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R.E.M.

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Bosca Sonraí EagraíochtaR.E.M.
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Cineal racbhanna Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
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Data a bunaiodh Eanair 1980,  Athens, Georgia Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Bunaitheoir(i) Michael Stipe , Mike Mills , Peter Buck agus Bill Berry Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
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Treimhse oibre 1980 ?  2011
Lipead ceoil Warner Records
Concord Bicycle Music (en) Aistrigh
New West Records
Hib-Tone (1981?1981)
I.R.S. Records (1982?1988)
Warner Bros. Records (1988?) Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Seanra Rac malartach , college rock (en) Aistrigh, jangle pop (en) Aistrigh agus rac-cheol tire Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
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Saothar suntasach
Stiurthoir/bainisteoir Jefferson Holt (1981?1996)
Bertis Downs IV (1996?2011) Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Codanna
Michael Stipe , Q1045845, Q822146, Q753110 (1980?2011)
Bill Berry , Q386854, Q798487, Q753110 (1980?1997)
Mike Mills , Q798487, Q753110, Q1327329, Q12360214 (1980?2011)
Peter Buck , Q855091, Q753110 (1980?2011)
Jefferson Holt , Bainisteoir (1981?1996)
Bertis Downs IV , Q40348, Q1320883 (1982?2011) Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
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Gradam a fuarthas
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IMDB: nm1032121 Facebook: REMhq Twitter: remhq Instagram: rem Youtube: UC7eaRqtonpyiYw0Pns0Au_g Bandcamp: remhq Souncloud: remhq Spotify: 4KWTAlx2RvbpseOGMEmROg iTunes: 311145 Last fm: R.E.M. Musicbrainz: ea4dfa26-f633-4da6-a52a-f49ea4897b58 Songkick: 220219 Discogs: 74500 Allmusic: mn0000325459 Deezer: 129 Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata

Ba bhanna rac-cheoil Meiriceanach iad R.E.M. Bunaiodh iad in Athens , Georgia sa bhliain 1980 le Michael Stipe ( priomhamhranai ), Peter Buck ( giotar ), Mike Mills ( dordghiotar ), agus Bill Berry ( drumai agus cnagadh ). Ba cheann de na chead bhannai rac malartach i mbeal an phobail iad R.E.M., agus tugadh aird orthu ar dtus mar gheall ar an stil ghiotar airpeitseach ag Buck agus na gutha neamhshoileir ag Stipe. Chuir R.E.M. amach a gcead singil, " Radio Free Europe ", i 1981 ar an lipead ceirnini neamhspleach Hib-Tone . Lean an ceirnin breisithe Chronic Town i 1982, an chead cheirnin ag an ghrupa ar I.R.S. Records . Chuir an banna amach a gcead albam , Murmur , i 1983, a bhi molta ag criticeoiri, agus chuir siad lena gcail sna blianta ina dhiaidh mar thoradh de cheirnini eile, camchuairti leanunacha, agus tacaiocht o raidio colaisti . I ndiaidh blianta ratha faoi chuim, bhi cnag cuilithe ag R.E.M. leis an singil " The One I Love " i 1987. Shinigh an banna le Warner Bros. Records i 1988, agus chuir siad tus le tacaiocht do chuiseanna pholaitiula agus timpeallachta agus iad ag seinnt i laithreacha mhora ar fud an domhain.

Nuair a bhi rath cuilithe ag bannai rac malartach don chead uair, sna luath-nochaidi, cuireadh R.E.M. san aireamh mar cheannrodai an seanra, agus chuir siad amach an da albam is rathula go trachtala acu, Out of Time (1991) agus Automatic for the People (1992). Chlaon an da albam sin o fhuaim bhunaithe an bhanna. D'fhill an banna ar fhuaim rac leis an albam Monster i 1994. Chuir siad tus lena gcead chamchuairt i gceann se bliana chun an albaim a thacu; loiteadh an chamchuairt de dheasca eigeandalai leighis a bhi ag tri bhall an ghrupa. Athshinigh R.E.M. i 1996 le Warner Bros. do US$80 milliun, an conradh taifeadta is costasai riamh ag an am. D'fhag Bill Berry an banna an chead bhliain eile go siochanta, agus lean Buck, Mills, agus Stipe ar aghaidh mar bhanna triphairteach. Lean R.E.M. ar aghaidh sa chead deich mbliana eile, ag athru a stil cheoil, agus le rath measctha go trachtala agus go leirmheastach. Ionduchtaiodh an banna isteach sa Rock and Roll Hall of Fame i 2007.

Stair [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Bunu: 1980-1981 [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

I Mi Eanair 1980, bhuail Michael Stipe le Peter Buck sa siopa ceirnini in Athens inar obair Buck. Fuair an bheirt amach go raibh a mblas ceoil cosuil le cheile, go hairithe an punc-rac agus an protaphunc , Patti Smith , Television agus The Velvet Underground ina measc. Duirt Stipe, "Tharla go raibh me ag ceannach na ceirnini ar fad a bhi [Buck] ag sabhail do fein." [1] Bhuail Stipe agus Buck le Mike Mills agus Bill Berry, comhmhic leinn san University of Georgia , gan mhoill ina dhiaidh sin. [2] Sheinn an bheirt sin ceol le cheile o nuair a bhi siad in Ardscoil. [3] D'aontaigh an ceathrar dul i gcomhar le cheile ar roinnt amhran; duirt Stipe nios moille "Ni raibh sceim mhor riamh taobh thiar de." ". [1] Chaith a mbanna, fos gan ainm, roinnt mionna ag cleachtadh agus sheinn siad a gcead sheo ar 5u Aibreain 1980 ag coisir la breithe cara leo, in eaglais Easpagoideach athchoirithe. Smaoinigh an banna ar ainmneacha ar nos "Twisted Kites", "Cans of Piss", agus "Negro Wives", ach rinne siad cinneadh ar "R.E.M.", a roghnaigh Stipe go fanach o fhocloir. [4]

D'eirigh baill an bhanna as an ollscoil sa deireadh chun a n-aird a dhiriu ar a ngrupa forbartha. [5] D'aimsigh siad bainisteoir, Jefferson Holt , uineir siopa ceirnini o Chapel Hill, Carolina Thuaidh . Chuaigh ceolchoirm R.E.M. ina bhaile fein chomh mor i bhfeidhm air, bhog se go Athens. [6] Bhi rath go laithreach beagnach ag R.E.M. in Athens agus sa cheantar morthimpeall; mheadaigh na sluaite ag a gceolchoirmeacha go seasta, rud a bhi cuis le roinnt faltanais i saolreim ceoil Athens . [7] Bhi R.E.M. ar chamchuairt le linn na bliana go leith i ndiaidh sin ar fud Deisceart na Stait Aontaithe . Bhi se an-doiligh don bhanna ar an chamchuairt mar ni raibh cuairt do ghrupai malartacha ag an am. Bhi ar an bhanna an chamchuairt a dheanamh i seanveain ghorm, tiomainte ag Holt, agus mhair baill an ghrupa ar liuntas bia $2 in aghaidh an lae. [8]

Le linn an tsamhraidh 1981, thaifead R.E.M. a gcead singil, "Radio Free Europe", i stiuideo carrsheirbhise an leiritheora, Mitch Easter , i Winston-Salem, Carolina Thuaidh . Cuireadh an singil amach ar an lipead ceirnini neamhspleach aitiuil Hib-Tone . Bhi mile coip sa chead chomhdhluthu, agus dioladh an deireadh iad go tapa. [9] In ainneoin an comhdhluthu teoranta, bhi an singil molta ag leirmheastoiri, agus luaigh an New York Times i mar cheann de na deich singil is fearr sa bhliain. [10]

Ceirnini I.R.S. agus rath cultais: 1982-1986 [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Thaifead R.E.M. an ceirnin breisithe Chronic Town le Mitch Easter i Mi Dheireadh Fomhair 1981, agus bhi se ar intinn acu e a chuir amach ar lipead neamhspleach nua darbh ainm Dasht Hopes. [11] Fuair I.R.S. Records coip thaispeainte den chead seisiun taifeadta ag an bhanna le Easter, afach, coip a bhi ag scaipeadh ar feadh mionna. [12] Dhiultaigh an banna airleacan on lipead mor RCA Records , agus shinigh siad conradh le I.R.S. i Mi na Bealtaine 1982. Chuir I.R.S. amach Chronic Town i Mi Lunasa na bliana sin mar a gcead eisiuint i Meiricea. [13] Mhol leirmheas NME an cheirnin an t-atmaisfear rundiamhair ag na hamhrain, agus chriochnaigh siad, "Ta se go hiontach rud chomh neamheigeantach agus chomh cleasach seo a chloisteail." [14]

Pheireail I.R.S. R.E.M. le leiritheoir Stephen Hague ar dtus chun a gcead albam a thaifeadadh. Ni raibh an banna sasta leis an bheim a chur Hague ar fhoirfeacht teicniuil, agus d'iarr baill an bhanna ar I.R.S. an taifeadadh a dheanamh le Easter. [15] Cheadaigh I.R.S. seisiun "tastala," agus d'fhill an banna ar Carolina Thuaidh . Thaifead siad an t-amhran "Pilgrimage" ansin le Easter agus comhphairti taifeadta Don Dixon . Nuair a d'eist siad leis an rian, thug I.R.S. cead don ghrupa an t-albam a thaifeadadh le Dixon agus Easter. [16] Mar gheall ar a ndrocheachtra le Hague, thaifead an banna an t-albam tri mhodh frithoibriochta; dhiultaigh siad cliseanna an rac-cheoil, ar nos aonreid ghiotair no sinteiseoiri , a bhi coitianta ag an am, a chur ina gceol, chun mothu suthain a chur air. Moladh an t-albam criochnaithe, Murmur , go hard ag leirmheastoiri nuair a cuireadh e amach i 1983, agus d'ainmnigh Rolling Stone e mar a n-albam na bliana. [17] Shroich an t-albam uimhir 36 ar an chairt albam Billboard . [18] Ba leagan ataifeadadh "Radio Free Europe" an priomhshingil, agus shroich se uimhir 78 ar an chairt singli "Billboard" i 1983. In ainneoin an moladh a tugadh don albam, nior dioladh ach 200,000 coip Murmur , meid a bhi nios lu na mar a bhi Jay Boberg o I.R.S. ag brath air. [19]

Bhi R.E.M. ar theilifis naisiunta don chead uair ar Late Night with David Letterman i Mi Dheireadh Fomhair 1983,</ref> [20] agus sheinn siad amhran nua neamhainmnithe le linn an chlair. [21] Cuireadh an teideal " So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry) " ar an amhran sa deireadh, agus ba e an chead singil ona ndara halbam, Reckoning (1984), a bhi taifeadta le Easter agus Dixon chomh maith. Mholadh an t-albam go leirmheastach; scriobh Mat Snow o NME "dearbhaionn Reckoning gur R.E.M. ceann de na grupai is corraithi agus is iontai ar an phlainead." [22] Ce gur shroich Reckoning uimhir 27 ar an chairt albam sna Stait Aontaithe?i bhfad nios airde na bunus na bannai rac-cholaisti ag an am?ni raibh se nios airde na uimhir 91 sa Bhreatain, de dheasca dailte uireasaigh agus easpa ama ar an raidio. [23]

Michael Stipe (ar chle) agus Peter Buck (ar dheis) ar an ardan i n Ghent , an Bheilg , le linn an chamchuiart 1985 ag R.E.M.

D'athraigh an banna a dtreo lena dtriu halbam, Fables of the Reconstruction (1985). Roghnaigh R.E.M. Joe Boyd , fear a d'obair le Fairport Convention agus Nick Drake , mar leiritheoir in ait Dixon agus Easter, agus thaifead siad e i Sasana. Bhi na seisiuin nios doili na mar a shil baill an bhanna go mbeidh siad, agus bhi siad dearoil mar gheall ar dhoineann an gheimhridh agus drochbhia; [24] bhi an banna ar ti cliste mar thoradh na gcursai. [25] Thainig comhtheacs an albaim o ghruaim na seisiun sa deireadh. Chruthaigh Stipe snaitheanna sceil i stil mhiotaseolaiocht an deiscirt ; luaigh se in agallamh i 1985 gur ghlac se spreagadh on "smaoineamh ar seanfhir ina sui cois tine, ag seachadadh ... finscealta agus fabhalscealta ar an chlann clainne." [26] Dioladh nios mo coipeanna Fables of the Reconstruction na ceirnin ar bith eile a bhi curtha amach ag I.R.S. i Meiricea go dti an pointe sin. Ni raibh rath mor ag an cheirnin san Eoraip, afach, agus bhi glacadh measctha aige go leirmheastach; shil roinnt criticeoiri go raibh se duairc agus taifeadta go dona. [27] Mar aon leis na ceirnini roimhe sin, thug raidio na cuilithe neamhaird ar shingli an albaim. Bhi leisce ar an bhanna rath cuilithe a fhail, rud a bhi ag cur frustrachas ar I.R.S. [28]

Fuair R.E.M. Don Gehman dona gceathru halbam, fear a leiriu saothair John Mellencamp . Bhi guth Stipe nios gaire do thus cadhnaiochta an cheoil sa toradh, Lifes Rich Pageant (1986). Duirt Peter Buck in agallamh leis an Chicago Tribune i 1986, "ta Michael ag eiri nios fearr sna rudai ata se ag deanamh, agus ta a mhuinin ag meadu. Agus silim go dtaispeantar sin sa teilgean a ghutha." [29] Bhi diolachain an albaim i bhfad nios fearr na Fables of the Reconstruction , agus shroich se uimhir 21 ar an chairt albam Billboard . Thug raidio na cuilithe tacaiocht don singil " Fall on Me " chomh maith. [30] Ba e Lifes Rich Pageant an chead albam or ag an banna, mar dioladh nios mo na 500,000 coip i Meiricea. [31] Ce go raibh tacaiocht R.E.M bunaithe ar raidio na gcolaisti Meiriceanach fos, bhi an banna ag fail cnaga ar raidio na cuilithe don chead uair; bhi frithbheart o raidio rogha 40 na cairte fos, afach. [32] I ndiaidh dea-thoradh Lifes Rich Pageant , chuir I.R.S. Dead Letter Office amach, diolaim amhran a bhi taifeadta ag an bhanna le linn a seisiun albam. Bhi cuid mhor na rianta eisithe mar thaobhanna-B , no neamheisithe roimhe sin. Gan mhoill ina dhiaidh sin, theaglamaigh I.R.S. fiseain cheoil R.E.M. (seachas "Wolves, Lower") agus chuir siad iad amach mar an chead eisiuint fhisean ag an bhanna, Succumbs .

Rath na hurfhuascailte: 1987-1993 [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Ni raibh Don Gehman in ann an cuigiu halbam R.E.M. a leiriu, agus chomhairligh se Scott Litt doibh. [33] Leireoidh Litt an chead chuig albam eile ag an bhanna. Bhi cuid de na lirici pholaitiula is soileire ag Stipe ar Document (1987), go hairithe ar "Welcome to the Occupation" agus "Exhuming McCarthy, freagairti ar an atmaisfear polaitiuil coimeadach sna S.A.M. sna hochtoidi faoi uachtaranacht Ronald Reagan . [34] Scriobh John Pareles ina leirmheas an albaim sa New York Times , "ta Document muinineach agus ladasach; ma ta R.E.M. ar ti bogadh o stadas banna cultais go gnaoi na coitiantachta, forograionn an t-albam go rachaidh an banna ansin ar breith a mbeil fein." [35] Ba albam urfhuascailte e Document do R.E.M., agus shroich an chead singil, " The One I Love ", rogha 20 na cairte sna S.A.M., sa Bhreatain, agus i gCeanada. [18] I Mi Eanair 1988, ba e Document an chead albam ag R.E.M. a dioladh milliun coip. [36] Mar thoradh d'urfhuascailt an bhanna, dhearbhaigh cludach Rolling Stone i Mi na Nollag 1987 gurb e R.E.M. "An banna rac is fearr i Meiricea." [37]

D'fhag R.E.M. I.R.S. nuair a bhi a gconradh caite, mar nior dhail siad a gceirnini thar saile go sasuil, agus shinigh siad leis an lipead mor Warner Bros. Records . [38] Chuir I.R.S. amach an diolaim Eponymous i 1988. Bhi bunus singli an bhanna ar an cheirnin, chomh maith le roinnt amhrain annamha. Thaifead an chead albam an bhanna le Warner Bros., Green (1988), i Nashville , Tennessee , agus leirigh se an grupa ag baint tastala lena bhfuaim. [39] Bhi rianta an albaim sa reimse on chead singil, an t-amhran teann " Stand " (cnag mor i Meiricea), [40] go habhair nios polaitiula, ar nos an t-amhran rac " Orange Crush " faoin Chogadh Vitneam, agus "World Leader Pretend," faoin Chogadh Fhuar. [41] Ta 4 mhilliun coip Green diolta ar fud na cruinne. [42] Thacaigh an banna an t-albam lena gcamchuairt is mo agus is forbartha go hamharcach; bhi teilgin agus scannain ealaine ar an ardan. [43] I ndiaidh an chamchuairt Green , rinne baill an bhanna cinneadh neamhoifigiuil sos a thabhairt ar feadh na chead bhliana eile, an chead sos fada i stair an bhanna. [44] Thainig R.E.M. le cheile aris i lar 1990 chun a seachtu n-albam, Out of Time , a thaifeadadh. Bhi an stil cheoil ag an bhanna ar an albam seo an-difriuil ona n-albaim roimhe sin, mar chum baill an bhanna amhrain le ionstraimiocht neamhthraidisiunta do rac-cheol, maindilini , orgain , agus giotair fuaimiula ina measc. [45] Cuireadh Out of Time amach i Mi an Mharta 1991, agus ba e an chead albam R.E.M. ar bharr na cairteacha sna S.A.M. agus sa Bhreatain. [18] Dioladh 4.2 milliun coip an albaim sna Stait Aontaithe amhain, [46] agus 12 mhilliun coip ar fud na cruinne go dti 1996. [42] Ba chnag domhanda i " Losing My Religion ", priomhshingil an albaim, agus casadh i go rialta ar raidio agus ar MTV . [47] Ba i "Losing My Religion" an singil is airde ar na cairteacha ag an bhanna sna S.A.M., agus shroich si uimhir a ceathair ar an chairt Billboard . [18] "Ni raibh moran eachtrai athraithe saoil inar sli beatha mar gheall ar chomh dreimreach is a bhi ar sli beatha" arsa Mills blianta ina dhiaidh. "Mas maith leat bheith ag labhairt faoi eachtrai athraithe saoil, silim gur 'Losing My Religion' an ceann is gaire." [48] Ba chnag mhor i an dara shingil, " Shiny Happy People " (ceann de na tri amhran ar an cheirnin le guth Kate Pierson o The B-52's , banna Athens eile), agus shroich se uimhir 10 sna S.A.M. agus uimhir a se sa Bhreatain. [18] Chruinnigh Out of Time seacht n-ainmniuchan do R.E.M. ag bronnadh na nduaiseanna Grammy i 1992 , an meid ainmniuchan is mo ag ealaiontoir ar bith sa bhliain sin. Bhain an banna tri dhuais: an t-Albam Ceoil Mhalartaigh is Fearr , agus dha cheann do "Losing My Religion", an Fisean Ceoil Ghearr is Fearr , agus an Taispeaint Popcheoil is Fearr le Beirt no Grupa le Guth . [49] Nior chuaigh R.E.M. ar camchuairt chun Out of Time a chur chun cinn; sheinn siad sraith seonna aonanach ina hait, taispeaint a bhi taifeadta do MTV Unplugged ina measc. [50]

D'fhill R.E.M. chuig an stiuideo i 1991, i ndiaidh roinnt mionna saoire, chun a gcead albam eile a thaifeadadh. Chuir siad amach Automatic for the People i ndeireadh 1992. Ce go raibh se ar intinn ag an bhanna albam nios crua a dheanamh i ndiaidh innigh bhoig Out of Time , [51] bhi Automatic for the People dubhach sa deireadh, duirt Melody Maker gur "bhog [se] i sraoilleadh nios craite fos". [52] Bhi an t-albam ag baint le teamai caillte agus dobroin, a bhi spreagtha leis an "mothu ... [go bhfuil] triocha bliain thairis agat," dar le Buck. [53] Bhi coiriuchan tead deanta ag iardhordghiotarai Led Zeppelin John Paul Jones ar roinnt amhran. I mbarulacha neart leirmheastoiri (chomh maith le Buck agus Mills), is e an t-albam is fearr ag an bhanna. [54] Shroich Automatic for the People uimhir 1 ar chairt na Breataine, agus uimhir 2 i Meiricea; bhi tri shingil on albam i rogha 40 na cairte Meiriceanai chomh maith, " Drive ", " Man on the Moon ", agus " Everybody Hurts ". [18] Dioladh ionann agus deich milliun coip an albaim ar fud na cruinne. [42] Mar aon le Out of Time , ni dheachaigh an banna ar camchuairt chun an albaim a thacu. Mar thoradh den chinneadh seo, agus an chuma fhisiciuil a bhi ar Stipe, thosaigh luaidreain go raibh an amhranai ag fail bhais; shean an banna iad go trean. [52]

Monster agus New Adventures in Hi-Fi : 1994-1996 [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

I ndiaidh dha albam faoi shiul mall, ba "cheirnin 'rac', leis an rac i gcomharthai athfhriotail" e Monster , dar le Buck. I gcodarsnacht leis na halbaim roimhe, bhi giotair fhiartha, easpa fordhubala, agus blas glam-rac na 1970i sa cheol Monster . [55] Mar aon le Out of Time , bhi Monster i marr na cairte i Meiricea agus sa Bhreatain. [18] Dioladh ionann agus naoi milliun coip an albaim ar fud an domhain. [42] Ba iad " What’s the Frequency, Kenneth? " agus " Bang and Blame " an da shingil dheireanacha ag an bhanna i rogha 40 na cairte Meiriceanai, ce go raibh gach singil on albam i rogha 30 na cairte Briotanai. [18]

I mi Eanair 1995 chuir R.E.M. tus lena gcead chamchuairt i gceann se bliana. Ba rath mor i an chamchuairt go trachtala, ach ba sheal doiligh e don ghrupa. [56] Ar 1u Marta, thit Berry i meirfean ar an ardan i Lausanne , an Eilveis . Tharla se go raibh ainearas inchinne air. Cuireadh e faoi scian gan mhoill, agus thainig se chuige fein go hiomlan i gceann miosa. Niorbh ainearas Berry ach tus sraith fadhbanna slainte a shuaitheadh an chamchuairt Monster . Rinneadh obraid bhoilg ar Mills i Mi Iuil chun greaman steige a bhaint; mi i ndiaidh sin, bhi obraid eigeandala deanta ar Stipe chun maidhm sheicne a dheisiu. [57] I ainneoin na bhfadhbanna a bhi acu, bhi bunus albaim nua thaifeadta ag an ghrupa agus iad ar an bhothar. Thug an banna taifeadain ocht-rian leo chun na gceolchoirmeacha agus na dtastalacha fuaime a thaifeadadh, agus bhain siad usaid astu mar bhonn an albaim. [58]

Athshinigh R.E.M. le Warner Bros. Records i 1996 do US$80 milliun, an conradh taifeadta is costasai riamh ag an am. [59] Bhi New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996) sa dara hait ar an chairt Mheiricea agus i mbarr cairte na Breataine ar dtus, [18] ach nior dioladh ach cuig mhilliun coip an albaim sa deireadh, culu on rath a bhi ag an ghrupa sa chuig bliana roimhe sin. [60] Mhaigh an scribhneoir Time go raibh diolachain an albaim nios lu na na halbaim roimhe mar bhi cumhacht trachtala an rac malartach san iomlan ag meath. [61] Sa bhliain cheanna, scar R.E.M. lena mbainisteoir Jefferson Holt; bhi se ina sceal reatha gur tharla sin mar thoradh de chuisimh gneaschiaptha a bhi curtha roimhe ag ball oifig bhaile an bhanna in Athens. [62] Chuaigh dliodoir an ghrupa, Bertis Downs , i mbun bainisteoireachta.

Imeacht Berry agus Up : 1997-2000 [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Stipe ar an Fheile Glastonbury i 1999

Thainig an banna le cheile i dteach saoire Buck i Kauai , Hawaii , chun taispeanta a thaifeadadh don chead albam eile. Bhi se ar intinn ag an bhanna a bhfuaim a athchruthu, le luba drumai agus tastalacha cnaguirlisi san aireamh. [63] Go direach nuair a bhi na seisiuin ag tosu i nDeireadh Fomhair, d'inis Berry do bhaill eile an bhanna, i ndiaidh mionna athmhachnaimh agus diospoireachtai le Downs agus Mills, go raibh se ag eiri as an ghrupa. [64] Duirt Berry leo nar eirigh se as an bhanna da scoirfidis mar thoradh, agus d'aontaigh Stipe, Mills agus Buck leanuint mar bhanna triphairteach, le beannacht Berry. [65] D'fhogair Berry a n-imeacht go poibli tri seachtaine nios moille. Duirt Berry leis na meain, "Nil ann ach nilim chomh togtha leis seo a dheanamh agus a bhinn roimhe seo ... ta an post is fearr sa domhan agam. Ach taim sasta anois sui siar agus machnamh a dheanamh agus b’fheidir nach bheith i mo phop-realt go foill." [63] D'admhaigh Stipe go mbeadh an banna difriuil gan rannphairti mor: "Domsa, do Mike agus do Peter, mar R.E.M., an R.E.M. muid fos? Measaim gur madra fos madra trichosach. Nil ann ach ni mor do rith go difriuil." [65]

Chuir an banna a seisiuin thaifeadadh sceidealaithe ar ceal mar thoradh den imeacht Berry. "Gan Bill, bhi se difriuil, mearbhlach," a duirt Mills blianta ina dhiaidh. "Ni raibh a fhios againne cad a dheanamh go direach. Nior fheidir linn cleachtadh a dheanamh gan dhrumadoir." [66] Chuaigh na baill R.E.M. fagtha ag obair aris i Mi Feabhra 1998 i Toast Studios i San Francisco . [67] Chuir an banna deireadh lena gcomhoibriu le Scott Litt, a mhair deich mbliana, agus d'fhostaigh siad Pat McCarthy chun an cheirnin a taifeadadh. Fostaiodh Nigel Godrich mar leiritheoir cunta, agus d'obair iarbhall Screaming Trees Barrett Martin agus drumadoir camchuairte Beck Joey Waronker . Bhi na seisiuin ciaptha le teannas, agus bhi an grupa laimh le scaoileadh. D'eagraigh Bertis Downs cruinniu eigeandala; shocraigh baill an bhanna a bhfadhbanna, agus d'aontaigh siad go leanfaidis ar aghaidh mar ghrupa. [68] Ba i " Daysleeper " an chead singil on albam Up (1998), a bhi i rogha 10 na cairte ar dtus i Meiricea agus i mBreatain. Ba theip choibhneasta an t-albam, afach; nior dioladh ach 900,000 coip i lar 1999 sna Stait Aontaithe, agus nior dioladh ach dha mhilliun coip ar fud na cruinne sa deireadh. [46] Nuair a bhi diolachain R.E.M. ag meath i Meiricea, bhi bonn trachtala an bhanna ag bogadh chun na Breataine, tir inar dioladh nios mo ceirnini R.E.M. in aghaidh an duine na i dtir ar bith eile agus tir ina raibh singli R.E.M. i rogha 20 na cairte go rialta. [69]

Bliain i ndiaidh eisiuint Up , chum R.E.M. an scor ionstraime don scannan beathaisneiseach Andy Kaufman Man on the Moon , an chead rud da gcineal don ghrupa. Thainig teideal an scannain on amhran Automatic for the People darbh ainm ceanna. [70] Cuireadh an t-amhran " The Great Beyond " amach mar shingil on albam fuaimrian Man on the Moon . Nior shroich "The Great Beyond" ach uimhir 57 ar an phop-chairt Mheiriceanach, ach ba i an singil is airde ag an bhanna ar chairt na Breataine; shroich se uimhir a tri i 2000. [18]

Reveal agus Around the Sun : 2001?2005 [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Thaifead R.E.M. bunus an dara halbam deag acu, Reveal (2001), i gCeanada agus in Eirinn o Bhealtaine go Deireadh Fomhair 2000. [71] Bhi an "siul doiliosach" ceanna ag Reveal mar a bhi ag Up ; [72] bhi drumadoireacht Joey Waronker ar an albam, agus bhi lamh ag Scott McCaughey (comhbhunaitheoir an bhanna The Minus 5 le Buck) agus bunaitheoir na Posies Ken Stringfellow chomh maith. Dioladh nios mo na ceithre mhilliun coip an albaim ar fud an domhain, ach sna Stait Aontaithe nior dioladh ach an meid coipeanna ceanna is a bhi ag Up . [73] Ba i " Imitation of Life an chead singil, agus shroich se uimhir a se sa Bhreatain. [74] Rinne an tOirmhinneach Al Friston, agus e ag scriobh do Rock's Backpages , cur sios ar an albam na "lan le sarailleacht i ngach cor agus casadh," i gcodarsnacht lena "n-obair gan moran dealraimh, go bunusach, ar New Adventures in Hi-Fi agus Up ." [75] Ar an chuma cheanna, scriobh Rob Sheffield sa Rolling Stone gur "atosu spioradalta, bunaithe ar atosu ceolmhar" e Reveal , agus mhol se a "hailleacht iontach go buan" [76]

I 2003, chuir Warner Bros. amach an albam diolama [[[In Time: The Best of R.E.M. 1988-2003]] , le dha amhran nua, " Bad Day " agus " Animal " ina mheasc. Sa bhliain cheanna, ba mhor an abhar iontais e nuair a thainig Bill Berry ar an lathair le linn ceolchoirme R.E.M. i Raleigh , Carolina Thuaidh . Chan se gutha tacaithe ar "Radio Free Europe", agus ansin sheinn se na drumai ar "Permanent Vacation", amhran luath de chuid R.E.M.; ba i an chead taispeaint aige leis an bhanna i ndiaidh a scoir. [77]

Chuir R.E.M. Around the Sun amach i 2004. Le linn leiriu an albaim i 2002, duirt Stipe, "ta glor ag an albam go bhfuil se ag imeacht on chupla albam roimhe seo isteach i raon R.E.M. anaithnid. Sort bunusach agus uallach." [78] I ndiaidh eisiuint an albaim, duirt Mills, "silim, go hionraic, go raibh se beagan nios moille sa deireadh na mar a bhi ar intinn acu, i dtearmai luas na hamhrain san iomlan." [79] Bhi glacadh measctha ag Around the Sun go leirmheastach, agus ni raibh se nios airde na uimhir 13 ar an chairt Billboard . [80] Bhi an chead singil on albam, " Leaving New York ", i rogha 5 na cairte sa Bhreatain. [81] D'fhostaigh an banna drumadoir camchuairte lanaimseartha nua, Bill Rieflin , a bhi ina bhall de Ministry roimhe sin, don cheirnin agus an chamchuairt ina dhiaidh. Chuaigh R.E.M. ar an chamchuairt Vote for Change i ndeireadh 2004 le Bruce Springsteen , Pearl Jam , Bright Eyes agus grupai eile. Le linn 2005, bhi an banna ar an chead chamchuairt an domhain acu on chamchuairt Monster deich mbliana roimhe sin. Bhi R.E.M. pairteach sa Live 8 i Londain i rith na camchuairte.

Accelerate : 2006?2011 [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Chuir EMI , ar leo an chatalog I.R.S., amach albam diolama a chuimsigh saothar R.E.M. le linn na mblianta a chaith siad ar an lipead darbh ainm And I Feel Fine... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982-1987 i 2006. Cuireadh amach an DVD When the Light Is Mine: The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982-1987 ag an am cheanna. I Mean Fomhair na bliana sin, sheinn an ceathrar baill an bhanna o thus le cheile dona n-ionduchtu isteach sa Georgia Music Hall of Fame. [82] Agus iad ag cleachtadh don deasghnath, thaifead an banna cludach " #9 Dream " le John Lennon do Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur , albam omois do thairbhe Amnesty International . [83] Ba e an t-amhran, curtha amach mar shingil don albam agus don fheachtas, an chead taifeadadh ag an bhanna le Bill Berry ona himeacht beagnach deich mbliana roimhe sin. [84] Ainmniodh R.E.M. d' ionduchtu sa Rock and Roll Hall of Fame sa Deireadh Fomhair 2006, an chead bhliain agus iad inainmnithe. [85] Glacadh an banna isteach sa Halla in eineacht le ceithre ainmnitheach eile sa bhliain sin ag an deasghnath ionduchtaithe sa Waldorf-Astoria Hotel i Nua Eabhrac ar an 12u Marta 2007. D'ionduchtaigh Eddie Vedder , priomhamhranai le Pearl Jam , an grupa isteach sa Halla, agus sheinn siad ceithre amhran le Bill Berry. [86]

Thosaigh obair ar an ceithre albam deag ag an bhanna i dtosach 2007. Thaifead an grupa leis an leiritheoir Jacknife Lee i Vancouver agus i mBaile Atha Cliath, ait inar sheinn siad cuig sheo san Amharclann Olympia idir 30u Meitheamh agus 5u Iuil mar "cleachtadh oibrithe". [87] Cuireadh R.E.M. Live , an chead albam beo ag an bhanna (o cheolchoirm i mBaile Atha Cliath i 2005), amach i nDeireadh Fomhair 2007. [88] Chuir R.E.M. Accelerate amach i dtosach 2008. Bhi an t-albam ag uimhir a do ar an chairt Billboard ar dtus, [89] agus ba e an t-ochtu albam ag an bhanna i mbarr na cairte sa Bhreatain. [90] Shil leirmheastoir Rolling Stone David Fricke go raibh Accelerate nios fearr na na halbaim eile ag an bhanna i ndiaidh imeacht Berry; mhaigh se gurb e "ceann de na ceirnini is fearr a rinne R.E.M. riamh." [91]

Stil Cheoil [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

In agallamh i 1988, chuir Peter Buck sios ar amhrain choitianta R.E.M. na "rudai sa mhionghleas, meanluas, dothuigthe, scoth-rac-tire baileadach. Sin an rud a sileann gach duine agus ar mhodh, is fior e." [92] Cuirtear cumadoireacht ar fad i leith an bhanna go hiomlan, ce go gcumann baill aonair bunus amhran airithe in amanna. [93] Bionn vota cothrom ag gach ball sa choras cumadoireachta; d'admhaigh Buck, afach, gurb annamh e nuair a leanann Stipe smaoineamh nach maith leis, mar is liriceoir an bhanna e. [52] Roinneadh an obair sa choras cumadoireachta i measc na bunbhaill: scriobh Stipe na lirici, agus leag se amach seiseanna; dhruid Buck an banna le treonna ceoil nua; agus chuir Mills agus Berry an dlaoi mhullaigh ar na dreachtai mar go raibh nios mo taithi ceoil acu. [94]

Canann Michael Stipe i "bhfioracha gutha olagonach, caointe, stuach", dar le beathaisneisi R.E.M. David Buckley. [95] Armonaionn Stipe le Mills go minic in amhrain; sa chufa i "Stand", canann Mills agus Stipe lirici i ndiaidh a cheile, agus deantar comhra mar thoradh. [96] Bhi ailt luatha faoin bhanna dirithe ar an stil amhranaiochta ag Stipe (chuir an Washington Post sios uirthi na "mungailt"); bhi a lirici dothuigthe go minic mar gheall uirthi. [97] Dhearbhaigh an scribhneoir Creem John Morthland, "nil a fhios agam fos cad ata na hamhrain seo faoi, mar ni raibh me no duine ar bith eile ata aithne agam air abalta lirici R.E.M. a aithint riamh," ina leirmheas ar Murmur . [98] Duirt Stipe i 1984, "nil ann ach an bhealach a chanaim. Da ndeanfainn iarracht i a stiuradh, bheadh si breagach go leor." [99] D’aitigh leiritheoir Joe Boyd ar Stipe a hamhranaiocht a dheanamh nios soileire le linn an taifeadadh Fables of the Reconstruction. [100]

Seasaigh Stipe air go raibh cuid mhor a lirici luatha "seafoideach"; duirt se, "ta a fhios acu go leir nach bhfuil focail, per se , le roinnt mhor an stuif luaith. Nior chuimhin liom orthu fiu." Leis an fhirinne a ra, d'oibrigh Stipe go dian ar na lirici i gcuid mhor amhran luath R.E.M. [101] Minigh Stipe i 1984 go raibh a lirici cosuil le "pictiuir simpli" nuair a thosaigh se, ach i ndiaidh bliana d'eirigh se leamh den doigh sin agus "thosaigh me ag baint trialach as lirici gan chiall soileir go cruinn, agus lean se ar aghaidh o shin amach." [99] I lar na n-ochtoidi, agus amhranaiocht Stipe ag eiri nios soileire, rinne an banna cinneadh go mbeadh ciall nios liteartha ag a lirici. [102] Mhinigh Mills, "nuair ata tri cheirnin deanta agat agus ta roinnt amhran scriofa agat agus ta siad ag eiri nios fearr agus nios fearr go liriciuil, ba i an chead cheim eile na duine eigin a chur ceist ort, an bhfuil tu ag ra rud ar bith? Agus bhi an mhuinin ag Michael ag an phointe sin na "taim" a ra..." [103] Bhi amhrain ar nos "Cuyahoga" agus "Fall on Me" ar Lifes Rich Pageant ag baint le cursai truaillithe. [104] Phleigh Stipe le cursai nios polaitiula ina lirici ar Document agus Green . "Nior ach fritoradh e ar ngniomhaiochas polaitiuil agus abhair na n-amhran don ait ina raibh muid, agus na rudai a bhi timpeall orthu, agus b' fhioruafas e," arsa Stipe nios moille. "Ni raibh rud ar bith le deanamh i 1987 agus '88 ach bheith gniomhach" [105] Ce gur choinneail Stipe ag scriobh amhran faoi chursai polaitiula ar nos "Ignoreland" agus "Final Straw", bhi albaim nios moille dirithe ar abhair eile. Phleigh Automatic for the People le "mortlaidh agus bas. Stuif mhorfhoclach go leor," dar le Stipe, [106] ach rinne Monster leirmheas ar gra agus cultur na gcoitiantachta. [105]

Dearbhaionn moran daoine gurb i an stil ghiotair ag Peter Buck na an gne is idirdhealaithi sa cheol R.E.M. Le linn na 1980i, chuir an stil "tiosach, airpeitseach, fileata" ag Buck an banna rac-tire Meiriceanach na 1960i The Byrds i gcuimhne d'iriseoiri ceoil Briotanacha. [107] Duirt Buck "bhi tionchar mor ag [giotarai na Byrds] Roger McGuinn orm mar ghiotarai." [108] Rinneadh codarsnachtai leis an seinm giotair ag Johnny Marr , sa ghrupa rac malartach comhaimseartha The Smiths . Ce gur chuir Buck i gceill go raibh suim aige sa bhanna, d'admhaigh se gur chuir daoine isteach air ar dtus nuair a chuir siad ceisteanna air da mbeadh tionchar ag Marr air, agus chain se na Smiths mar thoradh. [93] Seachnaionn Buck aonreid ghiotair de ghnath; mhinigh se i 2002, "Ta a fhios agam go mbionn daoine ar mire nuair a sheinneann giotarai aonreid te, ach ni chumaim amhrain ata foirsteanach do sin, agus nil suim agam ann. Is feidir liom iad a dheanamh da mbeadh se orm, ach ni maith liom iad." [109] Ta tionchar ag Paul McCartney agus Chris Squire o Yes ar an stil seiseach ata ag Mike Mills ar an dordghiotar; duirt Mills, "Sheinn me dord seiseach i gconai, cosuil le dord piano ar dhoigheanna... Ni raibh se ar intinn agam riamh an dord bun-nota traidisiunta, glasailte sa druma speiche, a sheinm." [110] Ta nios mo oiliuint cheoil ag Mills na ag baill eile an bhanna, agus duirt se go raibh se "nios easca [dom] realtacht a dheanamh de smaoinimh cheoil dothuigthe" mar thoradh. [108]

Oidhreacht [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Bhi R.E.M. thar a bheith tabhachtach sa chruthu agus san fhorbairt de sheanra rac malartach. Dearbhaionn Allmusic , "Is iad R.E.M. an pointe nuair a rinneadh rac malartach den iarphunc ." [5] Sna luath-ochtoidi, bhi an rac malartach ag R.E.M. i gcontrarthacht le seanrai an iarphunc agus na nuathoinne a thainig roimhe. Thug an iriseoir ceoil Simon Reynolds faoi deara gur ghlac ghluaiseacht an iarphunc ag deireadh na 1970i agus ag tosach na 1980i "sraitheanna ceoil on bhiachlar", go hairithe o na 1960i, agus, "i ndiaidh dimhearaithe an iarphunc agus sceimeanna an Pop Nua, mhothaigh se go saorthach bheith ag eisteacht le ceol bunaithe ar misteachas agus ar geilleadh aoibhinn." Dhearbhaigh Reynolds gur thug R.E.M. ceol na 1960i ar ais ina chuimhne le "clingeacha giotair plangent agus guta sa stil ceol tire," agus gur "mhuscail siad, go tnuthanach agus go dothuigthe, samhlaoidi agus teorainneacha ur do Mheiricea"; mhaigh se gurbh iad "ceann den da bhanna rac malartach is fearr na linne." [111] I ndiaidh eisiuna Murmur , bhi eifeacht nios mo go ceolmhar agus go trachtala ag R.E.M. na ag grupai luatha eile sa seanra malartach a bhi a fhorbairt, agus fagadh roinnt grupai jangle pop eile ina ndiaidh. [112]

Ba spreagadh e an rath luath a bhi ag R.E.M. do bhannai malartacha eile. Thagair Spin don "eiseamlair R.E.M."?cinnidh a rinne R.E.M. ina sli bheatha a thabhairt treoirlinte do ealaiontoiri malartacha eile ina slite beatha fein. Scriobh Charles Aaron i Spin , "Leirigh siad ce chomh fada agus a fheadfadh le banna faoi chuim, spreagtha sa phunc, a dhul istigh sa tionscal gan a n-ionracas ealaionta a dhiol i mbealach fhollasach ar bith. Fuair siad amach an bhealach le ceannach isteach, chan diol amach-lena ra ar chaoi eile, bhain siad amach an Aisling Bhoitheimeach Mheiriceanach." [113] Duirt Steve Wynn de Dream Syndicate , "Thionscain siad cluiche liathroide urnua do na bhannai eile go hiomlan a ghlacadh leis cibe acu gurb e Sonic Youth no na Replacements no Nirvana no Butthole Surfers .

Dioscliosta [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Albaim sa stiuideo [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Tagairti [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gumprecht, Blake. "R.E.M.". Alternative America . Geimhreadh 1983.
  2. ↑ Holdship, Bill. "R.E.M.: Rock Reconstruction Getting There". Creem . Mean Fomhair 1985.
  3. ↑ Buckley, l. 30
  4. ↑ Buckley, l. 39
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. " R.E.M > Biography ". Allmusic.com. Data rochtana: June 20 2007.
  6. ↑ Buckley, l. 41
  7. ↑ Buckley, l. 46
  8. ↑ Buckley, l. 53?54
  9. ↑ Sullivan, l. 27
  10. ↑ Gray, l. 497
  11. ↑ Buckley, l. 59
  12. ↑ Buckley, l. 61?63
  13. ↑ Buckley, l. 66?67
  14. ↑ Grabel, Richard. "Nightmare Town". NME . 11u Nollaig, 1982.
  15. ↑ Buckley, l. 72
  16. ↑ Buckley, l. 78
  17. ↑ Buckley, p. 73
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 Buckley, l. 357?58
  19. ↑ Buckley, l. 95
  20. ↑ Gray, l. 432
  21. ↑ Gray, l. 434
  22. ↑ Snow, Mat. "American Paradise Regained: R.E.M.'s Reckoning". NME . 1984.
  23. ↑ Buckley, l. 115
  24. ↑ Buckley, l. 131?32
  25. ↑ Buckley, l. 135
  26. ↑ "Interview with R.E.M.". Melody Maker . 15u Meitheamh, 1985.
  27. ↑ Buckley, l. 140
  28. ↑ Buckley, l. 159
  29. ↑ Popson, Tom. "Onward and Upward and Please Yourself". Chicago Tribune . 17u Deireadh Fomhair, 1986.
  30. ↑ Buckley, l. 151
  31. ↑ Fletcher, l. 142
  32. ↑ Buckley, l. 160
  33. ↑ Fletcher, l. 146
  34. ↑ De Muir, Harold. "There's No Reason It Shouldn't Be A Hit". East Coast Rocker .10u Iuil, 1987.
  35. ↑ Pareles, Jon (13u Mean Fomhair, 1987). " R.E.M. conjures dark times on 'Document' ". The New York Times . Data rochtana: 2007-12-30.
  36. ↑ Fletcher, l. 157
  37. ↑ Buckley, l. 163
  38. ↑ Buckley, l. 174
  39. ↑ Buckley, p. 179
  40. ↑ Buckley, l. 180
  41. ↑ Buckley, l. 183
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Fletcher, l. 296
  43. ↑ Buckley, l. 184
  44. ↑ Buckley, l. 198
  45. ↑ Buckley, l. 209
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Buckley, l. 287
  47. ↑ Buckley, l. 205
  48. ↑ Buckley, l. 204
  49. ↑ Pareles, Jon (26u Feabhra, 1992). " Cole's 'Unforgettable' Sweeps the Grammys ". The New York Times . Data rochtana: 2007-12-30.
  50. ↑ Buckley, p. 213
  51. ↑ Buckley, l. 216
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Fricke, David. "Living Up to Out of Time /Remote Control: Parts I and II". Melody Maker . 3u Deireadh Fomhair, 1992.
  53. ↑ Buckley, l. 218
  54. ↑ Buckley, l. 217
  55. ↑ Buckley, l. 236
  56. ↑ Buckley, l. 248
  57. ↑ Buckley, p. 251?55
  58. ↑ Buckley, l. 256
  59. ↑ Buckley, . 258
  60. ↑ Buckley, l. 269
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  62. ↑ DeRogatis, Jim (Fomhair 1996). " New Adventures in R.E.M. ". Request . Data rochtana: 2006-12-30.
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Longino, Miriam. "R.E.M.: To a different beat the famed Athens band becomes a threesome as drummer Bill Berry leaves to 'sit back and reflect'". Atlanta Journal-Constitution . 31u Deireadh Fomhair, 1997.
  64. ↑ Buckley, l. 276
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 Buckley, l. 280
  66. ↑ Black, l. 232
  67. ↑ Black, l. 233
  68. ↑ Buckley, l. 286
  69. ↑ Buckley, l. 292
  70. ↑ " "R.E.M. To Score 'Man On The Moon'" ". VH1.com (1u Marta, 1999). Data rochtana: December 30 2007.
  71. ↑ Black, l. 248?49
  72. ↑ Buckley, l. 303
  73. ↑ Buckley, l. 310
  74. ↑ Buckley, l. 305
  75. ↑ Friston, The Rev. Al. "REM: Reveal (Warner Bros.)". Rock's Backpages . Nollaig 2001.
  76. ↑ Sheffield, Rob (1u Bealtaine, 2001). " "R.E.M.: Reveal" ". RollingStone.com. Cartlannaiodh an bunleathanach ar 2007-11-04. Data rochtana: 2007-10-2.
  77. ↑ MTV News staff (14u Deireadh Fomhair, 2003). " "For The Record: Quick News On Hilary Duff, JC Chasez And Corey Taylor, Mary J. Blige, Deftones, Marilyn Manson & More" ". MTV.com. Data rochtana: 2007-7-1.
  78. ↑ Devenish, Colin (6u Mean Fomhair, 2002). " "R.E.M. Get Primitive" ". RollingStone.com. Cartlannaiodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-01-11. Data rochtana: 2007-12-24.
  79. ↑ Graff, Gary (11u Mean Fomhair, 2006). " "R.E.M. Bringing Back The Rock On New Album" ". Billboard.com. Data rochtana: 24u Nollaig 2007.
  80. ↑ Cohen, Jonathan (5u Mean Fomhair, 2006). " "R.E.M. Plots One-Off Berry Reunion, New Album" ". Billboard.com. Data rochtana: 2007-7-1.
  81. ↑ " "It's a Prydz and Stone double top" ". NME.com (3u Deireadh Fomhair, 2004). Data rochtana: 2007-12-30.
  82. ↑ " "R.E.M. inducted into Music Hall of Fame" ". USAToday.com (17u Mean Fomhair, 2006). Data rochtana: 2007-7-3.
  83. ↑ Grossberg, Josh (14u Bealtaine, 2007). " "R.E.M. Back in the Studio" ". EOnline.com. Data rochtana: 2008-1-17.
  84. ↑ Cohen, Jonathan (12u Marta, 2007). " "Original R.E.M. Quartet Covers Lennon For Charity" ". Billboard.com. Cartlannaiodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-06-01. Data rochtana: 2008-5-17.
  85. ↑ Ryan, Joal (30u Deireadh Fomhair, 2006). " "R.E.M., Van Halen Headed to Hall?" ". EOnline.com. Data rochtana: 2007-7-3.
  86. ↑ Cohen, Jonathan (13u Marta, 2007). " "R.E.M., Van Halen Lead Rock Hall's '07 Class" ". Billboard.com. Data rochtana: 2007-7-1.
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  88. ↑ Cohen, Jonathan (21u Lunasa, 2007). " "R.E.M. Preps First Concert CD/DVD Set" ". Billboard.com. Cartlannaiodh an bunleathanach ar 2007-12-11. Data rochtana: 2007-10-2.
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