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(1956-08-14)
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(
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:
Bertolt Brecht
,
???????
[?b???t??lt
b??ct]
(
?????
ⓘ
)
; ?? ??????????? ???? ? ?? ????? ????) ????? ????
???????
??????????
,
????????
?
???
? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????
???????
???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????
????????
??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
??? ???????? ?????
????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????
???????????
???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????
????????
????? ??? ?????????? ???????? (?????? ???? ?????????
??????????? ????????
???? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ?????) ? ??????? ??-???????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ???
????? ????
???? ????????? ???? ?????, ??????
???????????????????
???
???????? ????????????
????
?????????????
, ?????? ????
??????????
???????
[?]
?
???? ?????????? ????????? ??????
????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????
????????? ????????
????????? ?????
[?]
???????? ?????????
????????
?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????
???????
?????????????? ??? ???????? ????, ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????-?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ????????, ??? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? "??? ??????? ?????"-? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????
?? ??????????????????
(
Die Dreigroschenoper
) ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????????-? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????-?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????????????????-?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????
?????
???? ? ???
??????? ?????????????
?????? ???? ??????? (????-????) ????
??????
??? ????? ???? ???? ???????-
???????? ???????
?????? ???????
??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????, ???? ???????, ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????
???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????????; ???????? ??? "????????????????????" ("Verfremdungseffekt", ?????? ???????? ???????)-?? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????
???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????????; ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???
[
????????? ????????
]
?????????? ???? ???? ???????????
[
????????
]
- (????)
?? ??????????????????
(
Die Dreigroschenoper
, ??????? "??? ????? ?????")
- (????)
???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????
(
Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny
, ??????? "???????? ????? ?????? ? ???")
- (????)
????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????
(
Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder
, ??????? "?? ???? ? ??? ?????????")
- (????)
????? ??? ???????
(
Leben des Galilei
, ??????? "?????????? ????")
- (????)
??? ????????? ?????????????
(
Der kaukasische Kreidekreis
, ??????? "??????? ???????")
- ↑
John Willet, commentary to
Bertolt Brecht Letters 1913-1956
(NY 1990) pp. 312-13
- ↑
The introduction of this article draws on the following sources: Banham (1998, 129); Burger (1984, 87?92); Jameson (1998, 43?58); Kolocotroni, Goldman and Taxidou (1998, 465?466); Williams (1993, 277?290); Wright (1989, 68?89; 113?137).