???? MSK 64
???
?????
????????????
?? 12 ????? ??????
????? ???????
, ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????/???? ????? ???? ????? ????
[1]
. ????? ???? ??????? ????
1964
?? ??? ????? ????? (
???? ???????
), ?????? ?????? (
???? ??????
), ?-???? ????? (
?'?????????
)
[2]
. ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???. ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????
[?]
??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????
??????
??
???? ?????
. ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????:
???? ???????? ??? ?????
,
???? ?????
???????.
????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? I ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? II ?? IV ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??
??? ???
,
???? ????
?????, ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????.
????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????
[3]
.
????? V ??????? ????? ??? ??????, ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???/???? ?????.
????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????: A - ????? ?????, B - ????? ???????, C - ????? ????. ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????
????? ????? (?????????)
, ?????? ????? ????? ???? - ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????.
????? ???? ????? ???? ?????: 1. ??? ?? (slight damage); 2. ??? ???? (Moderate damage); 3. ??? ??? (Heavy damage); 4. ??? (Destruction); 5. ??? ????? (Total damage). ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ????? - ?????, ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???/???? ?????? ?: ????? ?????? (2% - 9% ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????; ????? ???? (10% - 50% ???????); ?? ??? ?????? (51% ?? ???? ??100%)
[4]
[5]
.
?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????
???? ?-70
??????
???? ?-80
[6]
. ??? ?? ?????
???? ?-90
, ???????? ???????????? ???????? (ESC) ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? MSK, ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????
(
??'
)
, ???? ???? ??? ??-???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????
[2]
.
?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????: ??????????, ????? ???? ??????? ????????
[7]
.
????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?
??? ?-20
???????, ??? ????? ????? MSK, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????
[6]
. ???????? ???? ?????? ?"?????? ?????? ??????" ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? - ??? ????? ?????? ?????.
?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ?????
[?]
.
- ^
?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????: ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???.
- ^
????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? - ??? ?
???? ????? ??????
????? ???.
- ^
Bolt, B.A.,
Earthquakes
, F&C, 1999, (Bolt, 1999), p.339.
- ^
1
2
The European Macroseismic Scale EMS
, GFZ - Germen Research Center for Geosciences
- ^
??? ????,
????? ????? ?? ??? 1927 - ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
, ???? ?????????? ??-?????? ????, ?????? 1999, ??' 43?'.
- ^
Karnik, V., Schenkova, Z., Schenk, V., 1984,
Vulnerability and MSK Scale
, Research Gate
- ^
????? ?????? ????? MSK 64 ????? ?: ??? ????, 1999.
????? ????? ?? ??? 1927 - ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
. ?????????? ??-?????? ????, ???? ?'.
- ^
1
2
Lapajne, J., 1984.
The MSK-78 Intensity Scale and Seismic Risk
. Engineering Geology, 20: pp. 105-112.
- ^
??? ????,
????? ????? ?? ??? 1927 - ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
, ???? ?????????? ??-?????? ????, ?????? 1999, ??' 44?'.