한국   대만   중국   일본 
???? ?????? - ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????

???? ??????

?? ?????????? ????????? ????
???? ??????
????
???? ??????
???? ??????
Unrecognized states (1)
Time zones ??????? ??:??±
??????? ?:??+
??????? ?:??+
   ??????? ????? ( ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? )
   ????? ????? ?????????

?? ?? ?? ????:
    ????? ???? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ???? ?
???? ? ??? ? ????? ? ????? ?????
?? ???? ?? ??:
    ??? ? ???? ? ???? ? ????????

???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???. ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????. [?]

??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ? ???? ? ????? ? ???? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? (?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ) ???????. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??????. [?]

??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????. [?] ???? ???? (???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ) ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????. [?] [?] [?]

??????? ??????? ????? [ ?????? ]

????? ????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ Brett, Michael. "Definition: North Africa (region, Africa)" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 9 September 2021 .
  2. ↑ "UNSD ? Methodology" . United Nations Statistics Division . Archived from the original on Jan 16, 2023.
  3. ↑ "The Assembly ? African Union" . African Union . Archived from the original on Nov 29, 2018.
  4. ↑ es-Sadi, Abderrahman (1898). Tarikh es soudan (?? ????). Paris E. Leroux.
  5. ↑ Andrew, McGregor (2001). "The Circassian Qubbas of Abbas Avenue, Khartoum: Governors and Soldiers in 19th Century Sudan" (PDF) . Nordic Journal of African Studies . Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2019 . Retrieved 25 October 2018 .
  6. ↑ Berglee, Royal (17 June 2016). "North Africa and the African Transition Zone" . World Regional Geography . Archived from the original on Dec 1, 2022.
آیکون خرد

??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???. ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ????.

??????? ?? ≪ https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=????_??????&oldid=39593885 ≫