From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Decade
The
1420s
decade ran from January 1, 1420, to December 31, 1429.
Events
1420
This section is
transcluded
from
1420
.
(
edit
|
history
)
January–December
[
edit
]
- March
– The
Celebi Sultan Mehmed Mosque
in
Didymoteicho
is inaugurated.
- May 21
–
Treaty of Troyes
: With the Burgundian faction dominant in France, King
Charles VI of France
acknowledges
Henry V of England
as his heir, and as virtual ruler of most of France.
[1]
- May 25
–
Henry the Navigator
is appointed Grand Master of the
Military Order of Christ
.
- June 2
–
Catherine of Valois
marries King
Henry V of England
.
[2]
- June 7
– Troops of the
Republic of Venice
capture
Udine
after a long siege, ending the independence of the
Patriarchal State of Friuli
, run by the
Patriarch of Aquileia
.
- August 7
– Construction of the dome of
Florence Cathedral
is started, after
Filippo Brunelleschi
wins the commission for his "double shell" design.
- August 31
–
a 9.4 M
S
-strong earthquake
shakes Chile's
Atacama Region
causing
tsunamis
in Chile as well as
Hawaii
and
Japan
.
[3]
[4]
- October 22
–
Ghiy?th al-d?n Naqq?sh
, an envoy of the embassy sent by the
Timurid
ruler of
Persia
,
Mirza Shahrukh
(r. 1404?1447), to the
Ming Dynasty
of China during the reign of the
Yongle Emperor
(r. 1402?1424), records his sight and travel over a large floating
pontoon bridge
at
Lanzhou
(constructed earlier in
1372
) as he crosses the
Yellow River
on this day. He writes that it was: "...composed of twenty three boats, of great excellence and strength attached together by a long chain of iron as thick as a man's thigh, and this was moored on each side to an iron post as thick as a man's waist extending a distance of ten cubits on the land and planted firmly in the ground, the boats being fastened to this chain by means of big hooks. There were placed big wooden planks over the boats so firmly and evenly that all the animals were made to pass over it without difficulty."
- October 28
–
Beijing
is officially designated the capital of the
Ming Dynasty
, during the same year that the
Forbidden City
, the seat of government, is completed.
- November 1
–
Hussite Wars
–
Battle of Vy?ehrad
:
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
, fails and is ejected from
Bohemia
.
Date unknown
[
edit
]
- Henry V of England
commences construction of the ship
Grace Dieu
.
- Tang Saier
starts a rebellion against the emperor of China, and takes two cities with her rebel army, before she is defeated.
[5]
- Construction begins on the
Temple of Heaven
in
Beijing
,
China
, while the palace complex of the
Forbidden City
is completed. In this year the
Yongle Emperor
confers the title "Beijing" ("Northern Capital") for the
Ming Dynasty
's new capital city, replacing
Nanjing
.
- Radu II Praznaglava
, supported by the Ottomans, and
Dan II
, with Hungarian help, start a seven-years-long struggle for the throne of
Wallachia
, after
Mihail I
is killed in a battle. The throne of Wallachia will switch from one to another about four times until
1427
, when Radu II dies.
- Alexandru cel Bun
defends Moldavia against the first incursion by the Ottomans, at
Cetatea Alb?
.
1421
This section is
transcluded
from
1421
.
(
edit
|
history
)
January–December
[
edit
]
- February 2
–
Yongle Emperor
, third emperor of the
Ming dynasty
, shifts the Ming capital from Nanjing to Beijing.
- March 3
–
Zheng He
receives an imperial order from the Yongle Emperor to begin the
Ming treasure voyages
, carrying imperial letters, silk products and other gifts to various rulers of countries around the Indian Ocean.
- March 21
–
Battle of Bauge
: A small French force surprises and defeats a smaller English force under
Thomas, Duke of Clarence
, a brother of
Henry V of England
, in
Normandy
.
[6]
- May 26
–
Mehmed I
,
Sultan
of the
Ottoman Empire
, dies and is succeeded by his son,
Murad II
.
- November 17
–
19
–
St. Elizabeth's flood
: The coastal area near
Dordrecht
in the
Netherlands
is flooded, due to the extremely high tide of the
North Sea
; 72 villages are drowned, killing about 10,000 people, and the course of the
Meuse
is changed.
Date unknown
[
edit
]
1422
This section is
transcluded
from
1422
.
(
edit
|
history
)
January–December
[
edit
]
Undated
[
edit
]
1423
This section is
transcluded
from
1423
.
(
edit
|
history
)
January–March
[
edit
]
April–June
[
edit
]
- April 13
–
Hundred Years' War
:.The
Treaty of Amiens
is signed as a mutual defense treaty between the Duchy of Burgundy, the Duchy of Brittany and the Kingdom of England.
[10]
- April 15
–
Francesco Foscari
is elected the new
Doge
of the
Republic of Venice
after the death of
Tommaso Mocenigo
. He will serve as the Venetian Republic's executive for 34 years before being forced to abdicate a few days before his death in 1457.
[11]
- April 27
–
Hussite Wars
–
Battle of Ho?ice
: The
Taborites
decisively beat the
Utraquists
.
[12]
- April 28
–
Ashikaga Yoshimochi
abdicates as
shogun
of
Japan
and is succeeded by his son,
Ashikaga Yoshikazu
.
[13]
- May 18
– The
Treaty of Melno
signed on September 27 to end the
Gollub War
between the
State of the Teutonic Order
(on the Baltic Sea, with a capital at
Marienburg
) and the alliance of Poland and Lithuania, is ratified by all three parties.
[14]
- May 22
–
Byzantine?Ottoman Wars
: After a two-day battle,
Turakhan Beg
, Ottoman governor of
Thessaly
, breaks through the
Hexamilion wall
, and ravages the
Peloponnese
Peninsula in Greece.
[15]
- May 23
– The Sultan of Gujarat,
Ahmad Shah I
is finally able to return home to reassume the throne.
[9]
- June 10
– Gil Sanchez Munoz y Carbon, a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop, is elected by bishops in
Avignon
as the third "
antipope
", succeeding the late
Antipope Benedict XIII
. , who had died on May 23 after a reign of more than 20 years. Sanchez Munoz takes the name of
Antipope Clement VIII
[16]
as the Avignon clergy disagree with
Pope Martin V
of Rome.
July–September
[
edit
]
- July 10
–
Pope Martin V
gives his approval of the
Treaty of Melno
.
[14]
- July 31
–
Hundred Years' War
–
Battle of Cravant
: The
French
army is defeated at Cravant, on the banks of the River
Yonne
near
Auxerre
, by the
English
and their
Burgundian
allies.
- August
– The
Yongle Emperor
launches his
fourth campaign
against the
Northern Yuan
.
[17]
- August 2
–
Ataullah Muhammad Shah I
begins a 50-year reign as the
Sultan of Kedah
in what is now
Malaysia
, following the death of his father,
Sulaiman Shah I
, who had reigned for 50 years after becoming Sultan in 1373.
- August 12
– The Treaty of
Sveti Srdj
ends the
Second Scutari War
, waged between the
Serbian Despotate
and the
Venetian Republic
,
[18]
over
Scutari
, and other former possessions of
Zeta
, captured by the Venetians.
[19]
- September 26
–
Hundred Years' War
: The
Battle of La Brossiniere
is fought in France near
Bourgon
in what is now the
Mayenne
departement. The English force of 2,800 men, under the command of Sir John De la Pole, is crushed by the armies of France, Anjou and Maine, and the English suffer more than 1,400 deaths.
[20]
October–December
[
edit
]
Date unknown
[
edit
]
- The three independent boroughs of
Pamplona
are united into a single town by royal decree, after centuries of feuds.
- Dan II of Wallachia
, with Hungarian help, wins two battles against the Ottomans.
1424
This section is
transcluded
from
1424
.
(
edit
|
history
)
January–March
[
edit
]
- January 23
–
William Cheyne
becomes the
Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
, replacing the late
William Hankford
.
[23]
- February 1
– While negotiating his release from captivity, King James of Scotland is allowed to be married to
Joan Beaufort
in
London
, with a ceremony taking place at
Southwark Cathedral
.
[24]
- February 12
– The coronation of
Sophia of Halshany
, wife of
Władysław II Jagiełło
, as
Queen consort of Poland
takes place at the Krakow Cathedral.
[25]
- February 14
–
Wars in Lombardy
: The Army of the
Florentine Republic
, led by Captain
Pandolfo III Malatesta
, storms the city of Romagna.
- March 28
– King
James I of Scotland
is released after having been held captive in
England
for 18 years. James is freed after putting his royal seal on a ransom treaty of £40,000, secured by Scottish hostages taking his place, as agreed at
Durham
in England.
[26]
April–June
[
edit
]
July –September
[
edit
]
- July 28
– The Army of the
Duchy of Milan
, led by the Duke
Filippo Maria Visconti
, defeats the
Republic of Florence
Army, led by
Carlo I Malatesta
, in the
Battle of Zagonara
.
[27]
- August 17
–
Battle of Verneuil
: An
English
force under
John, Duke of Bedford
defeats a larger
French
army under the
Duke of Alencon
,
John Stewart
, and
Earl Archibald of Douglas
. Alencon is captured and Douglas killed.
[28]
- September 7
– Prince Zhu Gaochi of China becomes the
Emperor Renzong
of the
Ming dynasty
, beginning the Hongxi era, after the August 12 death of his father, the
Yongle Emperor
.
[29]
- September 13
– After the signing of a treaty between the different factions in the
Hussite Wars
, the Bohemian campaign is completed in what is now the
Czech Republic
.
- September 23
– The Hussites, led by
Jan ?i?ka
, begin marching towards North Moravia to suppress the ongoing rebellion there.
October –December
[
edit
]
Date unknown
[
edit
]
1425
This section is
transcluded
from
1425
.
(
edit
|
history
)
- November 9
–
Kale Kye-Taung Nyo
becomes
King of Ava
by having his lover, Queen
Shin Bo-Me
, assassinate his 8-year-old nephew, King
Min Hla
.
- December 9
– The
Old University of Leuven
,
Belgium
is founded.
- Date unknown
- The
Maltese people
rise up against Don Gonsalvo Monroy, count of Malta. The insurgents repel an attempt by the Viceroy of
Sicily
to bring the island to order. The Maltese do not submit to
Catalan-Aragonese
rule, until the Magna Charta Libertatis, granting them their new rights, is delivered to them.
- Beijing
, capital of
China
, becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from
Nanjing
(estimated date).
[34]
- By this year,
paper currency
in China is worth only 0.025% to 0.014% of its original value in the 14th century; this, and the counterfeiting of
copper
coin currency, will lead to a dramatic shift to using
silver
as the common
medium of exchange
in China.
- Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi's critical history of
Persia
,
Zafar Nama
, is completed under the auspices of Mirza Ibrahim Sultan, grandson of
Timur
.
1426
This section is
transcluded
from
1426
.
(
edit
|
history
)
1427
This section is
transcluded
from
1427
.
(
edit
|
history
)
January–December
[
edit
]
Date unknown
[
edit
]
1428
This section is
transcluded
from
1428
.
(
edit
|
history
)
January–December
[
edit
]
- February 2
–
1428 Catalonia earthquake
. The earthquake takes place during
Candlemas
, striking the region of
Catalonia
, especially
Roussillon
, with an
epicentre
near
Camprodon
. The earthquake is one of a series of related seismic events that shake Catalonia in a single year. Beginning on
23 February
1427
, tremors are felt in
March
,
April
,
15 May
at
Olot
.
[38]
[39]
- May –
Joan of Arc
makes her first attempt to reach the Armagnac court at Chinon in support of
Charles VII of France
but is rebuffed.
[40]
- June 3
–
Dan II
leads an army against the Ottomans at
Golubac Fortress
, obtaining a treaty that will allow him a semi-peaceful rule in
Wallachia
, until
1432
.
- August 7
– The
Valais witch trials
begin in Swiss
Savoy
.
[41]
- August 30
–
Emperor Go-Hanazono
accedes to the throne of
Japan
.
- October 12
–
English
forces under
Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury
,
besiege Orleans
.
Jean de Dunois
, the Bastard of Orleans, commands the defenders.
[42]
- October 24
– Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, is mortally wounded in an unsuccessful assault on Orleans. He is succeeded in command by
William de la Pole, 4th Earl of Suffolk
.
Date unknown
[
edit
]
1429
This section is
transcluded
from
1429
.
(
edit
|
history
)
January–December
[
edit
]
- February 12
–
Battle of Rouvray
(or "of the Herrings"):
English
forces under Sir
John Fastolf
defend a supply convoy, which is carrying rations (food) to the army of
William de la Pole, 4th Earl of Suffolk
at
Orleans
, from attack by the
Comte de Clermont
and
John Stewart
.
[44]
- April 29
–
Siege of Orleans
:
Joan of Arc
enters
Orleans
with a relief expedition.
[45]
- May 7
– The Tourelles, the last
English
siege fortification at
Orleans
, falls.
Joan of Arc
becomes the hero of the battle by returning, wounded, to lead the final charge.
- May 8
– The
English
, weakened by disease and lack of supplies, depart
Orleans
.
- June 18
–
Battle of Patay
:
French
forces under
Joan of Arc
smash the
English
forces under
Lord Talbot
and
Sir
John Fastolf
, forcing the withdrawal of the
English
from the
Loire Valley
.
- July 17
–
Charles VII of France
is crowned in
Rheims
.
[46]
- September
– The
Hafsid
Saracens
attempt to capture Malta
, but are repelled by its defenders.
- September 8
–
Joan of Arc
leads an unsuccessful attack on
Paris
, and is wounded.
- November 4
–
Armagnac?Burgundian Civil War
: Joan of Arc liberates
Saint-Pierre-le-Moutier
.
- November 24
–
Joan of Arc
besieges La Charite
.
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Significant people
[
edit
]
| This section is empty.
You can help by
adding to it
.
(
March 2016
)
|
Births
1420
1421
1422
- March 8
–
Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati
, Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1479
)
- June 7
–
Federico da Montefeltro
, Duke of Urbino (d.
1482
)
- October 5
–
Catherine, Princess of Asturias
, Spanish royal (d.
1424
)
- November 27
–
Gaston IV, Count of Foix
, French nobleman from Bearn (d.
1472
)
- November 29
–
Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont
, English baron (d.
1460
)
- date unknown
–
Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza
, Timurid ruler in Khurasan (d.
1457
)
- probable
–
William Caxton
, English printer (d. c.
1491
)
- approximate
–
Agnes Sorel
, French courtier, mistress of
Charles VII of France
(d.
1450
)
1423
- April 4
–
Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrucken
, Count of Nassau-Saarbrucken (1429?1472) (d.
1472
)
- May 18
–
Lady Katherine Percy
, English nobility (d.
1475
)
- May 30
–
Georg von Peuerbach
, Austrian astronomer (d.
1461
)
- June 2
–
Ferdinand I of Naples
(d.
1494
)
- June 15
–
Gabriele Sforza
, Archbishop of Milan (d.
1457
)
- July 3
–
Louis XI of France
, monarch of the House of Valois, King of France from 1461 to 1483 (d.
1483
)
[51]
- July 6
–
Antonio Manetti
, Italian mathematician and architect (d.
1497
)
- August 24
–
Thomas Rotherham
, English cleric (d.
1500
)
- September 10
–
Eleanor, Princess of Asturias
(d.
1425
)
- August
–
Demetrios Chalkokondyles
, Greek scholar (d.
1511
)
1424
1425
1426
1427
- February 27
–
Ruprecht
, Archbishop of Cologne (d.
1480
)
- May 8
–
John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester
, Lord High Treasurer (d.
1470
)
- May 29
–
Francoise d'Amboise
, duchess consort of Brittany, co-founder of the first monastery of the Carmelites in France (d.
1485
)
- June 22
–
Lucrezia Tornabuoni
, Italian writer, adviser and spouse of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici (d.
1482
)
- September 9
–
Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros
, English politician (d.
1464
)
- October 26
– Archduke
Sigismund of Austria
(d.
1496
)
- November 24
–
John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire
(d.
1473
)
- November 29
–
Zhengtong Emperor
of China (d.
1464
)
- November 30
–
Casimir IV Jagiellon
, King of Poland (d.
1492
)
- date unknown
–
Shen Zhou
, Chinese painter (d.
1509
)
1428
- February 3
–
Helena Palaiologina
, Queen of Cyprus (d.
1458
)
- April 7
–
William Percy
, late medieval Bishop of Carlisle (d.
1462
)
- May 3
–
Pedro Gonzalez de Mendoza
, Spanish cardinal and statesman (d.
1495
)
- July 4
–
Filippo Strozzi the Elder
, Italian banker (d.
1491
)
- September 21
–
Jingtai Emperor
of China (d.
1457
)
- November 2
–
Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine
(d.
1483
)
- November 22
–
Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
, English nobleman, known as "the Kingmaker" (d.
1471
)
[57]
- December 4
–
Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe
(1429?1511) (d.
1511
)
- date unknown
–
Donato Acciaioli
, Italian scholar (d.
1478
)
- probable
–
Didrik Pining
, German explorer (approximate date)
1429
Deaths
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
- January 4
–
Muzio Sforza
, Italian condottiero
- January 8
–
Stephen Zaccaria
, Latin Archbishop of Patras
- April 14
–
Lucia Visconti
, English countess (b.
1372
)
[63]
- May 10
–
Emperor Go-Kameyama
of Japan
[64]
- June 5
–
Braccio da Montone
, Italian
condottiero
- June 10
– Duke
Ernest of Austria
(b.
1377
)
- June 16
–
Johannes Ambundii
, Archbishop of Riga
- August 12
–
Yongle Emperor
of China (b.
1360
)
- August 17
–
John Stewart, Earl of Buchan
(b. c.
1381
)
- September 17
–
Catherine, Princess of Asturias
, Castilian royal (b.
1422
)
- October 11
–
Jan ?i?ka
, Czech general and Hussite leader
- date unknown
–
Joan II, Countess of Auvergne
(b.
1378
)
- probable
–
Johannes Abezier
, provost and bishop of the Teutonic Knights (b.
1380
)
1425
1426
- March
/
May
–
Thomas Hoccleve
, English poet (b. c.
1368
)
- c. late May –
Kale Kye-Taung Nyo
, deposed King of Ava (b. c.
1385
)
- September 18
–
Hubert van Eyck
, painter
[65]
- November 24
–
Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter
, English Plantagent noblewoman, daughter of John of Gaunt (b. c.
1363
)
- December
–
Pippo Spano
, Hungarian military leader (b.
1369
)
- December 31
–
Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter
, English nobleman and military leader (b. c.
1377
)
- date unknown
–
Tezozomoc
, Tepanec ruler of Azcapotzalco and military leader
1427
1428
- January 4
–
Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
(b.
1370
)
- February 3
–
Ashikaga Yoshimochi
, Japanese sh?gun (b.
1386
)
- June 12
–
Zawisza Czarny
, Polish knight and diplomat
- August 27
–
John I of Munsterberg
, Duke of Ziebice (b.
1370
)
- August 30
–
Emperor Sh?k?
, emperor of Japan (b.
1401
)
- Autumn –
Masaccio
, Italian painter (b.
1401
)
- November 3
–
Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury
, English military leader (mortally wounded in battle) (b.
1388
)
[69]
- November 4
–
Sophia of Bavaria
, Queen regent of Bohemia (b.
1376
)
- date unknown
- probable
–
John Purvey
, English theologian (b.
1353
)
1429
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Arthur Hassall (1919).
France, Mediaeval and Modern: A History
. Clarendon Press. p. 64.
ISBN
978-0-598-86435-2
.
- ^
Keith Dockray (2004).
Henry V
. Tempus. p. 185.
ISBN
978-0-7524-3046-1
.
- ^
Guzman, L. (February 14, 2019).
"Encuentran registros de megaterremoto ocurrido hace seis siglos en el norte de Chile"
.
El Mercurio
(in Spanish). Santiago, Chile
. Retrieved
June 8,
2019
.
- ^
Manuel Abad, Tatiana Izquierdo, Miguel Caceres, Enrique Bernardez and Joaquin Rodriguez-Vidal (2018).
Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean-wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile)
. Sedimentology. Publication: december, 13th, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12570
- ^
Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
- ^
a
b
Cambridge Antiquarian Society (Cambridge, England) (1958).
Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society
. Deighton Bell. pp. 37?38.
- ^
Terence, Kealey (1996),
The Economic Laws of Scientific Research
- ^
Szarmach, Paul E.; Tavormina, M. Teresa; Rosenthal, Joel T. (2017).
Routledge Revivals: Medieval England (1998): An Encyclopedia
. Taylor & Francis. p. 348.
ISBN
9781351666374
.
- ^
a
b
"Ahmedabad Kings (A.D. 1403?1573)", in
History of Gujarat
, ed. by James Macnabb Campbell (The Government Central Press, 1896) pp.236?241
- ^
John A. Wagner, ed.,
Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
(Greenwood Publishing, 2006)
- ^
"Foscari, Francesco", by Luigi Villari, in the
Encyclopædia Britannica
(11th edition) (Cambridge University Press, 1911), Volume 10, p.730
- ^
Thomas A. Fudge; Helen J. Nicholson (2002).
The Crusade Against Heretics in Bohemia, 1418-1437: Sources and Documents for the Hussite Crusades
. Ashgate. p. x.
ISBN
978-0-7546-0801-1
.
- ^
Kiyoshi Ito (2008).
『足利義持』吉川弘文館〈人物叢書〉
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