Cajun Mardi Gras celebration
Courir de Mardi Gras
(Mardi Gras Run)
|
---|
Masked riders in Mamou
|
Type
| Local, cultural,
Catholic
,
Cajun
|
---|
Significance
| Celebration prior to fasting season of
Lent
|
---|
Celebrations
| Rural tradition, parties
|
---|
Date
| Mardi Gras, Tuesday before Ash Wednesday
|
---|
2023 date
| TBA
|
---|
2024 date
| TBA
|
---|
Frequency
| annual
|
---|
Related to
| Mardi Gras
|
---|
The
Courir de Mardi Gras
(
Louisiana French pronunciation:
[ku?i?
d
ma?di
??a]
,
French pronunciation:
[ku?i?
d?
ma?di
??a]
) is a traditional
Mardi Gras
event held in many
Cajun
and
Creole
communities of French
Louisiana
on the Tuesday before
Ash Wednesday
.
Courir de Mardi Gras
is
Louisiana French
for "
Fat Tuesday
Run". This rural Mardi Gras celebration is based on early begging rituals, similar to those still celebrated by
mummers
,
wassailers
, and celebrants of
Halloween
.
[1]
As Mardi Gras is the celebration of the final day before
Lent
, celebrants drink and eat heavily, dressing in specialized costumes, ostensibly to protect their identities. In
Acadiana
, popular practices include wearing masks and costumes, overturning social conventions, dancing, drinking alcohol, begging, trail riding, feasting, and whipping. Mardi Gras is one of the few occasions when people are allowed to publicly wear masks in Louisiana.
[2]
Dance for a Chicken: The Cajun Mardi Gras
, a documentary by filmmaker Pat Mire, provides great insight into the history and evolution of this cultural tradition. In popular culture, two
HBO
series (the crime drama
True Detective
and the post
Hurricane Katrina
themed
Treme
) also make reference to the tradition.
[3]
Origins
[
edit
]
Barry Jean Ancelet
, Cajun folklorist and retired professor at the
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
, has explained the origins of the
Courir
in rural medieval France:
In a nutshell, the country Mardi Gras comes from the way Mardi Gras was celebrated in France in the rural section as opposed to the urban carnival. It's an early springtime renewal and is essentially a way for communities to celebrate and find themselves.
These origins are found in the customs of
Catholic
medieval Europe
, specifically the
fete de la quemande
("feast of begging") of
medieval France
.
[1]
During the
fete
, which was a time when begging from house to house was a socially acceptable behavior, disguised revelers would go through the countryside visiting households and performing for offerings. This is similar to other contemporary traditional European customs such as
mumming
and
wassailing
which usually occur around Christmas, New Year's, and
Epiphany
. These traditions originated in a time when most of the land and money was held by the upper classes. The poor, at the end of long winters and short on food, would gather in groups and make their way from castle to manor house to beg for food from the wealthy, dancing and singing in return for the generosity of the nobles.
[5]
French medieval
carnival
celebrations also featured contests and races, which may be the origins of the chicken chase associated with the
courir
.
[6]
A few of the traditional runs have whipping and
penance
as part of their traditions. These traditions are traced to the medieval
flagellants
, who would hold processions through the streets whipping themselves and sometimes onlookers to beat the sin out of them.
[7]
Other of the traditions associated with the
courir
are derived from the folk traditions of pre-Christian
Celtic Europe
and are associated with fertility and renewal. Examples include the use of the
burlap
whip and the tune on which the
Chanson de Mardi Gras
are based, both of which are traced back to
Brittany
, a Celtic enclave on the Northwestern French coast near where the original settlers of
Acadia
were from.
[7]
[8]
These traditions were carried to North America by European immigrants during the 17th and 18th centuries.
[6]
In the mid to late 18th century when the
Acadian
settlers of the
Canadian Maritimes
were
forcibly deported by the English
, many made their way to South Louisiana, settling what would become known as the
Acadiana
region. The
Cajuns
, as they would become known to the rest of the world, have held on to many of their traditional customs, including their language (
Acadian French
became
Cajun French
),
music
,
dances
and religious festivals such as the
courir
.
[9]
This determination to hold on to their religious customs and faith has been a major factor in creating the atmosphere that has allowed for the celebration of life, or
la joie de vivre
, that is so characteristic of Cajun life and culture in South Louisiana.
[10]
Modern revival
[
edit
]
Although the tradition never died out, during the 1930s and 1940s it had begun to fade away, especially during the
World War II
era as many of the young men who participated were away serving in the armed forces. During the late 1940s and early 1950s the tradition began to be revived and in the 1960s got a major boost with the "Cajun renaissance", a grassroots effort to promote the unique local food, culture, music and language of the area. In 1993, documentary filmmaker Pat Mire chronicled the tradition with his film
Dance for a Chicken: The Cajun Mardi Gras
.
[11]
The imagery of the event is represented in work by local artists such as
Chuck Broussard
,
[12]
Francis Pavy
,
[13]
and
Herb Roe
[14]
[15]
[16]
and in the name and packaging of a locally brewed seasonal beer.
[17]
The increased popularity of Cajun music and culture has also led to more nonlocal attention for the event. In 2011 the
NPR
show
Snap Judgement
did a series of interviews at one event
[18]
and the
courir
was used in a story line by
David Simon
for his
HBO
series
Treme
.
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
In 2014 the
HBO
crime drama
True Detective
included images of
courir
participants and created a cult group whose roots lay partially in the rural Mardi Gras traditions.
[3]
[24]
[25]
In episode 7 of the 11th season of
Parts Unknown
, Anthony Bourdain participates in Cajun Mardi Gras.
Traditions
[
edit
]
People escape from ordinary life through the alcohol and the roles they portray in costume.
[26]
In the early morning the riders or runners or
Mardi Gras
(as the troop and its individual members are known)
[27]
gather in a central meeting place. As they gather,
Le Capitaine
(the leader of the Mardi Gras) and his co-
capitaines
explain the rules and traditions that must be followed. The
Capitaine
usually rides on horseback, wears a cape and carries a small flag. After he organizes the troop, the bands begin to play and he leads them on the route. Traditions vary in each town with the way it is carried out. Some towns have people on horse back, some on trailers and some on foot, and others use a variation of all three methods.
[28]
The
Capitaine
is the first to approach the houses along the route, to ask permission to enter onto their property. At this point, in the spirit of frivolity, individual
Mardi Gras
will attempt to sneak onto the property. They are held in check by the
Capitaines
, who sometimes brandish a plaited
burlap
whip.
[29]
These whips are used to maintain discipline during the courir de Mardi Gras (Mardi Gras run.) They are used by the captain and his subordinates [co-captains] only
?
Claude Durio, Co-
capitaine
for the
Tee Mamou courir
[29]
The whips are designed to be flexible and not to inflict any serious damage onto their victims, but do produce a loud noise for the edification of onlookers. Participants claim one has not fully participated until one has been whipped.
[29]
Once they are on the property, the revelers play a variety of pranks on the farmers and beg for food
[26]
for the communal
gumbo
that lies at the end of the route. A prize ingredient is a live chicken, which is usually thrown into the air for the drunken
Mardi Gras
to chase through the muddy yards and fields.
[28]
La Chanson de Mardi Gras
[
edit
]
The Mardi Gras song, known in the local
Cajun French
as "
La Danse de Mardi Gras
" and "
La Vieille Chanson de Mardi Gras
",
[30]
is a traditional tune sung by the participants, although the exact lyrics vary greatly from town to town. The melody of the traditional folk song is similar to melodies of the
Bretons
from the northern coast of France.
[8]
The tune is played in a minor mode not generally found in other
Cajun music
.
[31]
This version is sung at the Church Point
Courir de Mardi Gras
:
Les Mardi Gras vient de tout partout, tout le tour du moyeu.
Vient une fois par an pour demander la charite.
Une vieille patate, une patate et des gratons.
Les Mardi Gras vient de tout partout, tout le tour du moyeu.
Vient une par an pour demander la charite.
Une vieille patate, une patate et des gratons.
Capitaine, capitaine voyage ton flag, tout le tour du moyeu.
Une fois par an pour demander la charite.
Et des patates, des patates et des gratons.
Les Mardi Gras vient de l’Angleterre, tout le tour du moyeu.
Vient une fois par an pour demander la charite.
Une vieille patate, une patate et des gratons.
?
Le Chanson de Mardi Gras
, in French
[32]
And the same song in English:
The Mardi Gras come from everywhere around the hub.
Once each year to ask for charity.
An old potato, a potato and some cracklins.
The Mardi Gras come from everywhere around the hub.
Once each year to ask for charity.
An old potato, a potato and some cracklins.
Captain, captain wave your flag, all around the hub.
Once each year to ask for charity.
And for potatoes, for potatoes and some cracklins.
The Mardi Gras come from England, all around the hub.
Once each year to ask for charity.
And potatoes, potatoes and cracklins.
?
The Song of Mardi Gras
, in English
[32]
A version of the song by the
Balfa Brothers
was included in the 1992 film
Passion Fish
.
[33]
Many other musicians have recorded versions of the song, with notable artists being
Zachary Richard
,
[34]
Steve Riley and the Mamou Playboys
,
[35]
BeauSoleil
,
[36]
Cedric Watson
,
[37]
and
Hozier
.
[38]
Costumes
[
edit
]
Many of the traditional costumes are derivatives of the costumes worn in early rural France during the same celebration.
[26]
The costumes not only conceal the identities of the participants, but also allow them to parody authority figures and society. Role reversals can be employed such men dressing up like women or the rich to pose as the poor.
[4]
The costumes also directly mock the
nobility
, the clergy and the educated; celebrants wear
miter
hats,
mortarboards
and
capuchons
,
[26]
which were initially designed to mock the
tall pointy hats
worn by noble women. These hats are still worn, primarily by men. The name
capuchon
comes from the same root word,
cappa
in Latin, meaning a cape or hood, that gives us
cap
in English and
chapeau
in French.
Chaperon (headgear)
describes the development of the word. The hats are vibrantly decorated to match (or intentionally mis-match) the colorful Mardi Gras costumes that they accompany. The capuchons worn by Mardi Gras celebrants are completely unrelated to the pointy hats worn by the
Ku Klux Klan
(KKK), founded after the
American Civil War
, and, in fact, predate the KKK costumes by several hundred years.
Originally the costumes were made from old work clothes decorated with cloth remnants and pieces of feed sack material, as many of the participants could not afford to buy material strictly for the event. This led to a patchwork style that has become associated with the costuming of the event.
[39]
The shirts and pants of the costume are made by sewing together various pieces of cloth in a patchwork style. The strips of cloth are cut into fringing, and are sewn onto the sleeves, up and down the legs, and on the capuchon.
[28]
The end effect is a riot of color and pattern. These costumes are also believed to have originated in
medieval times
.
[28]
The masks are made by taking ordinary wire mesh
window screen
and attaching large protruding noses and painting on features such as eyes and mouths. The masks are almost see through, but usually not enough to discern the wearer's identity. Many costumes and masks include animal features like beaks, feathers, hair, fur or tails.
[4]
-
Capitane and a
courir
disguised as a
rougarou
-
A capuchon wearing
Mardi Gras
on horseback
-
Mortarboard and wire mesh mask
-
A "Miter" wearing
Mardi Gras
dancing in a yard
Notable
Courir
celebrations
[
edit
]
Each community in the
Acadiana
area celebrates their take on the traditional
Courir de Mardi Gras
. Although there are many variations, most still practice the time honored tradition with
Le Capitaine
leading masked revelers on horseback to gather ingredients for making the communal gumbo. A few notable examples have gained attention as vital parts of the local Cajun culture.
Basile
[
edit
]
In
Basile
the
Courir
was suspended during
World War II
, but was re-established during the 1960s.
[40]
A provision allowing women to be a part of the
Courir
has been in place since the 1980s, and they are also permitted to serve as capitaines.
[41]
The Basile
Courir de Mardi Gras
have a tradition of begging for nickels (called
cinq sous
). The participants come up to bystanders with an open palm in the traditional begging gesture, and if that does not work, they will try to dig into the pockets or clothes of the bystanders as a prank in an attempt to find the nickels.
[40]
Choupic
[
edit
]
The rural Mardi Gras in
Choupic
involves a ritual chasing and
flogging
with
willow tree
branches
.
[42]
Young, unmarried men from sixteen or seventeen years old up into their twenties secretly organize the run each year, and they do not disclose their participation in the run to anyone. Once a man is married, he voluntarily stops his participation in the Mardi Gras run. Traditionally, the Mardis Gras were on foot, but today some adaptations have been made, such as the use of pickup trucks and the use of
three-wheelers
by some participants. The Mardis Gras meet early Mardi Gras morning at Possum Square and then climb into the back of a few pickup trucks to hide. The pickup trucks carry the Mardis Gras from one residential section to another where they chase the children of the town, and make them recite
Catholic
prayers before giving them their pre-Lenten flogging with willow tree branches or sometimes with the flexible end of a
fishing pole
. The Choupic
Courir de Mardi Gras
differs from other
courirs
in that it does not involve the chasing of chickens nor ritual begging nor the use of horses as a means of transportation.
Church Point
[
edit
]
In
Church Point
the rural Mardi Gras is basically the same as it was in the old days of the early settlers. In 1961 Elton Richard formally organized the event, which until then had been individual, independent groups of riders. Only men are permitted to participate in the run, and all
Mardi Gras
must be fully masked and costumed. The
Capitaine
holds his position as leader for year after year, until he decides to relinquish it. He appoints his co-
capitaines
who, like himself, must not be masked. The
Chanson de Mardi Gras
in Church Point has its own unique lyrics.
[43]
The Church Point
Courir
is held on the Sunday before Mardi Gras, a consequence of the formal organization in 1961. Elton Richard and Senator Paul Tate of Mamou flipped a coin to see who would have their official
courir
on Mardi Gras Day. Mamou won and as a result the Church Point Mardi Gras is on Sunday.
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
Duralde
[
edit
]
In
Duralde
, an unincorporated village between the towns of Mamou and Basile on the southwestern prairies of Louisiana, is one of the Creole Mardi Gras. Participants at times wear "white face", a way that the Mardi Gras runners dress as "the other" and overturn social conventions and the world for a day.
[47]
Elton
[
edit
]
Elton, Louisiana
is a small town in
Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana
15 miles west of Eunice on
U.S. Route 190
. Although it was defunct for a long time, the Elton
courir
was revived in the mid-1990s. It follows the same route and its participants sing the same local variation of the
Chanson
as the
courir
in 1925. The ride starts at sunrise just to the north of town and goes through the
Coushatta Indian Reservation
and then heads south back toward Elton. Like many of the traditional
courirs
the ride is an all-male affair.
[48]
Eunice
[
edit
]
In
Eunice
the celebration dates from when the town was first established in the late 19th century. It was abandoned for a short time during
World War II
when many of the local young men were in the army, but was restarted in 1946. The roughly 2000 participants, both male and female, assemble at the National Guard Armory at the corner of South 9th Street and Maple Avenue at 6 am, and start the run 8 am.
[49]
The route is 13 miles (21 km) long. They stop at farms along the route and beg for gumbo ingredients and call out "
Cinq-sous pour les Mardi Gras!
" or "Nickels for the Mardi Gras!" If ingredients or money are given, they thank the givers of charity with a dance.
[50]
By 3:00 p.m. the revelers return to town for a parade along Second Street. In 1997 a new addition was added to the festivities, the baking of the world's largest
king cake
.
[49]
Gheens
[
edit
]
Gheens
is located between
Raceland
and
Lockport, Louisiana
, about 30 miles (48 km) from New Orleans. Every year during their Cajun Mardi Gras Chase 20,000 people flock to the town of less than 1000 people for the event. Unlike other Cajun Mardi Gras celebrations, the Gheens event features teenaged boys and men dressed as
ghouls
riding in pickup trucks.
[51]
After the morning parades the group meets behind the local church, where costumes are donned and the ground rules are laid out by the veteran runners to the newly initiated. Each of the newcomers must line up and be given a swat by each of the veterans with the yard long willow branches so they know how bad the switches can hurt if over used. The runners are given bells to pin on their clothing. They then load up into their trucks and attack the town with their willow switches, searching for children.
[7]
They chase the children to "beat the sinful stuff out of them so they can be clean for
lent
". Their young victims have the choice to either fall to their knees in a penitent position and say "Pardon! Pardon!" or make the
Mardi Gras
chase them, often taunting and daring them to catch and beat them more.
[52]
LeJeune Cove
[
edit
]
LeJeune Cove is a rural community located about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of
Iota
in
Acadia Parish
. According to the account published in the
Crowley Post Signal
on 27 January 2002, the run dates from the earliest days of the L'Anse LeJeune settlement until it disbanded in the 1950s. The LeJeune Cove Mardi Gras was then revived in 2002 after a lapse of approximately 50 years. All male riders on horseback and wagons wear traditional costumes with
capuchons
and handmade masks. The riders travel from farm to farm, visiting and dancing with their neighbors, begging for money and
gumbo
ingredients while singing their unique Mardi Gras song, all just as they had done prior to disbandment. The run is now held annually on the Saturday before
Fat Tuesday
. In the evening, a communal
gumbo
and dance is held at La Pay E Bas RV Park between
Iota
and
Eunice
.
Mamou
[
edit
]
In
Evangeline Parish
, the
Mamou
celebration starts with a street dance held the Monday evening before Mardi Gras, with bands such as
Steve Riley and the Mamou Playboys
performing. A crowd favorite is the Mamou variation of the
Chanson de Mardi Gras
. The next day a street party begins, in anticipation of the
courir
, who have been riding through the countryside collecting ingredients for the evening gumbo. The Mamou
Courir
abides by the older traditions, with the
Capitaines
unmasked and all other revelers masked in the all-male troupe.
[53]
They are accompanied by a wagon for the musicians and trailers for participants who do not have horses.
[54]
The event was suspended twice in its history, during the American Civil War and during World War Two.
[53]
By the mid-1940s the
courir
tradition in Mamou had declined but was revived by Alfred "Fred" Tate, Revon Reed, and Paul Tate, proprietors of the then newly opened "
Fred's Lounge
".
[55]
Soileau
[
edit
]
The run in
Soileau, Louisiana
is one of the few
Creole
Courir de Mardi Gras
in southwest Louisiana, and is thought to be just as old as the Cajun versions. The rural community of Soileau is located to the west of
Duralde
in
Allen Parish, Louisiana
not far from the
Evangeline Parish, Louisiana
line. They hold their run on the Monday before Mardi Gras, with its starting point at Andrew Cezar's
sulky
racing track. From there they head down
Louisiana Highway 104
.
[56]
South Cameron
[
edit
]
Traditional Mardi Gras
courirs
have been held in
Creole
and
Grand Chenier
, small towns in southern
Cameron Parish
, since the beginning of the 20th century. This region of
Southwest Louisiana
has been plagued by multiple
hurricanes
throughout the years, including total destruction by Hurricanes
Audrey
,
Rita
, and
Ike
. As a result, Mardi Gras celebrations had been defunct for over a decade. The
Courir
was revived in 2014 by a group of Cameron Parish natives. The group mainly consisted of young men who were
Iraq
and
Afghanistan
war veterans. Some were displaced by the hurricanes, living in different parts of the
state
, and looking to bring camaraderie and tradition back to their community.
[57]
The Mardi Gras ride throughout the countryside in cattle trailers pulled by pickup trucks. Men and women ride together. The Mardi Gras stop at multiple houses and business in and around the towns of Creole and Grand Chenier to dance, drink, play tricks, chase chickens, and gather ingredients for their communal gumbo that night.
[58]
They wear traditional Cajun Mardi Gras costumes as well as modern variations. The two to three unmasked
Capitaines
regulate with burlap whips. A
Fais do-do
with live
music
follows the gumbo. This
courir
is held two weekends before Mardi Gras day, however, dates are subject to change from year to year.
[59]
Tee Mamou-Iota
[
edit
]
The longstanding tradition of the
courir
in the small community of
Tee Mamou
had waned by the late 1960s when new
capitane
was instrumental in preserving the tradition. An all-women's group was established a few years later. The women's group does their run on Saturday before Mardi Gras and the men's run is on Mardi Gras day.
[60]
The
capitane
and co-
capitanes
of Tee Mamou use a special variation of the burlap whip associated with the
courir
.
[29]
The route of the
courir
ends in the nearby community of
Iota, Louisiana
. Iota has an organized event, with
Cajun
and
Zydeco
bands playing on the main stage throughout Mardi Gras day. The highlight of the day is the arrival of the Tee Mamou
courirs
riding into the town in a wagon after the route through the country. The
courir
then gathers on the main stage with the
capitaine
to sing their version of the
Chanson de Mardi Gras
. Once this task is completed, the Mardi Gras descend on the downtown area dancing and begging for loose change.
[61]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
Barry Jean Ancelet
(1989).
Capitaine, voyage ton flag : The Traditional Cajun Country Mardi Gras
. Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana.
ISBN
0-940984-46-6
.
- ^
"RS 14:313"
. Retrieved
March 22,
2015
.
- ^
a
b
Heigl, Alex (March 4, 2014).
"Courir de Mardi Gras: The Strangest Tradition You've Never Heard Of"
.
People
. Retrieved
March 17,
2014
.
- ^
a
b
c
Bass, Erin Z. (February 4, 2011).
"Courir de Mardi Gras"
.
Deep South
. Retrieved
March 10,
2011
.
- ^
Hoyt-Goldsmith, Diane; Migdale, Lawrence (September 1995).
Mardi Gras: a Cajun country celebration
. Holiday House. p.
11
.
ISBN
978-0-8234-1184-9
.
fete de la quemande.
- ^
a
b
"Courir du Mardi Gras"
. Canadian Heritage Information Network. Archived from
the original
on November 29, 2010
. Retrieved
March 10,
2010
.
- ^
a
b
c
Gaudet, Marcia G.; McDonald, James C. (April 15, 2003).
Mardi Gras, Gumbo, and Zydeco: Readings in Louisiana Culture
. University Press of Mississippi. p. 44.
ISBN
978-1-57806-530-1
.
- ^
a
b
Romer, Megan.
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. Archived from
the original
on June 15, 2011
. Retrieved
March 10,
2011
.
- ^
"Cajun Country"
. Retrieved
March 10,
2011
.
- ^
"Cajuns ? Religion and Expressive Culture"
. Advameg, Inc
. Retrieved
March 10,
2011
.
- ^
Mire, Pat.
"Dance for a Chicken: The Cajun Mardi Gras"
. Louisianafolklife.org.
- ^
Kemp, John R. (May 2009).
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.
Louisiana Life Magazine
. Archived from
the original
on March 19, 2014
. Retrieved
March 18,
2014
.
- ^
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. Arthur Roger Gallery. Archived from
the original
on March 18, 2014
. Retrieved
March 18,
2014
.
- ^
Purdy, Anna (December 28, 2011).
"Brush Strokes"
.
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. Archived from
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on February 22, 2014
. Retrieved
March 18,
2014
.
- ^
Fox-Smith, James (February 2014).
"On the cover : February 2014"
.
Country Roads Magazine
. Baton Rouge, La. Archived from
the original
on March 18, 2014.
- ^
"Roe on 'the run'
"
.
The Independent Monthly
. February 2014. p. 14. Archived from
the original
on March 19, 2014.
- ^
Wilson, Lauren (January 3, 2012).
"Local Bayou Teche brewery releases beer to honor traditional Mardi Gras"
.
KATC
. Archived from
the original
on March 19, 2014.
- ^
Daniels, Rita (2010).
"Courir de Mardi Gras"
. Snap Judgment Studios. Archived from
the original
on January 29, 2012
. Retrieved
April 3,
2011
.
- ^
Dave Walker (June 5, 2011).
"HBO's 'Treme' explained: 'Carnival Time"
.
The Times-Picayune
.
- ^
Dave Walker (June 5, 2011).
"Cajun Mardi Gras explained: Wilson Savoy on the costumes, music, masks"
.
The Times-Picayune
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External links
[
edit
]
Holidays, observances, and celebrations in the United States
|
---|
January
| |
---|
January?February
| |
---|
February
American Heart Month
Black History Month
|
- Birthday of Luis Munoz Marin
(PR)
- Candlemas
(religious)
- Charles Darwin Day / Darwin Day
(CA, DE)
- Day of Remembrance
(CA, OR, WA, cultural)
- Georgia Day
(GA)
- Groundhog Day
- Imbolc
(religious)
- Lincoln's Birthday
(CA, CT, IL, IN, MO, NY, WV)
- National Girls and Women in Sports Day
- National Freedom Day
(36)
- Nirvana Day
(religious)
- Presentation of Our Lord to the Temple
(religious)
- Promised Reformer Day
(religious)
- Ronald Reagan Day
(CA)
- Rosa Parks Day
(CA, MO)
- Saviours' Day
(religious)
- Susan B. Anthony Day
(CA, FL, NY, WI, WV, proposed federal)
- Tu B’shvat
(religious)
|
---|
February?March
| |
---|
March
Irish-American Heritage Month
Colon Cancer Awareness Month
Women's History Month
|
- Annunciation of the Virgin Mary / Annunciation of the Theotokos
(religious)
- Casimir Pulaski Day
(IL)
- Cesar Chavez Day
(CA, CO, TX, proposed federal)
- Emancipation Day in Puerto Rico
(PR, cultural)
- Evacuation Day
(Suffolk County, MA)
- Harriet Tubman Day
(NY)
- Hola Mohalla
(religious)
- Holi
(NY, religious)
- L. Ron Hubbard's Birthday
(religious)
- Lailat al-Mi'raj
(religious)
- Liberation and Freedom Day
(Charlottesville, VA, cultural)
- Mardi Gras
(AL (in two counties), LA)
- Maryland Day
(MD)
- Medal of Honor Day
- National Poison Prevention Week
(week)
- Nowruz
(cultural, religious)
- Ostara
(religious)
- Pi Day
- Prince Jonah K?hi? Kalaniana?ole Day
(HI)
- Promised Messiah Day
(religious)
- Saint Joseph's Day
(religious)
- Seward's Day
(AK)
- Texas Independence Day
(TX)
- Town Meeting Day
(VT)
- Transfer Day
(VI)
- Trans Day of Visibility
(cultural)
|
---|
March?April
|
- Good Friday
(CT, NC, PR, NJ, VI, religious)
- Hanuman Jayanti
(religious)
- Holy Thursday
(PR, VI, religious)
- Holy Week
(PR, religious, week)
- Lazarus Saturday
(religious)
- Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
(religious)
- Mesha Sankranti / Hindu New Year
(religious)
- Palm Sunday
(PR, religious)
- Passover
(religious, week)
- Easter Monday / Bright Monday
(VI, religious)
- Ramnavami
(religious)
- Chandramana Uugadi / Souramana Uugadi
(religious)
|
---|
April
Arab American Heritage Month
Confederate History Month
| |
---|
May
Asian American and
Pacific Islander Heritage Month
Jewish American Heritage Month
Military Appreciation Month
| |
---|
June
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and
Transgender Pride Month
| |
---|
July
| |
---|
July?August
| |
---|
August
| |
---|
September
Prostate Cancer Awareness Month
Childhood Cancer Awareness Month
| |
---|
September?October
Hispanic Heritage Month
| |
---|
October
Breast Cancer Awareness Month
Disability Employment Awareness Month
Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month
Filipino American History Month
LGBT History Month
| |
---|
October?November
| |
---|
November
Native American Indian Heritage Month
|
- Ascension of ‘Abdu’l Baha
(religious)
- All Saints' Day
(religious)
- Beginning of the Nativity Fast
(religious)
- Beltane
/
Samhain
(religious)
- Barack Obama Day in Alabama
(Perry County, AL)
- D. Hamilton Jackson Day
(VI)
- Day after Thanksgiving
(24)
- Day of the Covenant
(religious)
- Discovery of Puerto Rico Day
(PR)
- Election Day
(CA, DE, HI, KY, MT, NJ, NY, OH, PR, VA, WV, proposed federal)
- Family Day
(NV)
- Guru Nanak Gurpurab
(religious)
- Hanukkah
(religious)
- L? K??oko?a
(HI, unofficial, cultural)
- Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur
(religious)
- Native American Heritage Day
(MD, WA, cultural)
- Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple
(religious)
- Trans Day of Remembrance
(cultural)
- Unthanksgiving Day
(cultural)
|
---|
December
|
- Advent Sunday
(religious)
- Alabama Day
(AL)
- Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib
(religious)
- Bodhi Day
(religious)
- Chalica
(religious)
- Christmas Eve
(KY, NC, SC, PR, VI)
- Day after Christmas
(KY, NC, SC, TX, VI)
- Festivus
- HumanLight
- Hanukkah
(religious, week)
- Immaculate Conception
(religious)
- Indiana Day
(IN)
- Kwanzaa
(cultural, week)
- Milad Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin
(religious)
- National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day
(36)
- Nativity of Jesus
(religious)
- Old Year's Night
(VI)
- Pan American Aviation Day
(36)
- Pancha Ganapati
(religious, week)
- Rosa Parks Day
(OH, OR)
- Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
(religious)
- Wright Brothers Day
(36)
- Yule
(religious)
- Zartosht No-Diso
(religious)
|
---|
Varies (year round)
| |
---|
|