From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Year
1216
(
MCCXVI
) was a
leap year starting on Friday
(link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar
.
Events
[
edit
]
By continent
[
edit
]
Europe
[
edit
]
- Spring –
First Barons' War
: The English army, led by
John, King of England
("Lackland"), sacks the town of
Berwick-on-Tweed
and raids southern
Scotland
. John pushes up towards
Edinburgh
over a ten-day period. On his return, he puts down a revolt in
East Anglia
. On
March 24
, he arrives at
Hertford
to deal with the challenge of a coming French invasion.
[1]
- April 10
– Ten-year-old
John I
, son of the former King
Sverker II
("the Younger") succeeds
Eric X
("Knutsson") as King of Sweden, when Eric dies of fever at the end of a 8-year reign, at
Nas Castle
on the island of
Visingso
.
- April 22
–
Battle of Lipitsa
: The Kievan princes
Mstislav Mstislavich
and
Konstantin of Rostov
defeat Konstantin's younger brothers
Yuri II
and
Yaroslav II
for the rule of the Principality of
Vladimir-Suzdal
(modern
Russia
).
- May 18
– King John of England assembles a naval force to defend against a French invasion. Bad storms disperse the fleet, and John spends the summer reorganizing defenses across the country. He sees several of his military household desert to the barons, including his half-brother,
William Longespee
, who is the commander of John's army in the south.
[2]
- May 21
– Prince
Louis of France
, son of King
Philip II
("Augustus"), invades
England
in support of the barons, landing in
Thanet
. He enters
London
without opposition, and is proclaimed, but not crowned, King of England at
Old St Paul's Cathedral
. In June, Louis captures
Rochester Castle
and
Winchester
, and soon controls over half of the English kingdom.
[1]
- June
– The rebel English barons besiege
Windsor Castle
and
Dover Castle
; the latter is strategically important as the 'gateway to England', controlling the shortest route to
France
. Meanwhile, King John uses
Corfe Castle
in the southwest as his base of operations while he plans his campaign against the barons and the French invading army under Louis.
[3]
- July 24
–
Albigensian Crusade
: French forces under
Raymond VII
, count of
Toulouse
, besiege
Castle Beaucaire
in May. After three months, the occupants are running low on supplies and surrender to Raymond.
[4]
- October 19
– Ten-year-old
Henry III
succeeds his father, King John of England, when the latter dies of
dysentery
at
Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire
).
William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke
, becomes
regent
.
[5]
- November 12
– William Marshal and Cardinal
Guala Bicchieri
, Italian diplomat and
papal legate
to England, issue a
Charter of Liberties
, based on
Magna Carta
, in the new king's name.
[5]
[6]
Levant
[
edit
]
- February 14
–
Leo I, King of Armenia
("the Magnificent"), with support of the
Knights Hospitaller
, reconquers the
Principality of Antioch
. Armenian troops enter
Antioch
while Prince
Bohemond IV of Antioch
("the One-Eyed") is absent. The
Knights Templar
, supporting Bohemond, abandon the citadel, and
Raymond-Roupen
is installed as
Prince of Antioch
by the Latin Patriarch,
Peter II
.
[7]
- October 8
–
Az-Zahir Ghazi
, Ayyubid ruler of
Aleppo
, dies after a 23-year reign. He is succeeded by his 3-year-old son
Al-Aziz Muhammad
. Because of his young age, Toghril becomes Al-Aziz's regent or guardian (
atabeg
).
By topic
[
edit
]
Literature
[
edit
]
Religion
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
- September 25
–
Robert I
, French
nobleman
(d.
1250
)
- Al-Mahdi Ahmad bin al-Husayn
, Arab ruler (d.
1258
)
- Bernard Ayglerius
(or
Aygler
), French cardinal (d.
1282
)
- Contardo of Este
, Italian nobleman and knight (d.
1249
)
- Eric IV
(
the Plowpenny
), king of
Denmark
(d. 1250)
- Eric XI
(
the Lisp and Lame
), king of
Sweden
(d. 1250)
- Henry V
(
the Great
), count of
Luxembourg
(d.
1281
)
- Liu Bingzhong
(or
Liu kan
), Chinese adviser (d.
1274
)
- Nij? Yoshizane
, Japanese nobleman (
kugy?
) (d.
1270
)
- Safi al-Din al-Urmawi
, Persian musician (d.
1294
)
- Stephen Longespee
, English
seneschal
(d.
1260
)
- Zahed Gilani
, Arab
Sufi
leader and writer (d.
1301
)
Deaths
[
edit
]
- January 18
–
Guy II of Dampierre
, French nobleman
- January 31
–
Theodore II
, patriarch of
Constantinople
- February 23
–
Geoffrey de Mandeville
, English nobleman
- April 10
–
Eric X
(
Knutsson
), king of Sweden (b.
1180
)
- April 27
–
Sukeko
, Japanese princess and empress
- June 11
–
Henry of Flanders
, Latin emperor (b.
1178
)
- July 16
–
Innocent III
, pope of the
Catholic Church
- September 2
–
Peter II
(
of Ivrea
), patriarch of
Antioch
- October 8
–
Az-Zahir Ghazi
, Ayyubid ruler of
Aleppo
- October 19
–
John
(
Lackland
), king of
England
(b.
1166
)
- Eustace de Vesci
, English nobleman and knight (b.
1169
)
- Fujiwara no Ariie
, Japanese nobleman and poet (b.
1155
)
- Ida of Boulogne
, French noblewoman and ruler (b.
1160
)
- Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen
, Tibetan spiritual leader (b.
1147
)
- Kamo no Ch?mei
, Japanese poet and
essayist
(b. 1155)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).
The Chronology of British History
. London: Century Ltd. pp. 77?79.
ISBN
0-7126-5616-2
.
- ^
Turner, Ralph V. (2009).
King John: England's Evil King?
, p. 194. Stroud, UK: History Press.
ISBN
978-0-7524-4850-3
.
- ^
Green, Neal (2021).
The Siege of Berkhamsted Castle - a reappraisal
, p. 4. Academia Letters, Article 1834.
- ^
Dell'Umbria, Alessi (2006).
Histoire universelle de Marseille. De l'an mil a l'an deux mille
, p. 27. Marseille: Agone.
ISBN
2-7489-0061-8
.
- ^
a
b
Williams, Hywel (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History
. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.
133?135
.
ISBN
0-304-35730-8
.
- ^
Powicke, Maurice
(1962).
The Thirteenth Century 1216?1307
.
Oxford History of England
, vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 5.
- ^
Kenneth M; Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry (eds.).
A History of The Crusades, Vol II: The Later Crusades, 1189?1311
, pp. 522?554. The University of Wisconsin Press.
ISBN
0-299-04844-6
.
- ^
Steven Runciman
(1952).
A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre
, p. 123.
ISBN
978-0-241-29877-0
.