Demographics
edit
The
world population
on January 1, 2003, was estimated to be 6.272?billion people and increased to 6.353?billion people by January 1, 2004.
[2]
An estimated 134.0?million births and 52.5?million deaths took place in 2003.
[2]
The average global
life expectancy
was 67.1 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2002.
[2]
The rate of
child mortality
was 6.85%, a decrease of 0.27
pp
from 2002.
[3]
25.54% of people were living in
extreme poverty
, a decrease of 1.31pp from 2002
[4]
There were approximately 10.6?million global refugees at the beginning of 2003, and the number was reduced to 9.7?million refugees by the end of the year.
[5]
Afghanistan was the largest source of refugees, with a total of 2.1?million at the end of the year.
[5]
Conflicts
edit
There were 29 armed conflicts affecting 22 countries in 2003. This was a net decrease from 31 conflicts in 2002.
[6]
:?625?
The deadliest conflicts were in Iraq,
Kashmir
, Liberia, Nepal, and Sudan.
[6]
:?627?
Internal conflicts
edit
The
Colombian conflict
against two Marxist militant groups?the
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
and the
National Liberation Army
?escalated in 2003.
[7]
:?101?
The government negotiated an agreement for the right-wing militant group
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia
to disband as a means to deescalate the conflict.
[7]
:?102?
The
First Ivorian Civil War
was halted in 2003 amid a ceasefire while France and the states of
ECOWAS
intervened. Peace talks fell apart on March 7 until the ceasefire was restored on May 3, only to be broken again on September 23. The war was left in a frozen state at the end of 2003 with rebels controlling parts of the country.
[7]
:?115?116?
The
Second Liberian Civil War
against
Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy
escalated when the
Movement for Democracy in Liberia
split off as its own faction.
[7]
:?116?
President
Charles Taylor
resigned on August 2, allowing a peace agreement to take place on August 18.
[7]
:?118?
The Indonesian
insurgency in Aceh
escalated when a demilitarization agreement failed and the government renewed its offensive in May.
[7]
:?126?
The
Moro conflict
in the Philippines deescalated when the Philippine government agreed to peace talks with the
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
in July, though conflicts with other groups continued.
[7]
:?129?
The
Sri Lankan Civil War
continued in 2003 as peace talks failed, and long-running civil wars
in Burundi
and
in Uganda
both escalated.
[7]
:?107?112?
The
Second Sudanese Civil War
escalated as new militant groups joined the conflict,
[6]
:?628?
though a security agreement was reached between the
National Islamic Front
and the
Sudan People's Liberation Movement
on September 25.
[7]
:?119?
The
Second Chechen War
continued in Russia: the Russian government held a referendum for a new Chechen constitution and offered amnesty for Chechen rebels, but terror attacks continued.
[7]
:?125?
International conflicts
edit
Only two inter-state conflicts took place in 2003: the
Iraq War
and the
Kashmir conflict
. The Kashmir conflict saw progress toward resolution in 2003 as negotiations began and a ceasefire took effect on November 23.
[7]
:?95?
A coalition of countries led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia led an
invasion of Iraq
beginning on March 20, warning that Iraq had been
operating a program
to develop
weapons of mass destruction
. The subsequent Iraq War became the most publicized conflict in 2003.
[6]
:?627?628?
The
Second Intifada
continued into 2003 as conflict between Israel and Palestine killed 400 people in suicide bombings by Palestinians and military strikes by the
Israel Defense Forces
.
[7]
:?104?
The global economy improved in the second half of 2003 as it recovered from the
early 2000s recession
, brought about by low
interest rates
and
expansionary fiscal policy
. The United States led the recovery, while China and Japan also made significant contributions. The economic situation improved in Latin America and Africa, while Western Europe saw slower recovery. The
gross world product
increased by 2.5% in 2003, and
international trade
increased by 4.75%. The prices of non-fuel commodities, such as metal, minerals, and agricultural materials, increased during the year.
[17]
Environment and weather
edit
2003 tied with
2002
as the second hottest year on record, behind only
1998
. The year began during an
El Nino
period that continued until April.
A major heatwave
occurred in Europe during the summer, causing approximately 70,000 deaths, 14,000 in France alone.
Severe cold weather affected Asia, North America, and Peru. 2003 saw low precipitation, causing droughts in Australia, the United States, and Zimbabwe. The previous year's droughts in Asia were alleviated by heavy precipitation in the region.
[18]
Major earthquakes in 2003 included
a magnitude 6.8 earthquake
in Algeria on May 21 that killed over 2,200 people and
a magnitude 6.6 earthquake
in Iran on December 26 that killed about 50,000 people.
[19]
The
2003 Atlantic hurricane season
was above average in activity, including sixteen
named storms
of which seven were hurricanes. The most severe hurricanes were
Hurricane Fabian
,
Hurricane Isabel
, and
Hurricane Kate
.
Tropical Storm Ana
was the first recorded North Atlantic tropical storm to occur in April, and 2003 was the first year since 1887 to have two tropical storms occur in December.
[20]
The
2003 Pacific typhoon season
was slightly more intense than average, though the overall number of tropical storms was below average with 23 total storms. The most destructive typhoons were
Typhoon Dujuan
, which made landfall in
Guangdong
, China, on September 2, and
Typhoon Maemi
, which made landfall in South Korea on September 12.
[21]
February
edit
- February 1
? At the conclusion of the
STS-107
mission, the
Space Shuttle
Columbia
disintegrates during reentry
over
Texas
, killing all seven astronauts on board.
[28]
- February 4
? The
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
is renamed to "Serbia and Montenegro" (after its two constituent states) after its leaders reconstitute the country into a loose state-union between
Montenegro
and
Serbia
, marking an end to the 73-year-long use of the name "Yugoslavia" by a sovereign state.
[29]
[30]
[31]
- February 5
? U.S. Secretary of State
Colin Powell
speaks to the United Nations presenting the case for a military invasion of
Iraq
. It will later be discovered that the
Bush administration
misled him when preparing his testimony.
[32]
- February 7
?
2003 El Nogal Club bombing
: A car bomb goes off in the garage of the El Nogal club in
Bogota
, Colombia, killing 36 people and injuring hundreds.
[33]
- February 9
-
March 23
? The
2003 Cricket World Cup
is held in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Kenya with Australia defeating India in the final.
- February 15
?
16
?
Antwerp diamond heist
: An Italian gang steals loose diamonds, gold and jewellery valued at more than $100?million from a Belgian vault, one of the largest robberies in history.
[34]
[35]
- February 15
? Millions of people worldwide take part in massive
anti-war protests
in anticipation of the United States and its allies invading
Iraq
to overthrow
Saddam Hussein
's regime.
[36]
- February 18
? An arsonist
sets fire to a subway train
in Daegu, South Korea, killing 192 people.
[37]
- February 19
? An
Ilyushin Il-76
plane
crashes
near
Kerman Airport
in Iran, killing 270 military personnel.
[38]
- February 20
? A pyrotechnics accident during a
Great White
concert causes
a fire
at a nightclub in
West Warwick, Rhode Island
, killing 100 people.
[39]
- February 24
?
2003 Bachu earthquake
: A 6.8 M
w
?earthquake strikes in
Xinjiang
, killing 257 people.
[40]
- February 26
? The
War in Darfur
begins after rebel groups rise up against the Sudanese government.
[41]
- February 27
? Former Bosnian Serb leader
Biljana Plav?i?
is sentenced by the United Nations
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
to 11 years in prison for war crimes committed during the
Bosnian War
.
[42]
- April 9
? U.S. forces
seize control of Baghdad
, ending the rule of Saddam Hussein.
[48]
- April 12
?
Hungary
approves joining the European Union in
a referendum
.
[51]
- April 14
? The
Human Genome Project
is completed, with 99% of the human
genome
sequenced to 99.99% accuracy.
[52]
- April 16
? The
Treaty of Accession
[53]
is signed in Athens between the
European Union
and ten countries (
Czech Republic
,
Estonia
,
Cyprus
,
Latvia
,
Lithuania
,
Hungary
,
Malta
,
Poland
,
Slovenia
and
Slovakia
), concerning these countries' accession into the EU, leading to the 2004
enlargement of the European Union
.
- April 17
?
Anneli Jaatteenmaki
takes office as the first female
prime minister of Finland
.
[54]
- April 18
? Indian Prime Minister
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
visits Kashmir and expresses support for peace negotiations with Pakistan.
[7]
:?95?
- April 20
?
Tropical Storm Ana
becomes the first recorded North Atlantic tropical storm to occur in April.
[20]
- April 21
? The
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
end peace talks in the
Sri Lankan Civil War
.
[7]
:?107?
- April 27
?
Nicanor Duarte Frutos
is elected president over
Julio Cesar Franco
in the
2003 Paraguayan general election
.
[55]
- April 29
? The United States announces the withdrawal of its troops stationed in
Saudi Arabia
, and the redeployment of some at the
Al Udeid Air Base
in
Qatar
.
[56]
- May 1
- May 11
- May 12
- May 15
?
2003 Argentine general election
:
Nestor Kirchner
becomes president-elect of Argentina after
Carlos Menem
withdraws from the runoff election.
[64]
- May 16
?
2003 Casablanca bombings
: Islamist militants affiliated with
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
carry out a series of suicide bombings in
Casablanca
, Morocco, killing at least 41 people.
[65]
- May 17
?
Slovakia
approves joining the European Union in
a referendum
.
[66]
- May 21
? The 6.8 M
w
Boumerdes earthquake
strikes in Algeria, killing over 2,200 people.
[19]
- May 23
?
Dewey
, the world's first
cloned
deer
is born, at
Texas A&M University
.
[67]
- May 24
? The
Eurovision Song Contest 2003
takes place in
Riga
,
Latvia
, and is won by
Turkish
entrant
Sertab Erener
with the song "
Everyway That I Can
".
[68]
- May 26
? A
constitutional referendum
is held in Rwanda.
[69]
- May 28
?
Prometea
, the world's first cloned
horse
, is born.
[70]
- July?August ?
2003 European heat wave
: Europe experiences its hottest summer in over five centuries.
[78]
- July 1
?
Tesla Inc.
, the American electric car company, is founded by
Martin Eberhard
and
Marc Tarpenning
in San Carlos, California.
[79]
[80]
- July 2
? The
International Olympic Committee
awards
Vancouver
the right to host the
2010 Winter Olympics
.
[81]
- July 4
?
2003 Quetta mosque bombing
: Islamist militants attack a Shia mosque in
Quetta
, Pakistan, killing at least 44 people.
[82]
- July 5
? Severe acute respiratory syndrome is declared to be contained by the World Health Organization.
[83]
- July 6
- July 10
? The existence of
PSR B1620?26 b
, the oldest known exoplanet in the galaxy, is confirmed using observations from the
Hubble Space Telescope
.
[86]
- July 13
? The
Iraqi Governing Council
is created by the United States as an ethnically diverse provisional government of Iraq.
[87]
- July 14
?
Robert Novak
identifies
Valerie Plame
as a covert CIA agent, initiating a scandal known as the
Plame affair
.
[88]
- July 15
? The
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia
agrees to disband.
[7]
:?102?
- July 16
? Major
Fernando Pereira
leads
a failed coup
in Sao Tome and Principe.
[89]
- July 18
? The
Convention on the Future of Europe
finishes its work and proposes the first European Constitution.
[90]
- July 24
? The
Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands
, led by
Australia
, begins after ethnic violence engulfs the island country.
[91]
- July 27
?
Oakwood mutiny
: Philippine military officers lead approximately 300 soldiers a failed coup.
[92]
September
edit
- September 2
?
Typhoon Dujuan
makes landfall in
Guangdong
as a category 1 typhoon with sustained winds of 90?mph.
[21]
- September 5
?
Hurricane Fabian
strikes Bermuda.
[20]
- September 12
?
Typhoon Maemi
, makes landfall in South Korea as a category 3 typhoon with sustained winds of 125?mph.
[21]
- September 14
- September 15
?
ELN
rebels kidnap eight foreign tourists at
Ciudad Perdida
,
Colombia
, being freed 100 days later following negotiations with the Colombian government.
[106]
- September 18
?
Hurricane Isabel
makes landfall in
North Carolina
.
[20]
- September 20
?
Latvia
approves joining the European Union in
a referendum
.
[107]
- September 24
? The
Hubble Space Telescope
starts the
Hubble Ultra-Deep Field
, making 800 exposures, until January 16, 2004.
[108]
- September 27
?
SMART-1
, an
ESA
spaceprobe and ESA's first mission to the moon, is launched from
Kourou
,
French Guiana
.
[109]
- September 28
?
2003 Italy blackout
: Power goes out across the
Italian Peninsula
for approximately 12 hours, affecting nearly all of the country's 57 million people.
[110]
November
edit
December
edit
Births and deaths
edit
Nobel Prizes
edit
New English words and terms
edit
- anti-cultural
- baby bump
- Big Rip
- binge-watch
- botnet
- darmstadtium
- electronic cigarette
- flash mob
- iraimbilanja
- manscaping
- MERS
- muffin top
- netroots
- SARS
- severe acute respiratory syndrome
- unfriend
[130]
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