Channel 4
(??????: ???? 4) ??? ???
????? ??????
??????
?????? ??????
, ????? ?? ??????? ?-
2 ???????
1982
. ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????????. ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? BBC One ?-BBC Two ??????
????
, ???? ????? ?????? ???
ITV
[1]
. ???? ?? ???? ????? ?
??????
??
????
, ?? ?????? ?????? ?
??????
?
???????
.
???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?
?????
; ????? ???? ?????
???? ??
?? "???? ?????? ???????" (IBA), ???? ????? ???
1993
??????, ??????? ?? ???, "????? ???? 4" (Channel Four Television Corporation),
???? ?????? ??????
?????? ???? ??????, ????? ?????? ??
????? ???????
. ?-2010, ???? 4 ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?
?????
, ?? ???? ??? 1982 ???? ???? ??? "S4C", ???? ??????? ???? ?
?????
.
"????? ???? 4" ????? ????
????? ????????
?????? ??? "Film4" (???? ?????), "E4" (???? ?????) ?-"4Music" (???? ??????). ????? ????? ?????? ?? "All 4", ?????
????????
?
????? ?? ?? ?????
????? ??? ????? ??????.
???? ???? ???? 4 ?-S4C, ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? BBC1, BBC2 ?-ITV. ??? ?????? 1980 ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ?-2 ??????? 1982
[2]
. ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ITV ?-1954. ????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????
???? ?-70
??????
???? ?-80
??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? "ITV 2" ?? "IBA 2", ????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ????????? ?? ITV ?????? ?????? ??-???? ??? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ITV ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ITV ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? 4, ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???, ????? 4 ???? 13.6% ?????? ?????
[1]
.
?? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 4 ???? ????????? ??????? ???????, ?? ??????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???
[3]
. ?????? ?? ??? ????"? ??????, ?'??? ??????, ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????
[4]
. ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? 10% ????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ???????. ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????
[5]
. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ???, ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? 4 ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????: "
????, ????
" (1984), "
????? ??????? ???
" (1985), "????, ?? ???? ?? ???" (1987), ?"?????? ???????" (1988) ??????
???? ????????
[6]
.
?-1993 ??? ????? ??????? ???? ITV, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?-"????? ???? 4", ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????
[7]
. ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????, ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???. ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? "
?????
" ?"
ER
".
??????
???? ?-2000
, ??? ???? 4 ????
???????
??
???????
????? ??? "
??? ?????
" ???? ?????? ???
[8]
, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????
?????
?
????? ?????
. ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????
[9]
. ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????, "4Ventures", ???? ??: Film4, At the Races, E4 ?-More4. ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????
??????
?
???????
.
???? 2003 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?"?????????" ???? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?
????????
, ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????.
???? 2005 ????? ??? ?
????? ???????
, ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ??????? ?????? ??? (????? E4 ?-Film4), ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????.
?-
10 ??????
2007
???? ???? ????? ??????
HDTV
???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?-HD ????? ???. ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? 4, ????????? ?????? ?????? ??
SD
????? ?? ?????? ?? HD. ??? ?-2022 ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?-HD ????.
??? ????? ??? ????? ??????, ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ?'??? ??????,
?????
????? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????
[4]
. ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ????????
????
?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ???????? ???????
??? ???
[10]
.
??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???:
- "Between the River and the Sea"
(1983) -
??? ??????
?? ????? ?
?????? ???????-???????
, ????? ???? "????? ??????" ??
????? ??????
?? ?????
?
??? ????
, ??????
?? ???
??????
???? ????
[11]
. ???? ??? ???????? ??????, ????? ???? ??????? ????
[10]
.
- "The First Christian"
(1984) - ???? ???????-???????? ?? ???? ??
??????
????? ??????
???? ?????????
. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? "???? ??????" ??
???? ?????
????? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????????
[10]
. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???, ????? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????
[12]
.
- "Field Diary"
("???? ???") - ??? ?????? ??
???? ?????
???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????
????? ????? ???????
??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????-??? ?? ???????, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?-1984
[10]
.
- "
???? ???
"
- ????? ?????????? (1986) - ????
1985
??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? "???? ???" ??
???? ??????
????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ??19 ??7 ?????
[13]
. ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????
???? ????
?????? ????? ?'???? 4' ??? ???????
1986
[14]
. ?? 1988 ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? - ??????, ??????, ?????? ???????, ?????? ??12 ??????
[15]
.
- "The Light: A Life of David Ben-gurion"
(1986) - ??? ??????-????? ????? ?????? ???' ??????', ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????
[16]
. ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??
??? ??-??????
. ??????' ???, ????, ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????
[17]
.
- "??? ???"
(1987) - ??? ????? "??? ??????" ??????
????????? ???????? ????????
???? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????
??? ????
?
???? ????
, ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??
???? ???????
,
???? ????????'
,
?????? ??????
????? ?????
[18]
.
- "????"
(1988) - ???? ???? ???? ??
??? ?????
?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ??????? ????? ????? 1973?1983 ?? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?'???? 4' ???? ??????
[19]
. ?????? ????? ????? ?-6 ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?'???? 4'
[20]
.
- "??????"
(1989) - ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? 1989
[21]
.
- "
?????? ??????
"
(1989) - ??? ?????? ?? ?????
????? ?'?? ????
, ??
??? ?????
?
???? ???????
???????? ???????. ???? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????
[22]
.
- "Stranger in a Strange Land"
(1990) - ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????-??????
??? ?????
????? ????? ??????
[23]
.
- "???? ?????"
(1991) - ???? ??????? ????
???? ????
?? ?????
????? ???? ???????
, ????? ?????? ?????
[24]
.
- "The Big Battalions"
(1992) - ????-???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ??????, ??????? ??????? - ?? ??? ??? ??????, ???????, ???????, ??? ???????, ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????
[25]
. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????
???? ????
,
????? ????
?
????? ?????
[26]
.
- "
???? ????
" (2004) - ??? ?????? ????
??? ???
?????
?'???? ????
, ????? ??
?????? ???????-???????
. ????? ???? ?? ????, ???? ?????-???? ?'???? ???? ?????? ????? ??"?
[27]
. ???? ????? ???? ????.
- "
??????
"
????-???? ????????-?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??
????? ??????
??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? "??? ?????"
[28]
.
- "????? ??????"
("The Common Denominator") (2013) - ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? "?????? ??????"
[29]
.
- ?????? "????? ????" ?"?'??? ?????? ?????" ????? ?? ??? ????? ?-2016, ????? ??????
MIPTV
, ????? ?????? ?? ???????
[30]
. ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????
"
???????
" ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? Loaded
(
??'
)
[31]
.
???? 4 ???? ????? ?? "publisher-broadcaster", ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ?? ???, ?????? ????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????; ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???
[7]
. ?????? ???, ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????, ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?-BBC ??-ITV (?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? 25% ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? 1990) ???? ????? ????, ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????, ???? 4 ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?
????? ???
?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? (?????? ?????? ?????????), ???? 25 ???? ????? ???? ?????.
???? 4 ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??
?????? ???????
?????? ?? ???????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? 4 ???? ???? ???????, ???? ?????? ??????? ??. ???? 4 ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? 'stranded programming', ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???. ???? ???? ??? ??????; ????? ????? ????, ???? ????? "T4" ??????? ??????? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ??? ????? (????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????); Friday Night Comedy, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????, 4Music ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? (????? ????? ????) ?-4Later, ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????.
- ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? (???, 1982)
- ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?
???? ????? ??
???
?'???? ?????
[32]
. ????? ???? ?
??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
????????? ????-???? ???????
[33]
.
- "Countdown"
-
???????
?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?-1982, ?? ???? ????? ????? (??????? ???? ????? "??? ????" ?"
???-??
")
- "Brookside"
-
????? ????
??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?-1982 ?????? ?? 2003. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?-8 ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?-1994, ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?-1985
[6]
.
- "The Tube"
(
??'
)
- ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 1982?1987 ??????? ?'??? ????? ?????? ????, ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? 1986 ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????, ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? "????? ????" ????? ??????,
???? ??????'??
?? ???? "??? ????? ??????",
???? ???
?? ???? "?????", ???? "
????
", ????? ???? ?? ?????
?????? ?????
[34]
.
- "End of Empire"
(???? ?? ???????) - ???? ??????? ???????? ?? 13 ????? ?? ????? ???????
???????? ???????
, ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?-20, ?????? ?-1985. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??:
??? ???
,
???? ????
,
?? ?????
,
????? ??
?
???? ?????
. ????? ????? ?
???????? ???????
??? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????
[35]
. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??????
????? ??????
[36]
.
- "
????? ????
"
(Queer as Folk) - ???? ???????? ???? 1999 ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?
??? ????'
??
???'???
???? ???? ????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???
?????? ????
????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??, ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?-
yes ????????? ???????
[37]
.
- "
????? ?? ??? ?'?
"
- ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? 2000 ?? ????
??? ???? ???
???? ??????
[38]
, ????? ????? ?? "??? ?'?", ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? "The 11 O'Clock Show", ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???
[39]
. ????? ????? ?????? ???? YTV ?? yes ????????? ???????
[40]
.
- "??? ?????"
- ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? 2000 ?????? ?? 2010 (??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? - Channel 5)
[8]
.
- "
???? ????? ????
"
- ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????, ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?-2005. ????? ????? ???? ?
???? ??????
????? ?????? ?-2011 ??? "
???? ????? ????
"
[41]
.
- "Codex"
- ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?-2006 ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????. ????? ?? ?????? ??? "
?????
" ???????
?????? ??????
[42]
.
- "
??????? ??
"
(MisFits) - ???? ????? ?????? ?-2009 ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??
[43]
.
- "
????? ??? ????
"
-
??????
????? ?
????? ??? ???
?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??
????? ???
,
??? ????
,
?????? ????
??? ??????
?
??? ???
. ????? ????? ??????? ???????
2011
[44]
.
- "
??????
"
- ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ?????????, ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????
?????? ????????
[45]
.
- "Goggle Box"
- ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ??????????? ?????? ?? ????
[46]
. ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? "??????"
[47]
.
- "
????
"
- ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????
??????
??? ?????
1981
?-
1991
?
??????
, ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????
???????
??????? ???? ????? ???? ?
?????
????????. ????? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ????? ??
yes ????????? ???????
, ????? ???????? ??????
[48]
.
????? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? 4 ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? (IBA) ????????? ???????? ??? ITV, ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? 4 ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??? ?-ITV ????? 4 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??, ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??.
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? 1990, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????. ????? ???? ?? ????? "??? ??????", ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ITV. ?? ???, ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????, ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?-1998. ???? ????? ???? ?? ITV, ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ITV ????? 4.
???? 2007 ???? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? "
????
", ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????
[49]
. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? 14 ?????? ???"? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????. ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????????, ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?-BBC. ?? ???, ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ?????? ??????, ???? ??????
[50]
.
???? ???? 2022, ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ?????, ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???'????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????. ??????, ???? ???? 2012 ???????? ??????? ??? 925 ?????? ???"? ???? 91 ?????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????
[51]
.
- ^
1
2
???? ???,
??? ?? ???? 4?
, ????
????
, 4 ??????? 2008
- ^
?????? ????, ??? ??. ??. ???????,
???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????
,
???
, 1 ??????? 1982
- ^
???? ??????? ??? ???????, ????????,
"???? ??? ????? ?????? "
,
????? ?????
, 27 ?????? 1983
- ^
1
2
??? ??,
??? ??????, ???? ?????
, ????
???? ???????
, 25 ????? 2013
- ^
??? ?????,
?????? ?????
, ????
???? ???????
, 1 ????? 2001
- ^
1
2
???? ????
, ??????,
????????? ??? ???????
,
????? ?????
, 29 ??????? 1988
- ^
1
2
????? ????, ?
????? ?? 4 Channel
, ????
?????
, 23 ?????? 2000
- ^
1
2
???.??
,
???? 4 ?????? ???? ?? "??? ?????"
, ????
????
, 27 ??????? 2009
- ^
??????????
, ?
????? ???? ????? ???
, ????
?????
, 20 ??????? 2002
- ^
1
2
3
4
??? ???
, ??????,
???? ???
,
?????
, 3 ???? 1984
- ^
Between the River and the Sea" - Ram Levi - 1983 - 90 min"
, IDFA
- ^
???? ???,
??????????? ????? ?? ???
, ????
???????
, 11 ????? 2009
- ^
????? ?????????: ????? ?? ??? ???? ???
,
????? ?????
, 12 ???? 1986
- ^
?? ???,
???? ??????? ????? ???? ????
,
?????
, 4 ??????? 1986
????? ????,
"???? ???" ??? ????? - ???????
,
?????
, 10 ??????? 1986
- ^
???? ??? ? ????"??
,
?????
, 24 ???? 1988
- ^
? ?????????,
"????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? - ?????? ???? ?? ???"
,
?????
, 19 ???? 1984
- ^
"The Light" The life of David Ben Gurion by Kenneth Griffith
, ????? ????? "Kenneth Griffith Archive", ????
??????
(????: 01:52:01)
- ^
???? ????
,
????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????
,
?????
, 28 ???? 1987
????? ?????
,
??????? - ?????? ???????
,
????? ?????
, 23 ??????? 1988
????? ????,
??? ??? ???? ?????
,
?????
, 16 ??????? 1988
- ^
?????: ????
,
?????
, 9 ?????? 1986
- ^
??? ???
,
??? ???? - "????" ?? ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???, ????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??????
,
?????
, 24 ??????? 1993
- ^
???? ??,
????????? - "??????" ???? ?????????? ?????
,
?????
, 7 ????? 1989
- ^
???? ?????
,
???? ???? ????? ???? ??????
,
?????
, 14 ??????? 1985
- ^
????? ????,
?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????
,
?????
, 16 ??????? 1989
- ^
????? ????,
????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????
,
?????
, 28 ???? 1991
- ^
???? ????
,
??? ?????? ????? 4
,
?????
, 27 ?????? 1992
- ^
?. ?????
,
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Television Academy
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Chris Tryhorn,
Government ditches plans to give Channel 4 £14m digital switchover help
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Stuart Jeffries,
Can Channel 4 rise again?
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The Guardian
, 3 ???????? 2012