lady Bison , ??? ?????????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? Georgetown Hoyas ???? ??? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ( ????. ? Capital One Arena ): 2008-2012 ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? RFK ??????????? ? ?????? ? Military Bowl [150] : ????????? ??-??? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ????` Comcast SportsNet (CSN):

???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Washington's Newspaper ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????, 1874

????????? ??-? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? -???? ???????? ??????? ?? 1877 ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????????? [151] ? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????????, ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? [152] ? ≪?????≫, ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????????, 2011 ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? [153] ? ≪????????? ????≫ ????????????? ??????????? ? ??? ≪???????≫ ?????? ????????, ????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????????, ????????? ? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ≪El Tiempo Latino≫ ??????

The Washington Times ????? ????????????? ???????? ? ? ???? ? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? [154] ? ?????????????? Washington City Paper ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? [155] [156] ?

??????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????, ????????? ???????? ??????? ??` Washington Blade , Metro Weekly , ????? ??????????? ?? ???? -? ??????????????????, Washington Informer , The Washington Afro American , ???????? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???????, ? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? The Current Newspapers : Congressional Quarterly , The Hill , Politico and Roll Call ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??` National Geographic , The Washington Examiner , The New Republic ? Washington Monthly :

????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?, ?? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ????` ??????????? ??? 2 %-? [157] ? ???? ??????????????????????? ? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??` C-SPAN, Black Entertainment Television (BET), Radio One, the National Geographic Channel, Smithsonian Networks, National Public Radio (NPR), Travel Channel (????????), Discovery Communications (????????, ?????? ??????) ? the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) (????????, ?????????)? ????????????? ?? ?????` ?????????? ?????-???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ≪????????? ?????≫ ????-?????????, ??? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? [158] ?

?????????? ? ???????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??? ???????? ?????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?

???-? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?, ?? ???-? ???????? ≪??????? ?????????????≫ ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? 1973 ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????? ? ???????????, ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?, ? ????????? ?????? ??????? 13 ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? [159] ?

?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????????????? [160] ? ??? 37 ????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ( ????. ? Advisory Neighborhood Commissions , ?????` ANCs), ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ???????????????? ??? ????? ????????, ????? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ??? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????????? [161] ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (??????????` ???? ?????) ???????? ? ???????? ???????? [162] ?

?????????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? 16-?? ????? ?????????? ???, ??? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ? 1938 ????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ? [163] ?

?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????, ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????` ????? ?????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? 470 ???????? 1 ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????, ????????, ??????, ????????? ?, ? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??, ?? ????????????? ?? ????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? [164] [165] ?

?????? ??????? ????????????????, ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????????, ????????????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????????? [166] ? ??? ?????????? ???????` 1989 ????????, ≪The Washington Monthly≫ ???????? ?????? ??, ?? ?????? ???-? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? [167] ? 1995 ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? [168] ? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ? 1998 ?????????? ????????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? 2001 ????????, ???? ???? ????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ? [169] ?

????? ????????? ????????? ?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???-? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????:

???-? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??-? ??????? ?????? ?? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?, ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????????, ????????????? ? ??????????? ?????????????, ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ???-? ????????? ? ????????????? ??????????` ???-? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????, ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ?????? , ????? ???????? ????? ????????????????` ????? ????? ?????????, ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? [170] ? 2012 ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??-? 20.7 ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ?, ??? 19 ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? [171] ?

2005 ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????, ?? ????????????? 78 %-? ?? ??????, ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ????, ??? 50 ?????????? [172] ? ≪?????????? ????? ?????????????≫ ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? [173] ? ??? ????????, ????? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????` ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ????????????? 82 %-? ??????? ?, ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? [174] ? ?????? ????????????? ????????????` ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????

????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??, ?? ???-? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????` ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????` ????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??, ?? ????? ???????? ????????` ?????? ????? ? ??????????, ??? ??????????????? ????? ? ??????? ???????

????? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????? ??-? ?????????? ?????????????? ? 15 ????????? ????

????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?` ???? ????????????, ??????? ???? ? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? [187] ?

?????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ?????????

????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? 123-? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? 2009 ???????? [188] ? 2010-2011 ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?? 46.191 ???? [189] ? ????????? ??-? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????????, ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ? ???????` ??????? ????????, ?????????? ???????????, ??????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? 2001 ???????? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????????? 52-? ? [190] [191] ? 2010 ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? 32.000 ??????????, ???? 9 %-?? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? [192] ? ???????? ??????? ? ??? 92 ???????? ?????, ????? 2008 ???????? ???????? ?? ??? 18.000 ??????? [193] ? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? 25 ?????????` ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? [194] ?

?????? ???????? ??????????????? ?? ????????? ???????????, ????????? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ???????????, ???? ?????????? , ?????????? , ??????????????, ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? , ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? (UDC) ??????? ?????????? ?, ?? ????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? 10.000 ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????` ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? [195] ?

?????? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????, ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? (????????)? ???? ???` ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????, ???????? ????????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????????, ?????????? ? ??????? ???????????????? [196] ?

????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ? ??????, ???????????, ??????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????

????????? ??-? ???? ????????? ?????? 1.500 ???? (2.400 ??) ???????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ??????????? [197] ? 1960-???? ??????????? ???-? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ` ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? Interstate 95 (I-95) ????????? ????????? ? ??????` ?????????? ????????? ??-? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? [198] ? ?????????? I-66 ? I-395 ???????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? [199] ?

????????????? ???????????? ???????? (WMATA) ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????, ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ? Metrobus -?? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ? 1976 ??????? ????? 27-?? ? 2014 ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? 91 ??????? ? 188 ?? ???????????? ??????? [200] ? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ??????????? ???????????? Metrobus-? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? 400.000 ??????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ? [201] ? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ? ???????????? ?????? ????????? [202] ?

????????? Union Station ???????

Union Station ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ??? 70.000 ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ( ????. ? National Railroad Passenger Corporation , ?????` ≪America≫ ? ≪track≫) ???????????? ?????????????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? 4.6 ?????? ???????? ????????? MARC ? ?????????? VRE ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? Union Station -? ?????? [203] ? 2011 ??????? ??????????????? ???? Union Station-? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ????? [204] ?

???? ????? ??????????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?, ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????, ??? ??????? ? ????????????` ??????? ? ???????? ?????????????????, ??? ????????-????????? ????????????? ??????? ? ???????????` ??????????? 42.3 ?? ?????-???????

2010 ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? 70 ??? ?? ???????? ?????????????, ???? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? 37 %-? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ? ???-??? [205] ? 2010 ??????? ?????????? ?????????? 12 %-? ????????? ? ????? ?????, 6 %-?` ????????????? ? 3 %-?` ???????? [206] ? Walk Score ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????` ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ? ???????, ??? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? 80 %-? ?????? ?????? ????????? [207] ? 2013 ???????? ?????????-?????????-??????????? ?????????? ?????????? 8 %-? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??????????, ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?, ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ??? ?????????? [208] ?

???????? ?????????? 32 % ?????????? ????? 2030 ??????? ????????????? ? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????, ??? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? [209] [210] ? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ??????????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ??-? ??? ? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????, ?? ????????? ? 2010 ???????? ? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????` 4.351 ???????? ? ????? ??? 395 ?????????? ??????? [211] ? 2012 ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ? 90 ?? [212] ?

???????? ??????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?

??????????????? ? ???????? ????????????? (WASA) ????? ? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ????????????? ????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? , ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ? ????????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ? ??? 1.1 ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ? ????????????` ???????? ??????????, ???? ???? ? ??????? ?????? [213] ? ????????????????? ???????? ? ??? ????????? ? ?????????? ???? ????????? 1.6 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? [214] ?

?????? ???????????????????? ???????? ? Pepco ?????????????, ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?? ????????? 793.000 ????????? [215] ? 1889 ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ???? ??????????? ???????????????? ?? ???????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? [216] ? 2013 ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????` ?????????????? ????????? 97 ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? [217] ?

?????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ? Washington Gas ?????????????, ??? ?????????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????????? 1848 ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? , ?????? ???? ? ????????????? ???????????

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  1. ↑ https://www.teamlaw.org/DCOA-1871.pdf
  2. ↑ Gazetteer
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 QuickFacts: Washington city, District of Columbia ? United States Census Bureau .
  4. ↑ MacCord, Howard A. (1957). ≪Archeology of the Anacostia Valley of Washington, D.C. and Maryland≫. Journal of Washington Academy of Sciences . 47 (12).
  5. ↑ McAtee, Waldo Lee (1918). A Sketch of the Natural History of the District of Columbia . H.L. & J.B. McQueen. ??  5 .
  6. ↑ ≪Nacotchtank: Encounters With The English≫ . ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 15-?? .
  7. ↑ Downing, Margaret Brent (1918). ≪The Earliest Proprietors of Capitol Hill≫ . Records of the Columbia Historical Society . 21 .
  8. ↑ Humphrey, Robert L., Mary Elizabeth Chambers (1977). Ancient Washington: American Indian Cultures of the Potomac Valley . George Washington University. ?? 27. {{ cite book }} : CS1 ????? ???????? ????????: authors list ( link )
  9. ↑ Ecker, Grace Dunlop (1951). A Portrait of Old George Town . The Dietz Press, Inc. ?? 11.
  10. ↑ Lesko, Kathleen M.; Valerie Babb and Carroll R. Gibbs (1991). Black Georgetown Remembered : A History Of Its Black Community From The Founding Of ≪The Town of George≫ . Georgetown University Press. ?? 1.
  11. ↑ Crew, Harvey W.; William Bensing Webb, John Wooldridge (155н892). Centennial History of the City of Washington, D. C. Dayton, Ohio: United Brethren Publishing House. ?? 66.
  12. ↑ ≪Constitution of the United States≫ . Национальное управление архивов и документации США . ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  13. ↑ Madison, James (1996 ?? ?????? 30). ≪The Federalist No. 43≫ . The Independent Journal . Library of Congress. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 16-?? .
  14. ↑ Crew, Harvey W.; William Bensing Webb, John Wooldridge (1892). Centennial History of the City of Washington, D. C. Dayton, Ohio: United Brethren Publishing House. ???? 67?80.
  15. ↑ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1972). ≪Washington's First Administration: 1789-1793≫. The Oxford History of the American People, Vol. 2 . Meridian.
  16. ↑ An ACT for establishing the Temporary and Permanent Seat of the Government of the United States . Library of Congress . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ????? 17-?? .
  17. ↑ Morison, George C., Jr. (1914). The National Capitol: its architecture, art, and history . J.F. Taylor & Company, New York . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ????? 17-?? . {{ cite book }} : CS1 ????? ???????? ????????: authors list ( link )
  18. ↑ Steward, John (1898) Early Maps and Surveyors of the City of Washington, D.C , Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Vol. 2 p. 53 in Google Books . Retrieved 2009-09-29.
  19. ↑ Chapter IV. ≪Permanent Capital Site Selected≫ , pp. 87-88, 101, in Crew, Harvey W., Webb, William Bensing, Wooldridge, John (1892), Centennial History of the City of Washington, D.C. , United Brethren Publishing House, Dayton, Ohio in Google Books
  20. ↑ ≪Boundary Stones of Washington, D.C.≫ . BoundaryStones.org. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  21. ↑ ≪The Senate Moves to Washington≫ . Сенат США . 2006 ?? ???????? 14. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2008 ?? ??????? 11-?? .
  22. ↑ Crew, Harvey W.; William Bensing Webb, John Wooldridge (1892). Centennial History of the City of Washington, D. C. Dayton, Ohio: United Brethren Publishing House. ?? 103.
  23. ↑ ≪Saving History: Dolley Madison, the White House, and the War of 1812≫ . White House Historical Association. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  24. ↑ ≪A Brief Construction History of the Capitol≫ . Architect of the Capitol. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  25. ↑ Greeley, Horace (1864). The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States . Chicago: G. & C.W. Sherwood. ???? 142?144.
  26. ↑ Richards, Mark David (Spring/Summer 2004). ≪The Debates over the Retrocession of the District of Columbia, 1801?2004≫ (PDF) . Washington History . Historical Society of Washington, D.C.: 54?82. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2009 ?? ???????? 18-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  27. ↑ ≪Compromise of 1850≫ . Library of Congress . 2007 ?? ?????????? 21. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  28. ↑ ≪DC Celebrates Emancipation Day≫ . D.C. Office of the Secretary. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2008 ?? ??????? 2-?? .
  29. ↑ ≪Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990≫ (PDF) . Бюро переписи населения США . 2002 ?? ?????????? 13. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  30. ↑ ≪ "Boss" Shepherd Remakes the City≫ . WETA Public Broadcasting. 2001. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2007 ?? ????? 11-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  31. ↑ Crew, Harvey W.; William Bensing Webb, John Wooldridge (1892). Centennial History of the City of Washington, D. C. Dayton, Ohio: United Brethren Publishing House. ?? 157.
  32. ↑ Williamson, Samuel (2008). ≪Measuring Worth ? Relative Value of US Dollars≫ . Institute for the Measurement of Worth. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  33. ↑ ≪WWII: Changes≫ . WETA Public Broadcasting. 2001. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2005 ?? ???????? 14-?? . ??????? ? 2008 ?? ?????????? 25-?? .
  34. ↑ 34,0 34,1 ≪District of Columbia ? Race and Hispanic Origin: 1800 to 1990≫ (PDF) . Бюро переписи населения США . 2002 ?? ?????????? 13. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2008 ?? ??????? 29-?? .
  35. ↑ Schwartzman, Paul; Robert E. Pierre (2008 ?? ?????? 6). ≪From Ruins To Rebirth≫ . The Washington Post . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  36. ↑ ≪District of Columbia Home Rule Act≫ . Government of the District of Columbia. 1999 ?? ???????. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
  37. ↑ ≪Walter Washington≫ . WETA Public Broadcasting. 2001. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2005 ?? ????? 24-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 217-?? .
  38. ↑ Janofsky, Michael (1995 ?? ?????? 8). ≪Congress creates board to oversee Washington, D.C.≫ . The New York Times . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ???????? 17-?? .
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  205. ↑ Christie, Les (June 29, 2007). "New Yorkers are top transit users". CNNMoney. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  206. ↑ "District of Columbia Commuting Characteristics by Sex". 2010 American Community Survey. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
  207. ↑ "D.C. among top 10 most walkable cities". WTOP. August 8, 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
  208. ↑ McKenzie, Brian (August 2015). "Who Drives to Work? Commuting by Automobile in the United States: 2013" (PDF). American Survey Reports. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  209. ↑ "History ? DC Streetcar". District Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  210. ↑ "Dulles Metrorail Project Overview". Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
  211. ↑ "Capital Bike-Share Washington DC / Arlington | PBSC". PBSC Solutions Urbanes. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
  212. ↑ "Bicycle Program". District Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2012.
  213. ↑ "The Washington Aqueduct System". National Park Service. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  214. ↑ "General Information". District of Columbia Washington and Sewer Authority. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  215. ↑ "Welcome to Pepco". January 5, 2014. Pepco.
  216. ↑ Rein, Lisa (April 6, 2010). "D.C. streetcar project may get hung up on overhead wires". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  217. ↑ DeBonis, Mike (May 15, 2013). "Plan to bury D.C.'s outage-prone power lines backed by task force". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2014.

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