Year 1250 ( MCCL ) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar .

Events [ edit ]

By place [ edit ]

World [ edit ]

• The world population is estimated at between 400 and 416 million individuals.
• World climate transitions from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age . ^[1]
• Medieval music : The Notre Dame school of polyphony ends.

Europe [ edit ]

• February 2 – King Eric XI (Eriksson) dies and is succeeded by the 10-year-old Valdemar I , who is the eldest son of Birger jarl . He is elected as ruler of Sweden , and becomes the first Swedish king of the House of Folkung .
• October 12 – A great storm shifts the mouth of the River Rother in England 12 miles (20 km) to the west; a battering series of strong storms significantly alters other coastal geography around Romney Marsh .
• December 13 – Emperor Frederick II dies, beginning the 23-year-long "Great Interregnum ". Frederick is the last Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty; after the interregnum, the empire passes to the Habsburgs .
• The Lombard League dissolves upon the death of its member states' nemesis, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• King Afonso III (the Boulonnais) captures the Algarve from the Moors, thus completing the expulsion of the Moors from Portugal .
• Albertus Magnus isolates the element arsenic , as the 8th discovered metal. He also first uses the word " oriole " to describe a type of bird (most likely the golden oriole ).
• The Rialto Bridge in Venice (in modern-day Italy ) is converted from a pontoon bridge to a permanent, raised wooden structure.
• The Ponts Couverts fortified bridges of Strasbourg (in modern-day France) are completed.
• Vincent of Beauvais completes his proto-encyclopedic work Speculum Maius ("Greater mirror").
• The first of the Parlements of Ancien Regime France is established.
• Villard de Honnecourt draws the first known image of a sawmill .
• The first usage is made of the English word " cuckold ", according to the Oxford English Dictionary .

Asia [ edit ]

• July 9 ? The Qaymariyya tribe engineers a coup d'etat to hand over Damascus to An-Nasir Yusuf . The garrison in the citadel surrenders later to him. ^[2]
• A kurultai is called by Batu Khan in Siberia as part of maneuverings which will elect Mongke Khan as khan of the Mongol Empire in 1251 .
• Starting in this year and ending in 1275 , the Muslim Shougeng Pu , likely a Persian or an Arab, serves as the Commissioner of Merchant Shipping for the Song dynasty Chinese seaport at Quanzhou , due to his effort in defeating pirates. ^[3]

Africa [ edit ]

• April 8 – Battle of Fariskur : Louis IX (the Saint) is captured by Baibars ' Mamluk army while he is in Egypt conducting the Seventh Crusade ; he later has to ransom himself.
• April 30 – King Louis IX (the Saint) is released by his Egyptian captors after paying a ransom of one million dinars and turning over the city of Damietta .
• May 2 – Al-Muazzam Turanshah , Ayyubid ruler of Egypt, is murdered, ending effective Ayyubid Dynasty rule in the country. He is briefly succeeded by his widow, Sultana Shajar al-Durr . ^[4]
• July 21 – Aybak becomes ruler of Egypt , beginning the Bahri Dynasty of the Mamluk Sultanate . After 5 days he stands down and the 6-year-old Al-Ashraf Musa is nominally proclaimed sultan. ^[4]
• The Welayta state is founded in modern-day Ethiopia .
• In Tunis , a popular rebellion against newly arrived, wealthy and influential Andalusian refugees breaks out, and is violently put down. ^[5]

Oceania [ edit ]

• Samoa frees itself from Tongan rule , which begins the Malietoa dynasty in Samoa (approximate date).

By topic [ edit ]

Markets [ edit ]

• The Flemish town of Douai emits the first recorded redeemable annuities in medieval Europe, confirming a trend of consolidation of local public debt started in 1218 , in Rheims . ^[6]
• The Sienese bankers belonging to the firm known as the Gran Tavola , under the steering of the Bonsignori Brothers, become the main financiers of the Papacy. ^[7]

Births [ edit ]

• April 8 – John Tristan , son of Louis IX (d. 1270 )
• Adolf II of Waldeck , prince-bishop of Liege (d. 1302 )
• Agnes of Baden , German noblewoman (d. 1295 )
• Albert II of Saxony , German nobleman (d. 1298 )
• Albert III , German nobleman and knight (d. 1300 )
• Albertus de Chiavari , Italian Master General (d. 1300)
• Allamah al-Hilli , Persian Shia theologian (d. 1325 )
• Asher ben Jehiel , German Jewish rabbi (d. 1327 )
• Beatrice of Savoy , Swiss noblewoman (d. 1292 )
• Bonconte I da Montefeltro , Italian general (d. 1289 )
• Diether of Nassau , archbishop of Trier (d. 1307 )
• Dmitry of Pereslavl , Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1294 )
• Esclaramunda of Foix , queen of Majorca (d. 1315 )
• Fra Dolcino , Italian priest and reformist (d. 1307)
• Grigorije II of Ras , Serbian monk-scribe (d. 1321 )
• Guido Cavalcanti , Italian poet and writer (d. 1300)
• Jeanne de Montfort , Swiss noblewoman (d. 1300)
• John IV (Laskaris), emperor of Nicaea (d. 1305 )
• Konrad II of Masovia , Polish nobleman (d. 1294)
• Margaret of Burgundy , queen of Sicily (d. 1308 )
• Matteo I Visconti , Italian imperial vicar (d. 1322 )
• Mordechai ben Hillel , German scholar (d. 1298)
• Nij? Tameyo , Japanese official and poet (d. 1338 )
• Niklot I , German nobleman and knight (d. 1323 )
• Rhys ap Maredudd , Welsh nobleman (d. 1292)
• Robert II , French nobleman and knight (d. 1302)
• Sancho of Aragon , Spanish archbishop (d. 1275 )
• Theodoric of Freiberg , German physicist (d. 1311 )
• Zavi? of Falkenstein , Bohemian nobleman (d. 1290 )

Deaths [ edit ]

• February 2 – Eric XI (Eriksson), king of Sweden (b. 1216 )
• February 6 – Geoffrey VI , French nobleman and knight
• February 8
  • Andrew III , French nobleman and knight (b. 1200 )
  • Fakhr ad-Din , Egyptian ruler and military leader
  • Robert I (the Good), French nobleman (b. 1216)
  • William Longespee (the Younger), English knight
• February 11 – Jean de Ronay , French Grand Master
• March 29 – Ludolph of Ratzeburg , German bishop
• April 6
  • Guillaume de Sonnac , French Grand Master
  • Hugh XI of Lusignan , French nobleman (b. 1221 )
• May 2 – Al-Muazzam Turanshah , Ayyubid ruler of Egypt ^[4]
• May 21 – Humbert V , French nobleman and knight (b. 1198 )
• May 26 – Peter I (Mauclerc), French nobleman (b. 1187 )
• May 27 – Raniero Capocci , Italian priest and cardinal
• June 7 – Vitslav I , Danish nobleman and knight (b. 1180 )
• June 18 – Theresa of Portugal , queen of Leon (b. 1176 )
• August 10 – Eric IV (Ploughpenny), king of Denmark
• October 4 – Herman VI , German nobleman and knight
• October 12 – Richard Wendene , English bishop (b. 1219 )
• December 13 – Frederick II , Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1194 ) ^[8]
• Alice of Schaerbeek , Flemish Cistercian lay sister (b. 1220 )
• Gilbertus Anglicus , English physician and writer (b. 1180)
• Julian of Speyer , German Franciscan composer and poet
• Leonardo of Pisa , Italian mathematician and writer (b. 1170 )
• Romee de Villeneuve , French nobleman and seneschal
• Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi , Persian biographer
• Walter of Serviliano , Italian Benedictine hermit and abbot
• Yang Miaozhen , Chinese female military leader (b. 1193 )

References [ edit ]