??????

**??????** ( ????? )
**Montana**
??? ??????	??? ??????
	??? ??? ????? ???????
???????	Treasure State - ????? ?????? ; Big Sky Country - ??? ?????? ???????
????? / ????????	????? ?????
????	??? ?'????????
???? ??????	??? ???????? ?? ??????
???? ? ?????	????
???? ??????	???????
??? ?????	??????
????? ?????	8 ??????? 1889
?? ??	????? ????? ?? ??????
??? ?????	41
???	381,156 ??"? ( ????? : 4)
? ??? ????? ???	3,862 ??"? 1%
????	1,035 ?????
? ?????? ??????	3,901
? ?????? ??????	549
?????????	‏
? ? ?????	1,084,225 ( ?????: 44, 1 ?????? 2020)
? ??????	2.95 ??? ? ??"? ( ????? : 48, 2022)
???????????	47°N 110°W / 47°N 110°W
???? ???	UTC -7
	www.mt.gov
	??? ????? ; ??? ?????? ; ???? ??? ?????? ???? (???? ?????? ?????) ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?. ; ? ; ? ; ? ; ? ; ? ; ?. ; ? ; ? ; ? ; ? ; ? ; ??????

??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? (?????????) .

??? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????

?????? (? ?????? : Montana ‏ ????? ^ⓘ‏ ^?‏) ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? . ??? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ; ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ?? ??????????, ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ?-44 ??????.

???? 1893 ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? . ??????? ???? ??? ? ????? ?? ???? , ?????? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? (??? ??????????? ??? ? ????????? ).

?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ( ?'?? ????? ) ? ?????? ?????.

???? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??? ??? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? "????? ?????". ?- 1864 ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??? "?????" ??????, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ??????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? , ?????? ? ????'??? , ????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? , ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? . ??????? ??? ?????? ???????: ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????? (????? ?? ????????? ???????) ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ????? .

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???. ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? C° ‏ 29.2 ??????? C°‏ 2.2. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?-20 ????? 1893 , ??-5 ????? 1937 ????? ?????? C°‏ 47 ???. ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????. ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? 1954 ?? C°‏ 70? ??????? ??????? ?-C°‏ 56.7? ????? ????? ????, C°‏ 37.8? ??? ???? ???'??. ?????, ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?-24 ????, ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?-C°‏ 50 ?-C°‏ 60. ????? ?????? ?'??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?-15 ?????? 1972 , ????? ?-24 ???? ???? ????????? ?-C°‏ 49? ?-C°‏ 9.

????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 1,580 ?"? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ?? 7 ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????.

?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? 2007 ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? 20% ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? 80% ?????? ??????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??.

??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ? ????? ????????? , ???? ????? ????? 15 ??????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.

????? 1850 ? 1880 ???? ???????? ??????? ?????.

?- 26 ???? 1864 ????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???????, ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????. ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ?-1876 ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? . ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????.

?????? ???? ? ????? ?-41 ?? ????? ????? ?- 8 ??????? 1889 .

???? 1925 ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? 8%. ??? ??, ??? ???? ?????????, ???? ???? 2010, 89.45% ???? ?????????? ?? ????? (87.8% ????? ????? ???????) 6.3% ????????? ??????? ??????, 2.9% ??????? ????????, 0.6% ????????, 0.4% ????????????????????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?-2% ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?????, ??????, ????????, ?????? ????????, ?? ???, ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? (????????) ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? 2000, 94.8% ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. 47% ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? , 23% ??????? , 20% ??? ???????? ????, 1% ????????? , 0.5% ?????? , 0.5% ??????? ?- 0.5% ??????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?? ??? ???? ????? , ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? "????" ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 19.6%.

???? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????: ???? (50 ?????? ? ?? ??? ?? 16?34 ??????????? ^{[????? ?????]}) ???? ?????? (100 ?????? ? ?? ??? ?? 32?68 ??????????? ^{[????? ?????]}). ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????.

???? ?????? ?? 2 ?????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? . ???? ??? ?? ??? ????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ?- 1990 . ?-2010 ????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ?????. ?-2021 , ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? 2022. ?? ?? 2 ??????? ????? ??: ????? ????? , ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? 2022, ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? , ? ??? ???????? ??????????, ????? ??????? ?-2020 ????? ????? ???????? 2022 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????, ????? ??????? ???.

?????? ????????, ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?-1988 ?? 2006 ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ????. ??? 1992 ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????. ??????? 2008 ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?'?? ????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ???????, ??? ??? 1889 60% ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??-40% ?????? ??????????. ?????? ????????, ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

???? 1916 ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?'?? ????? .

??????? ?? ??? ?? 4 ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?'?? ???? ???????? ? ???? ????? ??????????.

???? ?????? ??? ??? ?'???????? , ????? ? ???? ?-25 ?? ????? ??????. ???? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????.

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? , ?????? ? ????? . ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?????, ?????? ??????? ??? ???? , ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????, ????????? ???????? ?? ?????, ???, ?????? , ???? ???? ? ??? ???? . ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ^[1].

?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?-20 ??-30 ?? ???? ?-20 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?-40 ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ?-50 ?? ??? ???? ?-60 ???? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ?-70 ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ?-80 ???? ????? ????? ^[2].

?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? 3.2% ???? ????? 2001-2008 ^[3] ????? 2010 ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ^[4]. ???? 2015 ??? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?-4%, ???? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ^[5] ??- 2019 ??? ?-3.8%. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? .

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? .

??? ? ???? ?-19 ???? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ?-2013 ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????.

??? ????? ? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????

?????? ????? ??????? ^[6]
??????
?????????? ???????????	28%
?????????? ?????	14%
??????	17%
????????	4%
?????? ?????	2%
???? ?????
?????????	1%
???	4%
???? ????? ???	30%

?????? ?????? ??????? ^[7]
????? ??-????????	87.8%
???????? ??????	6.4%
????????	2.9%
???????	0.6%
??????	0.4%
?????	2.5%

?????? ???? ???? ??????? ^[8]
??????	28.6%
?????	15.2%
??????	12.6%
????????	9.1%
????????	6.8%
??????	5.1%
???????	3.5%
??????	3.1%
??????	3.1%
???????	2.6%
??????	2.5%

???? ??????? ??????? ^[8]
??????	95.4%
??????	1.3%
???	3.3%

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ??????? (????? 2013) ^[9]
?????	?? ????	?????????	??? ? ?????????
1	???????	108,869	???????
2	??????	69,821	??????
3	????? ????	59,152	????? ????
4	?????	41,660
5	????	33,980
6	????	29,943

???????????? ??????? ??????? (????? 2014) ^[10]
?????	?? ??????????	?????????	?????
1	???????	166,885	???? ??????
2	??????	112,684	???? ??????
3	????? ????	82,344	???? ??????

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ??????
???	???	????	?????
??? ?????? Flag of Montana	??? ?????? Seal of Montana
		"??? ????" "Oro y plata"	"????? ?????" "Treasure State"
??	???	?????	???
??? ???? Ponderosa Pine	??????? Bitterroot	??????? ?????? Western meadowlark	??? ?????? Grizzly bear

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???????? ????? ?? ??????
?????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Montana , Netstate
^ Montana: A History of Two Centuries , page 314
^ Montana's economy sees stronger growth in 2013 , missoulian, December 29, 2013
^ Jobs Report: Montana Ranks High for Economic Growth , September 1, 2014, flatheadbeacon
^ Montana’s Unemployment Rate Drops to 4 Percent , flatheadbeacon
^ "Montana" , Religious Landscape Study, Pew Research Center
^ "U.S. Census Bureau Data" . U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
^ ¹ ² American FactFinder - Results
^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013" . census.gov. May 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
^ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014" (CSV). 2014 Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2015.

[1] Montana , Netstate

[2] Montana: A History of Two Centuries , page 314

[3] Montana's economy sees stronger growth in 2013 , missoulian, December 29, 2013

[4] Jobs Report: Montana Ranks High for Economic Growth , September 1, 2014, flatheadbeacon

[5] Montana’s Unemployment Rate Drops to 4 Percent , flatheadbeacon

[6] "Montana" , Religious Landscape Study, Pew Research Center

[7] "U.S. Census Bureau Data" . U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved 2011-07-13.

[American_FactFinder_-_Results-8] ¹ ² American FactFinder - Results

[9] "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013" . census.gov. May 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.

[10] "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014" (CSV). 2014 Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2015.

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