????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? (1904) . ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? (1912) .

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???????? ????????, ??????????? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ???????: ????? ?-10 ????? ?????? (?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????), ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?-10 ????? ??? ? ??????? ?'???' ????? . ? ?????????? ?????? (1908) ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?-3 ?????. ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ? ????? ????? ????? . ??????????? ???????? (1912) ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????, ?? ?? ?????? ?-10 ?????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? . ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? 5 ????? ??????? ?? 10 ?????. ??? ? ?????????? ???????? (1920) ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?-3 ?????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? . ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? (1924) , ???? ?????????? ??????? (1928) ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?-3 ??-10 ?????. ?????? ??? ???? ?? ? ?????????? ????? (2000) , ?? ????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????, ??????? ?-3 ??-10 ?????.

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???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????. 18 ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????. ???? ???? ??????? 12 ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????.

??? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? 0 ?-10. ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????. ??, ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? 3 ???? 10X3X3=90, ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? 3.7 ???? 10X3X3.7=111. ??????? ???????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????.

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????? ????? ??? ???????? ?-21 ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ???? ?-80 ?? ???? ?-20 ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ? ?????????? ??? ???'?? (1984) , ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????. ???? 122 ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ????????? ?-49, ?????? ?-40, ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?-33. ????? ???????????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?-26 ???? 32 ?????? ??? ???????.

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