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??????? (? ?????? : ‏ Potsdam ^ⓘ‏ ^?‏) ??? ???? ?????-????? ? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??. ???? ?????? ? ???? ?????? , ?? ???? ??? ?????? , ?-26 ????????? ????-?????? ????? ????? .

???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? ????? ???, ???? ? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? , ??? ????? ?????? . ???????, ?????? ????????? ????, ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? .

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?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???, ??? ?????, ??????? ???? ?-10 , ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? (Poztupimi) ?????? ???? ; ???? ????? ??????? ???? 993 . ?? ??? 1317 ??????? ??? ?????? ??????- ??? ????, ?? ??? ?????? ????? ? ??? ?? ????? ????, ???? 1345 . ???? 1573 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? (?-2,000 ??????), ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ( 1618 ? 1648 ), ?????? ???? ?????.

???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? (????? ?????? ???????) ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? , ? ???? ????? ?? ????????? , ??????? ?? ??? ????? ? ??? ???, ??? ??????? ?????? ???? 1660 ; ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? - ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????; ????? ?????? (? ?????? : "??? ?????") ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ???, ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? .

???? ???? ?-17 ????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ; ????? , ???? , ?????? , ?????? ??? ????? , ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???.
??? ? ???? ?-18 , ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? , ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????.

???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? , ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???, ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?"??? ????? ??????" ????? ??? ???? ???? 1918 , ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ???????.

????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ?- 21 ???? 1933 ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? .

??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? . ????? ?????????? (Cecilienhof) ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?- 17 ????? ??? 2 ??????? 1945 , ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ???? ????? , ??????? ?'??'?? , ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????.

???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? . ?????? ??, ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? - ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ? ??????? ???? ???????. ????? ????????? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ????. ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? . ????? ???, ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????, ??? ????; ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? .

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???????? ???? ??? (Burgermeister) ? ????? ??? ??? ? ???? ?-19 . ??? ???? 1809 ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? (Oberburgermeister). ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????; ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? .

? ???? ??????? , ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ??????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? 2003 , ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? 2008 . ??? ????? 1990 ?- 1999 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?"???? ????", ???? ?- 1999 ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? "???? ??? ????? ????", ?? ????????? ?? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????.

??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????????, ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????: ??? ?????? (Jann Jakobs) ?????-????? ??????? (Hans-Jurgen Scharfenberg). ?????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ?? 50.1%, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????.

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?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????. ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? 1991 ??????????? ????? ????????? . ???? ???? ???????????, ????? ???????? ???? 1948 ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? , ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???????? (Hochschule fur Film und Fernsehen) ??? ????? ???? 1954 . ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? , ???? ???? ??? ????? , ???? ????????? (Fraunhofer Society), ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? , ?????????? ? ????? .

???? ???, ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ? ???? ???????? , ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????.

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???? ???? (Alter Markt) ??? ???? ???? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ?-Stadtschloß, ??? ???? ???? 1662 . ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? , ?????? ????, ??? ?????? , ????? ????? ? ???? ?? ????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? 1945 , ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? , ?????? ???? ???? 1961 ?? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? . ???? 2002 ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ??, ???????? ??? ???? ???????, ???? ????? ?????? ???????.

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