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2007
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1964
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1973
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1994
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1976
.
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2000
, ??-
2004
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?????
?????
???? ???????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???
?????
, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????
?????
,
???????
,
?????
?
??????
, ??? ?? ??????
???
?????. ??????
??????
, ???? ?????? ??????
????
,
???
,
???
,
???
?
???
.
???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?
?????? ??????
??? ?
?? ????
, ??????? ?????? ??? ????
??????? ???
????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????
???
.
????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? 1,300 ??????? ??? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? 730 ???
??? ?????
???? ???. ????? ????????
[????? ?????]
???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????. ???? 2016 ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? 20 ??????? ????? ??? ?-16 TCF ?? ????, ????? 2018 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????: 46.3 ??????? ????? ??? ?-281 TCF ?? ????.
[2]
???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????: ????? ????
????????
,
????? ?????
?
???????????
.
??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ?
???
??
???????
????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????, ??? ????????? ???. ??
???? ??????
, ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????.
??? ???????? ?? ????
??????
??? ???? ?
???????
, ???? ?????
?????
-
????' ????'
???? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?
??? ??
????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?
????????????
????? ??, ???????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????
??
, ?????? ?
??????
???????,
???? ???????????
, ?????? ?
??????????
?
????????? ???? ??????
, ?????
????? ?????? ?????
. ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??-
2008
????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?
????????????
.
??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???
???? ???? ?'?????
, ????? ??
???"?
?????-???? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????
??????? ????
?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ???????
????????????
?????? ????? ??????? ????. ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?
?????????????
??
?????? ?????
, ?????? ?????' ????', ????? ????? ????? ?
????? ??F-16
, ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????
????? ??F-35
. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????
?? ??????????
, ???? ?? ?? ????
???????
, ?????? ???? ????????
???????????
???????? ?????.
?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?
????????
, ?
????????
?
?????
?
????? ??????
??????? ????? ??????. ????? ????
AT&T
, ????? ?
?????
??????? ?????? ?????,
????????
, ????? ?????? ????? ??????
?????
, ?-
Men's Warehouse
, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ????? ?
?????
???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???.
?-
2006
, ???? ??????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?
????
. ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? 150,800 ??????? ????, 22,100 ??????? ???? ??-
2005
. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???.
??? ????? ????, ???? ????? ????, ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????,
???????
?
??????
. ????? ????-???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
????-????????
???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????.
????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ??-?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????. ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? - ?????? ????? ??????? - ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????. ?????? ?'???? - ??? ????????? ???????? ???? - ????? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ????-???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????.
??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? 2019, 64.4% ??????????? ????? ?? ??????, ?-35.6% ????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? 30% ???? ?????????? ????? ??????. ?-50,742 ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????-????????. ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? 47,098 ??????; ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? 27,956; ???????? ?-31,581; ????? 22,616; ????????? 81,022 ??????? 43,360; ?????? ?? ??? 26,281 ??????.
????? ????????? ?? 2010, 65.8% (14,740,304) ?????? ???? ??? 5 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ???? ?-29.2% (6,543,702) ????? ??????, 0.75% (168,886) ????????? ?????? (?????? ???????? ???????) ????? ?????? ?? ??? 0.56% (122,921) ??????????? ??? ???.[249] ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? (???? ?????? ????) ?-0.33% (73,137), ?????? ?? 0.29% (64,272) ?????, ??????? (???? ?????? ????'??) ????? ?? ??? 0.25% (55,773) ????????. ??? ????????, ?'???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????.
??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????
??????
?????,
[3]
??????? ????? ????? ?????? "
????? ???"?
" ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????????
[
???? ????
]
(77% ???? ???? 2014).
[3]
??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??
???-?????
(18%),
??????
(1%),
???????
(1%),
?????????
(1%) ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??.
[3]
???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? 2014 ???? ??? ???? ????? ??
???????????
??????????
(31%), ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?
?????????? ?? ??? ?????
(
??'
)
(13%) ??????? ???????????
????-?????????
(6%). ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???, ?????? ?
????????
?????? ??? ???? ?? ??20% ???????? ??? ?
???????????
, ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????????????. ???? ??? ?????? ???????????, ??10% ?????? ?????? "
???? ???????
"
(
??'
)
. ???? ???????????, ?
??????
??????? ??23% ???????????, ?
????????
?
??? ????
?????? ?? ??? ??1% ???????????.
[3]
???? 1990, ?????????? ???????? ???? ?-140,000, ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? 350,000 ?-400,000 ???? ???? 2012. ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? 128,000 ???? 2008. ???? 2020 ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?-176,000. ???? ???? 2004, ????? ??? ?-146,000 ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????.
- ??? ????? ?
????? ????
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?
??? ?-16
????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?-
1816
. ?????? ???? ???
?????? ???????
?-
1835
, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????.
??? ?????? ??????
?????? ???? ?????
????????
?-
1852
, ????? ???? ?? ???? ?-
1868
??? ????? ??? ?????
,
??? ?????
???????
??????. ??? ?????
???????????
?????? ???? ??? ?-
1859
?
??????
, ???? ?-
1874
?? ??? ??? ???????. ?-1874 ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?
?? ???????
, ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?
?????
.
???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????
????? ????? ??????
??????
???? ????
.
[4]
?-
1990
????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?-108,000, ????? ???? 2010 ????? ???? ???? ?-128,000. ??????? ???????? ????? ???
????? ?????
, ???? ???? ???? 2010, ??? ??????? ????? ??
????? ??????
.
?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?
??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
, ??? ??? ?????
1846
?
1851
???? ???
1979
?
2005
. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
2002
?
2007
????? ???????.
|
?????? ?????? ?????
[5]
|
????? ??-????????
|
45.3%
|
??????
|
11.8%
|
????????
|
37.6%
|
???????
|
3.8%
|
????????
??????
|
0.8%
|
?????
|
2.7%
|
|
?????? ???? ???? ?????
[6]
|
??????
|
10.4%
|
?????
|
7.5%
|
??????
|
6.7%
|
????????
|
5.3%
|
??????
|
2.5%
|
???????
|
1.9%
|
??????
|
1.5%
|
|
???? ??????? ?????
[6]
|
??????
|
65.2%
|
??????
|
29.6%
|
???
|
5.2%
|
|
???? ???? 2000, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?-500,000 ?????, ?????? 2 ??
??? ????
-
?????
?
??????
. ????? ?? ??? ???? 25 ????? ????????? - ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? 5 ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????.
????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? - ??????,
?? ???????
??????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?????
??????
?
???? ????'
, ?? ?? ?????, ?? ?? 20 ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ??????? ???
?????
.
????? ??????? ????? (????? 2013)
[7]
|
?????
|
?? ????
|
?????????
|
??? ??????????
|
1
|
??????
|
2,195,914
|
??????
|
2
|
?? ???????
|
1,409,019
|
?? ???????
|
3
|
?????
|
1,257,676
|
?????-???? ????'
|
4
|
??????
|
885,400
|
??????-????? ???
|
5
|
???? ????'
|
792,727
|
?????-???? ????'
|
6
|
?? ????
|
674,433
|
?? ????
|
7
|
?????????
|
379,577
|
?????-???? ????'
|
8
|
?????? ??????
|
316,381
|
?????? ??????
|
9
|
?????
|
274,409
|
?????-???? ????'
|
10
|
?????
|
248,142
|
?????
|
11
|
????
|
239,538
|
????
|
12
|
?????
|
234,566
|
?????-???? ????'
|
13
|
????????
|
228,653
|
?????-???? ????'
|
14
|
??????
|
196,429
|
??????
|
15
|
???? ??????
|
183,372
|
?????-???? ????'
|
16
|
??????????
|
181,860
|
??????????-??????????
|
17
|
??????
|
152,735
|
??????
|
18
|
?????
|
148,559
|
?????-???? ????'
|
19
|
?????
|
143,484
|
?????-???? ????'
|
20
|
?????
|
137,147
|
?????-????
|
21
|
??????
|
136,791
|
?????-???? ????'
|
22
|
?????
|
136,639
|
?????
|
23
|
?????
|
129,030
|
?????
|
24
|
???????
|
126,700
|
?????-???? ????'
|
25
|
??????
|
123,933
|
??????
|
26
|
?????
|
123,099
|
?????-???? ????'
|
27
|
??????
|
120,099
|
??????
|
28
|
??????
|
117,796
|
??????-???? ?????
|
29
|
?????
|
110,720
|
?????
|
30
|
????? ???
|
109,821
|
??????-????? ???
|
31
|
???'??? ????
|
104,898
|
???'??? ????
|
32
|
???'?????
|
104,475
|
?????-???? ????'
|
33
|
?????????
|
101,074
|
?????-???? ????'
|
34
|
?????
|
100,223
|
?????
|
35
|
???????
|
100,065
|
??????
|
36
|
????' ??????
|
100,050
|
????' ??????
|
|
???????????? ??????? ????? (????? 2014)
[8]
|
?????
|
?? ??????????
|
?????????
|
?????
|
1
|
?????-???? ????'
|
6,954,330
|
???? ????
|
2
|
??????
|
6,490,180
|
???? ????
|
3
|
?? ???????
|
2,328,652
|
???? ????
|
4
|
??????-????? ???
|
1,943,299
|
???? ????
|
5
|
?? ????
|
836,698
|
???? ????
|
6
|
?????
|
831,073
|
???? ????
|
7
|
?????? ??????
|
448,108
|
???? ????
|
8
|
?????-????
|
424,858
|
???? ????
|
9
|
??????????-??????????
|
420,392
|
???? ????
|
10
|
??????-???? ?????
|
405,427
|
???? ????
|
11
|
????
|
305,644
|
???? ????
|
12
|
?????
|
266,673
|
???? ????
|
13
|
?????
|
260,430
|
???? ????
|
14
|
??????
|
259,885
|
???? ????
|
15
|
????' ??????
|
242,905
|
???? ????
|
16
|
?????
|
218,842
|
???? ????
|
17
|
????????
|
217,481
|
???? ????
|
18
|
??????
|
168,592
|
???? ????
|
19
|
??????
|
161,290
|
???? ????
|
20
|
?????
|
153,904
|
???? ????
|
21
|
???'??? ????
|
151,536
|
???? ????
|
|
????? ????? ???? ???? ?
??? ?????
?? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?
???
?? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?
??????
. ?
?????
??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??
??????
??? ????? ?????.
??????
, ????? ???? ???? ?
??????
???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??
??????? ??????
,
????????
???????
.
?? ???????
??????? ??????? ?
??????
???, ?
?????
????? ?? ??? ??
????? ????? ?? ????
, ?
????
????? ????? ?????? ?????.
?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???
??????
????? ???????? ?????'?? ??????????, ????? ??? ?????? ?-
NFL
???? ??????? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?
????'?? ??? ???????
, ???? ?????? ?
???? ?-NBA
,
?? ??????? ????
,
?????? ?????
?
????? ???????
, ??? ?????? ?
???? ?-WNBA
, ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?-
NHL
, ???? ?
???? ???
. ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?-
AFL
?????? ??????? ??????, ??-
MLS
???? ?
??????
, ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??
????? ???????
?
????? ?????
,
?????
,
????
?
???
.
????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????, ??? ?? ????? ?????'?
???-???
????? ???
????? ????????
?
???? ????????
. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
??? ???
?????
?????? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???.
????? ?
?????? ???????
?? ????,
??????? ????????
???????? ????????
, ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???-???. ???? ???? 2005, ?? ????? 127,999 ??????? ?? ???? ????, ????? 71,000 ??????? ?-1984. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? 130
??????? ????
, ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.
??? ??????
????? ????? ????? ????? ?
?????
, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????, ????? ????
??????
?-135 ????? ???? ????? ????? ?-40 ??????? ?????. ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????
??????? ?????????
. ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????
????'???? ?????????
, ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????.
???? ????
2008
, ????? ???? ?-1000
?????
????? ?-1,600 ??????? ??
?????
. ????? ???? ??????? ?-1,000,000 ????? ??????? ???? 317 ?????? ??? ??
??????
. ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??-10 ?????. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?
???? ??????
?-
1900
.
????? ?????
??????? ????? ????? ?-
1872
, ???? ????
1911
, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ????
2005
, ?? ????? 22,540 ?"? ?? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ???
1932
, ?? ??? ????? 27,484 ?"?. ????? ????? ??
?????? ???? ????
, ??? ????? ????? ?????? 70 ?"?, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? 12 ?"?. ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 12 ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? 100,000 ????? ????.
????? ???????
?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????, ?? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????
???????
. ??? ??? ????
2006
, ??-25% ??????????? ????? ???
????? ?????
, ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ????? ?-12 ????? ?????? ??????? ?
????? ???
, ??-2008 ????? 4 ?????? ????? ??? 25 "????? ?????? ?????" ?????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ???, ???? ??
??????
???? ?"25 ????? ????? ?????".
????? ?????? ??? ?
??? ??????
??????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? 8 ??? ??? ??????? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ?
????? ??????
???? ??? ??? ?
??????????
. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????
???? ?????
???? ?????. ?????? ?????
?????? ???????? ?????? ??
, ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????
??? ????
. ??????? ????????? ??????? 2 ???? 8 ??????? ??????? ?????
??? ?????? ????????
4 ?????? ?????.
?????? ?????? ?? ???? (Texas Education Agency) ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????
??? ????
????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ?-1,000 ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ???, ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????). ???????
?????
?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??
????? ????
????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????.
???? ?-
2007
, ????? ???? ????? 26 ?????? ???? 50 ??????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?
???????
, ??????? ???? ???????
?????
. ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????, ?? 15 ??????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????.
????? ?????? 181 ??????, ???????????? ?????? ????.
?????????? ??????
,
?????????? ???? ????
,
?????????? ???? ???????
?
?????????? ???? A&M
?? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? 145,000 ??????? ????.
?????????? ????
??????? ????? ?????? ?-17 ????? ????? ?????? ?????.
- ^
1
2
??? ??????, ?????: ??? ?? ????, 5,
???????? ???? ?? ???????, ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????
, ?????: ????, 2019, ??' 96-99.
(???????)
- ^
Permian Oil Reserves May Be Twice As Big As We Thought
- ^
1
2
3
4
5
"Texas"
, Religious Landscape Study, Pew Research Center
- ^
Operation Texas: LBJ and the Rescue of European Jews from Hitler
, www.gilmermirror.com
- ^
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