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"The whole of my remaining realizable estate shall be dealt with in the following way:
The capital shall be invested by my executors in safe securities and shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics; one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency; and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity among nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses.
The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical works by the Caroline Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my express wish that in awarding the prizes no consideration whatever shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, so that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be Scandinavian or not."
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[??]
- ↑
"??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? 8 October 2010. Retrieved 6 December 2011."
? ?? ??????? ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ????
?
- ↑
Shalev, Baruch Aba (2005).
100 years of Nobel prizes
- ↑
????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????
3 October 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- ↑
Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin (2001). Nils Ringertz. ed.
????? ????????: ????? ??? ???
- ↑
Golden, Frederic (16 October 2000)
"The Worst And The Brightest"
????????? ??????
??????????
?? ??????? ???? ??????
- ↑
Sohlman, Ragnar (1983). p. 13. The Legacy of Alfred Nobel ? The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes
- ↑
Sohlman, Ragnar (1983). p. 7. The Legacy of Alfred Nobel ? The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes
- ↑
von Euler, U. S. (6 June 1981).
"The Nobel Foundation and its Role for Modern Day Science"
????????? ??????
??????????
?? ????? ???? ??????
- ↑
?
?
a b AFP (5 October 2009).
"Alfred Nobel's last will and testament".
The Local. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
- ↑
Abrams, Irwin (2001) p.7. The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates. Watson Publishing International
- ↑
?
?
Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin (2001) pp. 13?25.. Nils Ringertz. ed. The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years
- ↑
Abrams, Irwin (2001). pp. 7?8. Abrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates. Watson Publishing International.
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?-?????-???-?
- ↑
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??????? ??????? ???
, ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????, ??????????? ??, ????
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? ???????? ????? July 30
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[
??????????? ???????? ?????
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"
"
Nobel Prize in Economic Science Awarded to Oliver E. Williamson
"
"
? ?? ??????? ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????
?
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????? ?????????
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????????? ??????
??????????
?? ??????? ???? ??????
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"
"
? ?? ?????? ???? ??????
???
???? ??????? ???
? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????
?
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????? ??? ???????? ?????????
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