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Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Ha'eelbin
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?????????	Harbin

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哈??市
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	??? ???? ????? ?????? ????: ????? ?????, ???? ??????? ??????????? , ????? ????, ?????? ??? ? ????? ????? , ?????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ???
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? Secretary Municipal Committee of the CPC	??? ????? ( ?海波 , ???????? ???? ????)
? ??????	??? ????? ( 宋希斌 , ????????? ???? ????)
?????
? ????-???? ? ??-????????? ???	??,??? ???????? (??,??? ????????)
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	Data comes from 2010 National Census (urban population data excludes de facto satellite cities Acheng and Shuangcheng)
??????	Harbinite
???? ?????	??? ????????????? ( ??????+??:?? )
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- ??????	8.9%
- per capita	CNY 49,565
?????? (??????)	????
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Climate	Dwa
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?????? ( ?????? ?????? : ; ???? : 哈?? ????? ^ⓘ) ??????? ?????-?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ^[?] ????? ??-????????? ???????? ???????? ^[?] ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????, ????? ???????-?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???; ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????-????? ????? ???????, ????????, ???????, ???????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ^[?]

?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ^[?] ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ^[??]

????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????? ^[??] ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ^[??] ???????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????-??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ^[??] ????-?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??, ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ^[??] ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ^[?]

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ "????????? ?????" ? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?
↑ "Leader Information" (???? ??????)? harbin.gov.cn? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "Survey of the City" ? Basic Facts ? Harbin Municipal Government? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?
↑ ^? ^? Cox, W (????)? Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (??????) ? St. Louis: Demographia? ?????? 24?
↑ 2010年哈??市第六次全?人口普?主要?据公? [Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China] (???? ??????)? National Bureau of Statistics of China ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition ? OECD iLibrary (?????? ??????)? OECD ? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? 37? ???????? 2306-9341 ? ???????? 9789264230033 ? ????? : 10.1787/9789264230040-en ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ? Linked from the OECD here ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ???? ??????
↑ "Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions-Heilongjiang" ? PRC Central Government Official Website? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?
↑ 中央机??制委??印?《?于副省?市若干??的意?》的通知. 中??[1995]5? (???? ??????)? 豆丁?? ????-??-??? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ ^? ^? ^? "Harbin (Heilongjiang) City Information" ? hktdc.com? ?? ???? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?
↑ "Polish Studies in China" ? The Warsaw Voice ? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?
↑ Jianwei, Wabng (? ??????????? ????)? "People enjoy ice sculptures in Harbin" ? English.news.cn? Xinhua? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?
↑ "Chinese ice sculptures melting" ? BBC ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?
↑ 王欣欣 (?? ???????? ????)? 哈爾濱打造對俄開放中心城市 (???? ??????)? Hong Kong: 香港文匯報 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "China information-Harbin section" ? Kzzi.com/ ? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?

????????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ?????? ?????????
???????????????? ???????????? ??????
????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????

[প্রশাসনিক_বিভাগ-1] "????????? ?????" ? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?

[Leader_Information-2] "Leader Information" (???? ??????)? harbin.gov.cn? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[Survey_of_the_City-3] "Survey of the City" ? Basic Facts ? Harbin Municipal Government? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?

[auto-4] ? ^? Cox, W (????)? Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (??????) ? St. Louis: Demographia? ?????? 24?

[Census2010-5] 2010年哈??市第六次全?人口普?主要?据公? [Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China] (???? ??????)? National Bureau of Statistics of China ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[oecd2015-6] OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition ? OECD iLibrary (?????? ??????)? OECD ? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? 37? ???????? 2306-9341 ? ???????? 9789264230033 ? ????? : 10.1787/9789264230040-en ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ? Linked from the OECD here ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ???? ??????

[7] "Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions-Heilongjiang" ? PRC Central Government Official Website? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?

[8] 中央机??制委??印?《?于副省?市若干??的意?》的通知. 中??[1995]5? (???? ??????)? 豆丁?? ????-??-??? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[hktdc.com_HarbinInfo-9] ? ^? ^? "Harbin (Heilongjiang) City Information" ? hktdc.com? ?? ???? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?

[Polishstudy-10] "Polish Studies in China" ? The Warsaw Voice ? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?

[Xhnet-11] Jianwei, Wabng (? ??????????? ????)? "People enjoy ice sculptures in Harbin" ? English.news.cn? Xinhua? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?

[BBCsculpturemelting-12] "Chinese ice sculptures melting" ? BBC ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?

[wenweipo-13] 王欣欣 (?? ???????? ????)? 哈爾濱打造對俄開放中心城市 (???? ??????)? Hong Kong: 香港文匯報 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[14] "China information-Harbin section" ? Kzzi.com/ ? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?

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