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Texas
סמל טקסס
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דגל טקסס
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????? Lone Star State
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???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
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 ? ? ????? 29,145,505 ( ?????: 2, 1 ?????? 2020)
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??????????? 31°N 100°W  /  31°N 100°W  / 31; -100  
????? ??? ?????? UTC -6, -7
www.texas.gov
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

??????? (? ?????? : ‏ Texas ? ‏) ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? , ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????-???? ? ?????? . ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????????? (???? ????????? ), ??? ???? (???? ????? ). ???? ???? 2020 ???? ?? 29.1 ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?-690,763 ??"?. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????, ???? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ????? ???, ? ????? ??? ? ????????? ?????? ?????.

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??????????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ??????? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ??? Caddoan, Atakapan, Athabaskan, Coahuiltecan, ?-Uto-Aztecan. ??? ??????? ?????-??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????'?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????, ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????????, ???????, ?? ????? ????. ?? ????? ?????? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ???. ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????-????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ???? ???????'? ????? ????, ?? ??? ????-????? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?-16. ?????. ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ????-??????, ????????, ?? ????? ?????? ???????.

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????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???, ?? ?????? ????. ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? - ????? ???? ???? ????????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ????????? ?-1803, ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????. ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???, ????? ????? (????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????) ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????, Houma Choctaw, Lenape ?-Mingo Seneca, ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???.

?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??. ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ????? ???? ????? ??? ??. ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????.

????? ????? ????, ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????. ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????, ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? - ???? ??? ?? ???????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????, ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.

??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? (????? ?????): ??????? ????? ( ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ), ??? ?? ??? ( ???? ), ??? ?????? ( ?????? ), ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ( ?????????? ), ??? ???????? ???? ( ???????? ???? ) ? ??? ????? ????? ( ????? ????? )

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??? ?? (???? 1681 ) ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????

?- 1519 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?- 6 ??????? 1528 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? (Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca) ???????? ?????? ????? ??. ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ?- 1685 ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????, ? ???? ??? ????? , ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????. ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? 1718 , ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? . ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????.

????? 1749 ?- 1785 ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????'? ???? ???????'? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?-18 , ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ?-19 ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? . ?- 1799 ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????? , ????? ??? ????, ???????? ???? ???????, ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? , ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????.

?- 1821 ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? . ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ??? ? ????? , ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??, ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? [1] ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? 1830 ????? ???? ??-30,000.

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?????? ???????? ???? 1836?1845
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? ???? ?-30 ?? ???? ?-19 , ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? - ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? [1] - ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?-1821, ??- 1835 ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????, ??? ???? ???. ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????, ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????. ?- 2 ???????? 1835 ???? ?????? ??????? ??- 2 ???? 1836 ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????.

???? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???? , ????? ?- 21 ?????? 1836 ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? , ?? ?????? ? ???????? ? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? . ????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? , ?????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ????, ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ? ???????? , ??? ?????? ?? ????, ??????? ????? ????? ??????, ??????? ?? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????.

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?????? ????? ?????- ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?-40% ????? ?? ?????? (????). ???? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? ??????

??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????, ????? ???, ??? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ???? ?- 1845 , ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?'???? ???? , ???? ????????, ????? ?????, ??- 29 ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?-28. ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ???????????? , ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ???.

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??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? , ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ?- 1 ???? 1861 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???, ?- 12 ?????? 1861 ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????????. ???? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????, ????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?- 12 ???? 1865 ????? ???? ????? ??????????.

???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????, ??????? ???? ? ?????? . ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? . ?- 19 ????? 1865 , ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? , ?????? ?? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?'??????' . ?- 20 ??????? 1866 , ????? ????? ????? ?'????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????.

?- 30 ???? 1870 ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ?-70 ?? ???? ?-19 ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????.

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????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????: ?????, ?????, ?????, ????? ??????. ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????: ???? ? ???? , ???? ? ???? , ? ???? ?????? ? ?????????? ??? ???? . ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? (?????? ???? ????, ???? ????? ????) ???? ??????? ????? (????? ???? ????? ????) ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? . ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???, ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????.

???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? . ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ? ?????? , ??????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? . ????? ????? ???, ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????.

????? ?? 3,700 ????? ???? ?? ?-15 ????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ???? , ? ??????? ?? ????, ???? ?????, ? ?????? ?? ?????? , ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?-30 ?? ???? ?-20. ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?-100 ????? ??? ????????? ??????.

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???? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????: ? ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? 200 ?"? ?? ??? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?????? ??? 1,400 ?"?. ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????, ????? ??? ????????? ?? 26 ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?-38 ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? . ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 139 ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ???? ?-2017 ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??198.6 ??????? ????.

???? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????- ???? 680,000 ??????? ?"? ?? ???? ??-????? ????. ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???, ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.

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????? ?? ????, ?????? ?- 1876 , ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ???'???? . ??? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? 1. ????? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????.

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????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????, ??? ????? , ???? ??????, ?????? ??????, ????? ??????, ?? ? ?????? , ?? ? ????? , ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? (??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ?? ?????? ? ??? , ? ?? , ? ??? ?? ??????? ??????). ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? (??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????), ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? , ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? (?????) ?? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????.

????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? , ??? ??????? ????? 150 ?????, ?????? ????? 31 ?????. ???? ?-2021 ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? , ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ?????. ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??.

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????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? (??? ????? 1982 ? 2007 ????? ????? ????? 400 ?????). ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? , ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? , ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????. ???? 2005 , ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ? ????? ???? 40 ????, ???? ??????? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.

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????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ???? 32 ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?-1976, 40% ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? 2008 ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????, ????? ???????, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????.

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???? ?????? ?-38 ?????? ?????? , ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????, ??????? ?-51 ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ?-254 ??????, ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????, ????? ?????, ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????.

?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????. ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????: ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ???????, ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????, ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?-5000 ??????, ???????? ???????, ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?????.

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?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?-20 . ??? ?????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ?- 1960 ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????, ??- 1964 ???? ????? ????????, ?????? ?'????? , ????? ????? ?????, ?????? "?????? ?? ?????". ?- 1973 ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ????? 2003 ??? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? , ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?-19 ???? 32 ???? ??????? ?? ??????????. ????? ??? ??? 1994 ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?'??? ???? ?- 1976 .

???? ???? 2016, ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ???? 1980 ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????. ?- 2000 , ??- 2004 ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? 60% ???????. ??? ?? ??????? ?" ?? ???? " ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? 5 ????.

?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????, ???? ? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????, ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????, ? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ?????, ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????.

?????? 38 ???????? ??????? ???????. ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ? ?'?? ?????? ???????????.

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ?? 2006 ??? ? ??"? ?? ???? 1,090 ??????? ???? , ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? 43 ??? ????. ???? ?????????? ?? ????, ?????? ?? ?????? ????????, ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ????????? . ????? ??????? ???? 6 ???? 50 ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?-56 ???? ?-500 ???????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????, ???? ??? ??? 2010 ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????.

?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ?????, ? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ? ?????? ???????.

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ? ????? , ? ????? ?? ???

???? ??? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ???? , ?? ?????, ??? ????? ????, ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? , ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? , ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? , ??????? , ????? ? ?????? , ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ?????? ???? , ??? , ??? , ??? ? ??? .

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??? ?????, ????. ???? ?????? 4356 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? , ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??-3.3% ?????? ? ???? ?? ??????

???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ?? ???? , ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? .

????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? 1,300 ??????? ??? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? 730 ??? ??? ????? ???? ???. ????? ???????? [????? ?????] ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????. ???? 2016 ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? 20 ??????? ????? ??? ?-16 TCF ?? ????, ????? 2018 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????: 46.3 ??????? ????? ??? ?-281 TCF ?? ????. [2]

???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????: ????? ???? ???????? , ????? ????? ? ??????????? .

??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????, ??? ????????? ???. ?? ???? ?????? , ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????.

????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ?'????? ??????? ????

??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ? ??????? , ???? ????? ????? - ????' ????' ???? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ? ???????????? ????? ??, ???????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? , ?????? ? ?????? ???????, ???? ??????????? , ?????? ? ?????????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? , ????? ????? ?????? ????? . ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??- 2008 ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ???????????? .

??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?'????? , ????? ?? ???"? ?????-???? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????? , ?????? ?????' ????', ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ??F-16 , ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??F-35 . ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? , ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? , ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????.

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???????? , ? ???????? ? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ???? AT&T , ????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ???????? , ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? , ?- Men's Warehouse , ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???.

?- 2006 , ???? ??????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? . ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? 150,800 ??????? ????, 22,100 ??????? ???? ??- 2005 . ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ????, ???? ????? ????, ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????, ??????? ? ?????? . ????? ????-???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ????-???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????.

??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ??-?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????. ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? - ?????? ????? ??????? - ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????. ?????? ?'???? - ??? ????????? ???????? ???? - ????? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ????-???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????.

??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? 2019, 64.4% ??????????? ????? ?? ??????, ?-35.6% ????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? 30% ???? ?????????? ????? ??????. ?-50,742 ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????-????????. ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? 47,098 ??????; ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? 27,956; ???????? ?-31,581; ????? 22,616; ????????? 81,022 ??????? 43,360; ?????? ?? ??? 26,281 ??????.

????? ????????? ?? 2010, 65.8% (14,740,304) ?????? ???? ??? 5 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ???? ?-29.2% (6,543,702) ????? ??????, 0.75% (168,886) ????????? ?????? (?????? ???????? ???????) ????? ?????? ?? ??? 0.56% (122,921) ??????????? ??? ???.[249] ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? (???? ?????? ????) ?-0.33% (73,137), ?????? ?? 0.29% (64,272) ?????, ??????? (???? ?????? ????'??) ????? ?? ??? 0.25% (55,773) ????????. ??? ????????, ?'???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????.

?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, [3] ??????? ????? ????? ?????? " ????? ???"? " ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ????????? [ ???? ???? ] (77% ???? ???? 2014). [3] ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???-????? (18%), ?????? (1%), ??????? (1%), ????????? (1%) ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??. [3]

???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? 2014 ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? (31%), ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ( ??' ) (13%) ??????? ??????????? ????-????????? (6%). ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???, ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??20% ???????? ??? ? ??????????? , ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????????????. ???? ??? ?????? ???????????, ??10% ?????? ?????? " ???? ??????? " ( ??' ) . ???? ???????????, ? ?????? ??????? ??23% ???????????, ? ???????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??1% ???????????. [3]

???? 1990, ?????????? ???????? ???? ?-140,000, ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? 350,000 ?-400,000 ???? ???? 2012. ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? 128,000 ???? 2008. ???? 2020 ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?-176,000. ???? ???? 2004, ????? ??? ?-146,000 ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????.

????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ????? ????
??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????

?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ? ??? ?-16 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?- 1816 . ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?- 1835 , ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?- 1852 , ????? ???? ?? ???? ?- 1868 ??? ????? ??? ????? , ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?- 1859 ? ?????? , ???? ?- 1874 ?? ??? ??? ???????. ?-1874 ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?? ??????? , ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? .

???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? . [4] ?- 1990 ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?-108,000, ????? ???? 2010 ????? ???? ???? ?-128,000. ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? , ???? ???? ???? 2010, ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? .

?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? , ??? ??? ????? 1846 ? 1851 ???? ??? 1979 ? 2005 . ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? 2002 ? 2007 ????? ???????.

?????? ????? ????? [3]
??????
?????????? ??????????? 31%
?????????? ????? 19%
?????? 23%
???????? 1%
?????? ????? 3%
???? ?????
?????? 1%
??????? 1%
????????? 1%
??? 2%
???? ????? ??? 18%
?????? ?????? ????? [5]
????? ??-???????? 45.3%
?????? 11.8%
???????? 37.6%
??????? 3.8%
???????? ?????? 0.8%
????? 2.7%
?????? ???? ???? ????? [6]
?????? 10.4%
????? 7.5%
?????? 6.7%
???????? 5.3%
?????? 2.5%
??????? 1.9%
?????? 1.5%
???? ??????? ????? [6]
?????? 65.2%
?????? 29.6%
??? 5.2%

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????

???? ???? 2000, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?-500,000 ?????, ?????? 2 ?? ??? ???? - ????? ? ?????? . ????? ?? ??? ???? 25 ????? ????????? - ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? 5 ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? - ??????, ?? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?????? ? ???? ????' , ?? ?? ?????, ?? ?? 20 ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ??????? ??? ????? .

????? ??????? ????? (????? 2013) [7]
????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????????
1 ?????? 2,195,914 ??????
2 ?? ??????? 1,409,019 ?? ???????
3 ????? 1,257,676 ?????-???? ????'
4 ?????? 885,400 ??????-????? ???
5 ???? ????' 792,727 ?????-???? ????'
6 ?? ???? 674,433 ?? ????
7 ????????? 379,577 ?????-???? ????'
8 ?????? ?????? 316,381 ?????? ??????
9 ????? 274,409 ?????-???? ????'
10 ????? 248,142 ?????
11 ???? 239,538 ????
12 ????? 234,566 ?????-???? ????'
13 ???????? 228,653 ?????-???? ????'
14 ?????? 196,429 ??????
15 ???? ?????? 183,372 ?????-???? ????'
16 ?????????? 181,860 ??????????-??????????
17 ?????? 152,735 ??????
18 ????? 148,559 ?????-???? ????'
19 ????? 143,484 ?????-???? ????'
20 ????? 137,147 ?????-????
21 ?????? 136,791 ?????-???? ????'
22 ????? 136,639 ?????
23 ????? 129,030 ?????
24 ??????? 126,700 ?????-???? ????'
25 ?????? 123,933 ??????
26 ????? 123,099 ?????-???? ????'
27 ?????? 120,099 ??????
28 ?????? 117,796 ??????-???? ?????
29 ????? 110,720 ?????
30 ????? ??? 109,821 ??????-????? ???
31 ???'??? ???? 104,898 ???'??? ????
32 ???'????? 104,475 ?????-???? ????'
33 ????????? 101,074 ?????-???? ????'
34 ????? 100,223 ?????
35 ??????? 100,065 ??????
36 ????' ?????? 100,050 ????' ??????
???????????? ??????? ????? (????? 2014) [8]
????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????
1 ?????-???? ????' 6,954,330 ???? ????
2 ?????? 6,490,180 ???? ????
3 ?? ??????? 2,328,652 ???? ????
4 ??????-????? ??? 1,943,299 ???? ????
5 ?? ???? 836,698 ???? ????
6 ????? 831,073 ???? ????
7 ?????? ?????? 448,108 ???? ????
8 ?????-???? 424,858 ???? ????
9 ??????????-?????????? 420,392 ???? ????
10 ??????-???? ????? 405,427 ???? ????
11 ???? 305,644 ???? ????
12 ????? 266,673 ???? ????
13 ????? 260,430 ???? ????
14 ?????? 259,885 ???? ????
15 ????' ?????? 242,905 ???? ????
16 ????? 218,842 ???? ????
17 ???????? 217,481 ???? ????
18 ?????? 168,592 ???? ????
19 ?????? 161,290 ???? ????
20 ????? 153,904 ???? ????
21 ???'??? ???? 151,536 ???? ????

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

'??? ???'- ?????? ????? ?? 16 ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????

????? ????? ???? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ? ?????? . ? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? , ????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? , ???????? ??????? . ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ???, ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? , ? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????'?? ??????????, ????? ??? ?????? ?- NFL ???? ??????? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????'?? ??? ??????? , ???? ?????? ? ???? ?-NBA , ?? ??????? ???? , ?????? ????? ? ????? ??????? , ??? ?????? ? ???? ?-WNBA , ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?- NHL , ???? ? ???? ??? . ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?- AFL ?????? ??????? ??????, ??- MLS ???? ? ?????? , ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? , ????? , ???? ? ??? .

????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????, ??? ?? ????? ?????'? ???-??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ???? ???????? . ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ????' (DFW), ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????

????? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? , ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???-???. ???? ???? 2005, ?? ????? 127,999 ??????? ?? ???? ????, ????? 71,000 ??????? ?-1984. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? 130 ??????? ???? , ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.

??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? , ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ?-135 ????? ???? ????? ????? ?-40 ??????? ?????. ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? . ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????'???? ????????? , ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????.

???? ???? 2008 , ????? ???? ?-1000 ????? ????? ?-1,600 ??????? ?? ????? . ????? ???? ??????? ?-1,000,000 ????? ??????? ???? 317 ?????? ??? ?? ?????? . ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??-10 ?????. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?- 1900 .

????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?- 1872 , ???? ???? 1911 , ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? 2005 , ?? ????? 22,540 ?"? ?? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ??? 1932 , ?? ??? ????? 27,484 ?"?. ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? , ??? ????? ????? ?????? 70 ?"?, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? 12 ?"?. ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 12 ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? 100,000 ????? ????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? . ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????

????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????, ?? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? . ??? ??? ???? 2006 , ??-25% ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? , ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ????? ?-12 ????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??? , ??-2008 ????? 4 ?????? ????? ??? 25 "????? ?????? ?????" ?????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ???, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?"25 ????? ????? ?????".

????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? 8 ??? ??? ??????? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????????? . ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? , ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? . ??????? ????????? ??????? 2 ???? 8 ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? 4 ?????? ?????.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????????? ???? ???????

?????? ?????? ?? ???? (Texas Education Agency) ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ?-1,000 ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ???, ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????). ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????.

???? ?- 2007 , ????? ???? ????? 26 ?????? ???? 50 ??????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ??????? , ??????? ???? ??????? ????? . ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????, ?? 15 ??????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????.

????? ?????? 181 ??????, ???????????? ?????? ????. ?????????? ?????? , ?????????? ???? ???? , ?????????? ???? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? A&M ?? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? 145,000 ??????? ????. ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?-17 ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ????
??? ??? ???? ?????
??? ????
Flag of Texas
??? ????
Seal of Texas
"??????"
"Friendship"
"????? ????? ?????"
"Lone Star State"
?? ??? ????? ???
????
Pecan
??????
Bluebonnet
????? ?????
Mimus polyglottos
???? ????????
Texas Longhorn

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ 1 2 ??? ??????, ?????: ??? ?? ????, 5, ???????? ???? ?? ???????, ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? , ?????: ????, 2019, ??' 96-99. (???????)
  2. ^ Permian Oil Reserves May Be Twice As Big As We Thought
  3. ^ 1 2 3 4 5 "Texas" , Religious Landscape Study, Pew Research Center
  4. ^ Operation Texas: LBJ and the Rescue of European Jews from Hitler , www.gilmermirror.com
  5. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau Data" . U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
  6. ^ 1 2 American FactFinder - Results
  7. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013" . United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  8. ^ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014" (CSV). 2014 Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2015.