????-? ????????? ??????????

Algeria	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Bahrain	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Egypt	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Iraq	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Jordan	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Lebanon	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Libya	pro-Iraq ;
Mauritania	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Palestine	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Sudan	Neutral ; pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Syria	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Tunisia	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;
Yemen	pro-Iraq ; pro-Syria ;

Arab Ba'ath Movement	1940–1947
Ba'ath Party	1947–1966
Ba'ath Party (pro-Iraqi)	1968–2003
Ba'ath Party (pro-Syrian)	1966– present

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????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ ^? ^? Hopwood 1988 , ??. 45?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 17?18?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 18?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 20?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 20?21?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 21?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 21?22?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 22?23?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 24?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 28?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 29?30?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 30?
↑ ^? ^? Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 32?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 33?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 40?42?
↑ Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 2?3?
↑ ^? ^? ^? Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 3?
↑ ^? ^? ^? Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 4?
↑ Seale 1990 , ??. 72?
↑ Seale 1990 , ??. 73?
↑ Seale 1990 , ??. 73?74?
↑ ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 74?
↑ ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 75?
↑ ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 76?
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 77?
↑ ^? ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 78?
↑ ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 500?
↑ Seale 1990 , ??. 79?
↑ Seale 1990 , ??. 79?80?
↑ Mufti 1996 , ??. 152?
↑ Rabinovich, pp. 65-67.
↑ Mufti 1996 , ??. 153?
↑ Arab News Agency (1963). Mideast Mirror . p. 8.
↑ Mufti 1996 , ??. 146-147?
↑ Alumni Association of the American University of Beirut (????), Middle East Forum , 39-40, ?????? 7
↑ ^? ^? Rabinovich 1972 , ??. 68-69?
↑ Commins 2004 , ??. 122?
↑ Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut 1963 , ??. 148?
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 83?
↑ ^? ^? ^? Mufti 1996 , ??. 157?
↑ ^? ^? ^? Rabinovich 1972 , ??. 72?
↑ Chronology of Arab Politics . 1 . Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1963. Page 263. Page. 393.
↑ Chronology of Arab Politics . 2 . Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1964. Page 377. Page 412.
↑ Moubayed 2006 , ??. 38?

??????????? [ ???????? ]

Commins, David D. (????)? Historical Dictionary of Syria ? Scarecrow Press? ???????? 978-0810849341 ?
Hinnebusch, Raymond (????)? Syria: Revolution from Above (1st ???????)? Routledge ? ???????? 978-0-415-26779-3 ?
Hopwood, Derek (????)? Syria 1945?1986: Politics and Society ? Routledge ? ???????? 978-0-04-445046-7 ?
Moubayed, Sami M. (????)? Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900?2000 ? Cune Press? ???????? 978-1885942418 ?
Mufti, Malik (????)? Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq ? Cornell University Press? ???????? 0801431689 ?
Rabinovich, Itamar (????)? Syria Under the Ba?th, 1963-66: The Army Party Symbiosis ? Transaction Publishers?
Seale, Patrick (????)? Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East ? University of California Press ? ???????? 978-0-520-06976-3 ?
Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut (????)? Chronology of Arab Politics ? 1 ? American University of Beirut . Political Studies and Public Administration Department?

[28] ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? , ????? ??-??????????? , ???????? ????? ??-??????? , ????? ????? ? ???? ??-???? ? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ^[??]

[36] ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????? ? ???????????? ????? ??-????? , ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? , ????????????????? ???????? ??-???? , ???????????????? ???? ??-?????? , ????????????? ???? ????? , ?????????????? ????? ???? ? ^[??]^[??]

[FOOTNOTEHopwood198845-1] ? ^? Hopwood 1988 , ??. 45?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200117–18-2] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 17?18?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200118-3] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 18?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200120-4] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 20?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200120–21-5] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 20?21?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200121-6] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 21?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200121–22-7] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 21?22?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200122–23-8] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 22?23?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200124-9] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 24?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200128-10] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 28?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200129–30-11] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 29?30?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200130-12] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 30?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200132-13] ? ^? Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 32?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200133-14] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 33?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch200140–42-15] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 40?42?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch20012–3-16] Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 2?3?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch20013-17] ? ^? ^? Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 3?

[FOOTNOTEHinnebusch20014-18] ? ^? ^? Hinnebusch 2001 , ??. 4?

[FOOTNOTESeale199072-19] Seale 1990 , ??. 72?

[FOOTNOTESeale199073-20] Seale 1990 , ??. 73?

[FOOTNOTESeale199073–74-21] Seale 1990 , ??. 73?74?

[FOOTNOTESeale199074-22] ? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 74?

[FOOTNOTESeale199075-23] ? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 75?

[FOOTNOTESeale199076-24] ? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 76?

[FOOTNOTESeale199077-25] ? ^? ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 77?

[FOOTNOTESeale199078-26] ? ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 78?

[FOOTNOTESeale1990500-27] ? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 500?

[FOOTNOTESeale199079-29] Seale 1990 , ??. 79?

[FOOTNOTESeale199079–80-30] Seale 1990 , ??. 79?80?

[FOOTNOTEMufti1996152-31] Mufti 1996 , ??. 152?

[32] Rabinovich, pp. 65-67.

[FOOTNOTEMufti1996153-33] Mufti 1996 , ??. 153?

[34] Arab News Agency (1963). Mideast Mirror . p. 8.

[FOOTNOTEMufti1996146-147-35] Mufti 1996 , ??. 146-147?

[MEF-37] Alumni Association of the American University of Beirut (????), Middle East Forum , 39-40, ?????? 7

[FOOTNOTERabinovich197268-69-38] ? ^? Rabinovich 1972 , ??. 68-69?

[FOOTNOTECommins2004122-39] Commins 2004 , ??. 122?

[FOOTNOTEPolitical_Studies_and_Public_Administration_Department_of_the_American_University_of_Beirut1963148-40] Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut 1963 , ??. 148?

[FOOTNOTESeale199083-41] ? ^? ^? ^? Seale 1990 , ??. 83?

[FOOTNOTEMufti1996157-42] ? ^? ^? Mufti 1996 , ??. 157?

[FOOTNOTERabinovich197272-43] ? ^? ^? Rabinovich 1972 , ??. 72?

[44] Chronology of Arab Politics . 1 . Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1963. Page 263. Page. 393.

[45] Chronology of Arab Politics . 2 . Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1964. Page 377. Page 412.

[FOOTNOTEMoubayed200638-46] Moubayed 2006 , ??. 38?

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????-?? ???	???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ? ????-????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? (???????? ????)
????-?? ???	???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? (????) ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????
????-?? ???	????? ???? ????-???????? ???? ????-?? ??-? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ( ?????????? ???????? ????? ????-????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ) ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????-??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??? (????-??) ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ???????? DMZ ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????-?? ??????? ?????????????? "????" ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??'?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???-???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????
????-?? ???	?????? ??????????? ??-??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???-?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????-?????????? ?????? ???????????-?????????? ????? ???-?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???
????-?? ???	????????-????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????-????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????????
????-?? ???	???????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????
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????????? ????	????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????
?????	???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????-???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????-???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????
?????	??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????
????????	??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????/????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????
???????????	?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????
??? ?????	??????????????? ??????-??????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????????? ?.?. ???????? ???????-???????????? ??????? ???????-???????? ????? ???????
??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????

?? ? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????
???? ?? ???	Unification of Saudi Arabia Simko Shikak revolt Egyptian Revolution of 1919 Armenian Genocide (1915-1918) Turkish War of Independence Greco-Turkish War Turkish?Armenian War Franco-Turkish War Revolts Mahmud Barzanji revolts
???? ?? ???	Franco-Syrian War Iraqi revolt against the British Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine Adwan Rebellion Arab separatism in Khuzestan Great Syrian Revolt ??? ???? ??????? 1929 Palestine riots
???? ?? ???	Ararat rebellion Ahmed Barzani revolt Simele massacre Saudi?Yemeni War Goharshad Mosque rebellion 1935?36 Iraqi Shia revolts 1935 Yazidi revolt Dersim Rebellion Middle East Theatre of World War II
???? ?? ???	1943 Barzani revolt Egyptian Student Riots Alwaziri coup Al-Wathbah uprising Kurdish separatism in Iran Iran crisis of 1946 Arab?Israeli conflict ????????-????????? ?????
???? ?? ???	Egyptian Revolution of 1952 1953 Iranian coup d'etat Jebel Akhdar War Cypriot ethnic crisis Yemeni?Adenese clan violence 1958 Lebanon crisis 1958 Iraqi revolution 1959 Mosul uprising
???? ?? ???	Iraqi?Kurdish conflict Dhofar Rebellion North Yemen Civil War White Revolution Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup 8th March Syrian Revolution Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup Aden Emergency 1964 Hama riot 1966 Syrian coup d'etat
???? ?? ???	Black September in Jordan 1972 North Yemen?South Yemen war Turkish invasion of Cyprus Lebanese Civil War Political violence in Turkey (1976?80) Islamist uprising in Syria ????? ?????? Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 1979?1983 Qatif unrest Grand Mosque Seizure
???? ?? ???	Sadr uprising (1980) ????-???? ????? 1980 Turkish coup d'etat Kurdish?Turkish conflict South Yemen Civil War 1986 Egyptian Conscription Riot 1986 Damascus bombings Mecca massacre Abu Nidal's executions
???? ?? ???	????????? ????? 1991 uprisings in Iraq Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) 1994 civil war in Yemen Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000?present) Operation Desert Fox Islamic insurgency in Yemen 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
???? ?? ???	???? ????? Balochi insurgency in Iran 2004 al-Qamishli riots North Yemen insurgency Iran?Israel proxy conflict Fatah?Hamas conflict Nahr al-Bared fighting 2008 conflict in Lebanon South Yemen insurgency 2009?10 Iranian election protests
???? ?? ???	Syrian Civil War Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon Egyptian Crisis Iraqi insurgency
This list includes post- Ottoman conflicts (after 1918) of at least 100 fatalities each Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic