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?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? (???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ??????' ), ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? (?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???). ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????, ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?-29 ?????? ?"? ????? ????. ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????. ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????, ????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????? . ?? ???, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ^[1]. ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? , ??????? , ????? ?? ????????? . ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ^[^{???? ????
]}.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ?????? , ????? ???, ??? ????, ?????? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ?????, ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ? ???? ?????? , ????, ????? ???? ???? ? ????-???? ?????? ???? , ???????? ???? ? ????? ^[2]. ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?"????" ????? ????? ???? - ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? 75 ???? ????????, ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? 44 ???? ???? (????? ??? ?? ????? ? ????? ). ?? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? .

?- 1784 , ??? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? , ???? ???'??? ??????? ? ?????? , ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ^[3]. ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? 100,000 ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ????? 64,050,000 ??????? ?? ????? ????, ????? ?? 96,075,000 ????? . ?? ???, ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????.

?? ???? ???? ?-19 , ??? ???? ???, ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? . ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ???? ????? (Standard Time) ? ????? ????? ?? ?????? , ???????? ? ????? , ?? ???? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????, ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ??????.

????? ???? ???? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????, ??? ? ??? ?????? ?'???' ????? ????? (George Vernon Hudson), ???, ?- 16 ???????? 1895 , ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ^[4].

?- 1907 ????? ?????? ?? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ^[5], ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?- 1915 , ?? ??? ?????. ?- 1909 ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ????? 1911 ? 1914 . ?? ? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? 1909.

?? ?????? ? ??? , ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? , ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???'??? ???????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?- 30 ?????? 1916 .

??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?- 21 ???? 1916 ^[6], ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????.

????? ?????? ?- 1 ?????? 1917 ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?-1917, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???? 1918 .

???? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ?????, ??????, ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?- 1919 , ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ???, ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? 1916.

????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?-20 ??????? ???? ?-21 , ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ????, ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? , ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? , ? ??? ????? , ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? .

??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? - ????? ?????? , ?????. ??????? ???????, ??? ????? ? ?????? , ???? ???? ???? ???????, ??, ???????, ????? ??? "???? ???" ??? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?-80 ?? ???? ?-20 ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? . ???, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ?- 2007 ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? . ? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? , ?? ? ???? ?-90 ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????.

???? 2011 ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? (???? ????? ???), ?? ???? 2014 ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????.

???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?? ???, ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? , ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???. ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ? ????? ???? . ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??-????? ???, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ?????? , ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????.

? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? 1968 ? 1971 , ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ^[7]. ?- 2011 ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ^[8]. ?- 2014 ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????.

??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?- 1986 , ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?- 1992 , ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ( UTC +8). ???? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????, ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????.

???? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ? ?????? , ? ???? ?? ????? , ?????? ?????? ? ?'??? ?? ??????? , ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? 2007 ? 2009 . ?? ???, ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? 2009- 2010 ^[9]. ??????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? 2019 , ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?'??? ????????.

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?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? : ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? . ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? . ??????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? 6:00 ?????, ???? ???? ????? ?-5:00, ??????? ??? ???-??? ?????. ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ????? ?-6:00 ?????, ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????, ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???, ???? ???? ? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ?-60 ?? ???? ?-70 , ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??? ???????: ?????? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???, ?????? ????? ???? ?-70. ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?-60, ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? . ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ????, ?? ??, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????.

?? ???, ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????, ?? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????: ?????? ?????? ???????? ????, ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????. ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?-19 ??????? ???? ?-20 , ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ^[10]. ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?????? , ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???-???????, ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ????? ? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? 2006 ? 2007 , ?? ??? ?????? ?? 0.6% ?????? ??????? ^[11].

???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ^[12]^[13].

???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????: ??? ???? ????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????. ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ?????, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????.

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?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? , ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ????' ?? ???? ???, ????? ???, ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? , ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ^[14].

???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ????? ????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????, ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ^[15] ??? ???? ??????? .

??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????, ???-?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ????? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????, ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????.

????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?- 2005 , ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????, ????? ???? ????? ? ????? , ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ^[16]. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????.

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? ????? ????? ?? ???? (???? ??????? , ????? , ????'??? , ????? ?????? ??????) - ???? ???? ????? ??? 2007 , ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? . ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?- 1966 ???, ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. ?- 29 ????? 2005 , ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ??? ????, ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? 2007 ????? (?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????). ????, ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????? , ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????.

? ?????? (???? ?????? ) ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? .

? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????. ?????? , ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? (UTC+2.5) ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ^[17]. ????? 2006 ? 2007 ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? 2008 , ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? . ???? 2011 ????? ????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ???? 2023 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ^[18].

????? ? ?????? , ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????-??? ???? ???, ?????? ?-2008 ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? . ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?- 1 ????? ??? 27 ??????? 2008 , ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?- 1 ??????? ^[19]. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ? 27 ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ?-1 ????? ?? 30 ??????? 2008.

? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ? ???? ??? ^[20]. ? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? , ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? , ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? . ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???, ?? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? .

????? ???? ???? ????? 2015?2024 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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2015	27 ????	25 ????????	212	29 ????	25 ????????	210	8 ????	1 ???????	238
2016	25 ????	30 ????????	219	27 ????	30 ????????	217	13 ????	6 ???????	238
2017	24 ????	29 ????????	219	26 ????	29 ????????	217	12 ????	5 ???????	238
2018	23 ????	28 ????????	219	25 ????	28 ????????	217	11 ????	4 ???????	238
2019	29 ????	27 ????????	212	31 ????	27 ????????	210	10 ????	3 ???????	238
2020	27 ????	25 ????????	212	29 ????	25 ????????	210	8 ????	1 ???????	238
2021	26 ????	31 ????????	219	28 ????	31 ????????	217	14 ????	7 ???????	238
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2024	29 ????	27 ????????	212	31 ????	27 ????????	210	10 ????	3 ???????	238

???? ????? ???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???, ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????.

???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ??? ????? ?? ??-?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? , ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????. ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? 23 ????, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? 25 ????. ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? .

? ????? , ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ( ??? ??? ), ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? . ??????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? 02:00 ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? . ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???.

???? ???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ???? ???? ??????

????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 32° ^[21], ????? ? ??? ????? , ?? ????? ???? ????? ? ?? ?????? . ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?-10 ???? ? ???? , ????? ?-14 ???? ? ??? . ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???, ??????, ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? 04:30 ?? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???, ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????.

???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? 2013 ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? 02:00, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? 02:00.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ??? ??????? ( ????? 27.07.2011 ??????? Wayback Machine ) ???? ?????
?? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? .
???? ????, ? ????? ???? ??? ?????? , ???? ???? ????? ?????? (??"?) ?? ????? , 16 ???????? 2012
??? ?????, ? ????? ???? ??? ????? , ???? ???? ????? ?????? (??"?) ?? ????? , 10 ???????? 2010
??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? (???????)
?'???? ?' ?'???, ? ??? ????? ????? - ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? , ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? , ????-???? 2009
??? ?????, ????? ????, ???? ??? - ?? ????: ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? , ???? TheMarker ‏, 20 ??????? 2018
????? ????? , ?? ????? , ???????? "??????", 19 ??????? 2019
???? ??? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
????"? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? , ???? ????? ‏, 23 ???? 2022
??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? , ??? 2024

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Myriam B.C. AriesGuy R.Newsham. " The effect of Daylight Saving Time on lighting energy use: a literature review ". Energy Policy . Volume 36, Issue 6, June 2008, Pages 1858-1866
^ Roman Time Keeping
^ ?????? ?? ???'??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? (???????)
^ Hudson, George Vernon
^ Spring Forward: 100 years of British Summer Time
^ Ellen Castelow, British Summer Time - Historic UK , Historic UK, ‏26 ???????? 2017
^ Philip Johnston, ? Home front , The Telegraph , 22 January 2007
^ ??? ???? ??????: ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? , ???? ????? ‏, 26 ???? 2011
^ worldtimezone
^ Energy Conservation Potential of Extended and Double Daylight Saving Time
^ The facts on electricity consumption and Daylight Saving
^ The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Daylight Saving Time (???????)
^ ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? , ???? ynet , 9 ??????? 2011
^ ???? ???? ?????? ????? , ??? , 2 ??????? 1951
^ Shifts to and from Daylight Saving Time and Incidence of Myocardial Infarction
^ Kazakhstan canceled shifting to the "summer" and "winter" time
^ Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011
^ Ahmad ElDardiry, [tz Egypt daylight savings will be back], ‏Wed Mar 1 11:56:53 UTC 2023
^ Morocco’s Daylight Saving Ends Earlier than Expected
^ Amy McKeever, Every season actually begins twice?here’s why , National Geographic, ‏31 ???? 2023
^ ??? ???? , ?????? ??????: ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? 32 ????? ?? ????? , ???? ???? , 31 ???? 2021

??? ?????

[1] Myriam B.C. AriesGuy R.Newsham. " The effect of Daylight Saving Time on lighting energy use: a literature review ". Energy Policy . Volume 36, Issue 6, June 2008, Pages 1858-1866

[2] Roman Time Keeping

[hebrewRTL-ref1-3] ?????? ?? ???'??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? (???????)

[4] Hudson, George Vernon

[5] Spring Forward: 100 years of British Summer Time

[6] Ellen Castelow, British Summer Time - Historic UK , Historic UK, ‏26 ???????? 2017

[7] Philip Johnston, ? Home front , The Telegraph , 22 January 2007

[hebrewRTL-ref3-8] ??? ???? ??????: ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? , ???? ????? ‏, 26 ???? 2011

[9] worldtimezone

[10] Energy Conservation Potential of Extended and Double Daylight Saving Time

[11] The facts on electricity consumption and Daylight Saving

[12] The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Daylight Saving Time (???????)

[hebrewRTL-ref2-13] ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? , ???? ynet , 9 ??????? 2011

[14] ???? ???? ?????? ????? , ??? , 2 ??????? 1951

[15] Shifts to and from Daylight Saving Time and Incidence of Myocardial Infarction

[16] Kazakhstan canceled shifting to the "summer" and "winter" time

[17] Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011

[18] Ahmad ElDardiry, [tz Egypt daylight savings will be back], ‏Wed Mar 1 11:56:53 UTC 2023

[19] Morocco’s Daylight Saving Ends Earlier than Expected

[20] Amy McKeever, Every season actually begins twice?here’s why , National Geographic, ‏31 ???? 2023

[21] ??? ???? , ?????? ??????: ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? 32 ????? ?? ????? , ???? ???? , 31 ???? 2021

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