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Чорнобильська катастрофа (? ????????? )
תחנת הכוח לאחר האסון
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????? 26 ?????? 1986
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????? ???? ???? ???????? ?'?????? , ???????? אוקראינה ????????
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?????? 54 ????? ?????, ??? 4,000 ??93,000 ????? ????? ???.
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית
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???? ??'????????? ??? ????? ??????? , ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? . ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?-20 . ????? ???? ????? 7, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? .

?????? ?????? ?- 26 ?????? 1986 ???? 01:23 ????? ???? ? ???? ???? ???????? ?'?????? , ????? ???? ???????? , ?-16 ?"? ?????? ?? ?????? , ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ? ???? ??????? . ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? , ?-18 ?"? ????? ?'?????? ??-110 ?"? ? ???? . ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 'AZ-5' ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????. ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??-?????? .

?????? ?????? ?? ?-30 ?"? ????? ????, ???? ??-600 ??? ????? (????? ????????????? ) ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ????? 54 ??? ???, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????? . ????? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? (????? ???? ????? ????? ) ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ??????. ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????, ?? ??? 2005 ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?-50 ???? ????, ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?-4,000 ???? ???? [1] . ????? ???, ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????, ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?-93,080 [2] . ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????.

????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? , 26 ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?'?????? .

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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???? ???? ???????? ?'?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? 1970 ?? 1983 . ?????? ???? ???? ???? 4, ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ?????, ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? 1,000 ???-???? ????. ????? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? .

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?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? [3] . ????? ???? 25 ?-26 ?????? 1986 ????? ???? ???? 4 ?????, ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? , ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? (?????? ???? ?? ????) ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ?? ???. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????, ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? 135. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????, ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????, ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? "AZ-5" ? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????, ??????? ? ????? , ???? ???? ????????? ?????, ?????, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ????? , ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????.

?????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ??? ? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???, ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????.

?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? , ?? ?? ?? ???????, ???? ? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? 300 ? ???? ????? ?????? ????? (13?16 ??????? TNT ) ???????? ?? ????? [4] . ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????????, ????? ? ?????? . ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?-200,000 ??????.

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? [5] . ?????? ????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? " ???????? " 3 ???? ???? ????? ?????: "????? ????? ????? ???? ?'?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ??????? ?????". ???? ?????? ??? ??, ????? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??'?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?- 1 ???? . ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? [6] .

????? ??????? , ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????, ???? " ???????????? ", ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? [7] . ????? ?? ?? ???????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? , ????????? ???? ?? ????? ? ??????? : ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????.

????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ????????? , ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? , ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????? , ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?-10 ???? ????, ?? ????? 3 ???? ????? ????? [8] .

????? ??? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????, ????? ??? ????? ???? ????. ?????, ??? ??? ?????? " ?????? " (???? ?????), ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??. ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? [9] . ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? [10] . ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? 1986 ??? ??? ?? ?????? (Corium) [11] , ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? . ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ????? " ??? ???? ".

???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? 2016

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???? ??'?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? (???? ????? ?????). ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????. (??? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ?????? , ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? , ???? ????? ??????? ??). ???? ??'?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? (????? ????? ??????) ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????.
????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?"?.
????? ?'?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????.

?????? ????????? ?????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????-137 ???????, ?????, ?????????. ??????? ???? ???????? ?????.

???? ???? ??????, ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? , ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????. ????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ????????? -90 ? ????? -137, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?-30 ???. ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? (?????, ??? ???? ????? ????) ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?'?????? 36 ???? ???? ?????? [12] [13] . ?? ??? 1986 , ????? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? 30 ????????? ????? ? ?-130,000 ?????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? " ????? ????? ?? ?'?????? " ( ??' ) ?? "???? ?????? ????????". ?? ???, ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? 30 ?????????. ????? ?-300,000 ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????; ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????.

??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?'?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? [14] . ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ????, ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? [14] .

?????? ????? ?????? ????? 54 ??? ???, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????? , ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? [14] . ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? (????? ???? ????? ????? ) ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ???????? ???? ??? ?-4,000 ??? [15] ?-93,000 ??? ??? [2] . ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????.

?? ???, ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ???????, ???? ????????, ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? 1,000 Bq/kg, ???, ?? ????, ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ????? 2001 ?- 2005 ????? ????, ???? ????? ???? 1999 ??"??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?'??????.

?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?"???? ?????? ????????", ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? " ???? ?? ?????? ". ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? [16] . ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? [17] . ?-2021 ?? ???? ???????? ? ?????"? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? , ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? [18] .

????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????, ???? Chernobyl Children International ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? .

????? ?'?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?-80 ?????? ???? ?-90 ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? 1991 7,142 ????? [19] . ?????? ????????????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? 1993 ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?'?????? ????????? ??????.

????? ??"? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?'?????? ??????? ??"? ???? ???? ?'?????? [20] [21] [22] .

??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????????? ("???????"), ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? . ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?'?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????, " ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?'??????, ????"??2001 ". ???? ???? 2012 ???? ????????, ????? ?????, ???? ?? ?-1,400 ??? [23] . ????? ??? 2011, ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?'?????? ????? ?????????.

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ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?'?????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ Chernobyl: the true scale of the accident , ????? ??????? ??????
  2. ^ 1 2 The Chernobyl Catastrophe, Consequences on Human Health, Greenpeace 2006 , ‏2006-04-18
  3. ^ What caused the disaster | The Chernobyl Gallery , ‏2013-02-15 (???????)
  4. ^ ????? ????? ??? ???, ????? ????????, ??? 53
  5. ^ ????? ???? , ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? , ????? , 29 ?????? 1986
  6. ^ ??? ?????, ?????????: ?????? ?????? , ????? , 2 ???? 1986
  7. ^ ???? ????? , ????? ????? | ????? ????? ??'?????? , ???? ???? , 31 ????? 2009
  8. ^ ????? ????, ?????? "???? ?????" ?? ?'?????? , ????????? ????
  9. ^ אתר למנויים בלבד ???? ????????, ???? ???? ????? , ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?'?????? , ???? ???? , 30 ?????? 2014
  10. ^ ?????? ???????? ???? ????? , ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????, ‏2019-06-27
  11. ^ ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????
  12. ^ Chernobyl, A Nuclear Disaster, Emergency, Evacuation . 1996. (?????? ???? ????, 1.7.2019)
  13. ^ Preface: The Chernobyl Accident , ICRIN Project. (?????? ???? ????, 1.7.2019)
  14. ^ 1 2 3 ???? ????, ???? ?'?????? , ????? , 9 ?????? 1991
  15. ^ Chernobyl: the true scale of the accident , ????? ??????? ??????
  16. ^ ???? ????? , ?'??????, ????????, ????? ????? | ????? ????? ??'?????? , ???? ???? , 31 ????? 2009
  17. ^ ???? ???? , 18 ??? ???? ?????: ?'?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? , ???? ???? , 29 ?????? 2005
  18. ^ אתר למנויים בלבד ???.?? , 35 ??? ???? ????? ???????, ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??'?????? , ???? ???? , 26 ?????? 2021
  19. ^ ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?'?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? , ????? , 29 ???? 1991
  20. ^ ???? ???? , ????? ????? ??? ??? ??196 ???? ?'?????? ?????? , ????? , 5 ??????? 1990
  21. ^ ??? ????, ?? ?? ?????? ????, ?????? , ????? , 1 ???? 1991
  22. ^ ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?'?????? - ???? ??"? , ????? , 12 ??????? 1990
  23. ^ ??? ???? ?????? ???????
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