?????

????? , ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???, ^[?] ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ^[?] ??????? ?????? ?,??,??? ????????? (?,??,??? ??) ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???, ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????-???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???, ??? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ^[?]^[?] ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? (???? ?????, ??????? , ????????) ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????, ??????-??????????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?-?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????

????????? ???? ???????? ???????, ??% ????? ???????? ??? ???? (?? ????) ?? ????? ??? ???? ^[?] ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????, ????? ??????????? ????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????????, ???????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? (?????????, ??????????, ??? ??????) ? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????????, ?????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????, ???????? (???? ????????) ? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????

??????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? , ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ^[?] ???????? ???????? ??????, ???? ????????? ????, ????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ^[?] ??????? ????????, ???????? ?????, ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? (????? ??? ???????????? ) ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???, ?????????????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? "???? ???? ???????" ? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ^[?] ???????, ??????? ????-???? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ^[?]

?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???, ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??; ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ???? ^[?] ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? (????, ?????????????? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????, ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ) ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???, ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ????????, ???? ????? , ?????? (?????? ?????) ??? ???? (??? ???) ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

???? ???????? ???
???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????
???????? ???????? ????????
???????????? ???
??? ??????
?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????
????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ "Coast" ? The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ???????)? ????? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Merriam-Webster ?
↑ Ecological Connectivity among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems (?????? ??????)? Springer Netherlands? ????? ???????? 978-90-481-2405-3 ? ????? : 10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0 ?
↑ Nagelkerken, I.; Blaber, S.J.M. (????)? "The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review" (?????? ??????): 155?185? ????? : 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.007 ?
↑ "UN Atlas" ? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?
↑ ^? ^? "Climate change and the coasts ≪ World Ocean Review" (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ( A/RES/71/313 )
↑ Waltham, Nathan J.; Elliott, Michael (????)? "UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021?2030?What Chance for Success in Restoring Coastal Ecosystems?": 71? ???????? 2296-7745 ? ????? : 10.3389/fmars.2020.00071   ? |hdl-??????= ?? |hdl= ???????? ( ??????? )
↑ Nelson, Stephen A. (????)? "Coastal Zones" ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

????????? [ ???????? ]

??? ??? ???????????? ??????????? - ??????? ??????, ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????

????????:Coastal geography

[1] "Coast" ? The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ???????)? ????? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[2] Merriam-Webster ?

[:1-3] Ecological Connectivity among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems (?????? ??????)? Springer Netherlands? ????? ???????? 978-90-481-2405-3 ? ????? : 10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0 ?

[:4-4] Nagelkerken, I.; Blaber, S.J.M. (????)? "The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review" (?????? ??????): 155?185? ????? : 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.007 ?

[UN_Atlas-5] "UN Atlas" ? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?

[:0-6] ? ^? "Climate change and the coasts ≪ World Ocean Review" (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[:17-7] United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ( A/RES/71/313 )

[:3-8] Waltham, Nathan J.; Elliott, Michael (????)? "UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021?2030?What Chance for Success in Restoring Coastal Ecosystems?": 71? ???????? 2296-7745 ? ????? : 10.3389/fmars.2020.00071   ? |hdl-??????= ?? |hdl= ???????? ( ??????? )

[9] Nelson, Stephen A. (????)? "Coastal Zones" ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]