?????????

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*?????????*
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?????? ????????? ?? ?????????
	???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????
	OpenStreetMap
	????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????
	Coordinates: 41°00′49″N 28°57′18″E ? / ? 41.01361°N 28.95500°E ?????????? : 41°00′49″N 28°57′18″E ? / ? 41.01361°N 28.95500°E
???	??????
???????	?????
?????????	?????????
????????? ???	?????????, ???
????	39
Government
? Type	Mayor?council government
? Body	Municipal Council of Istanbul
? ??????	?????? ????????? (??????)
? ??????	??? ????????
Area
? Urban	2,576.85 ???? 2 (994.93 ???? ???)
? Metro	5,343.22 ???? 2 (2,063.03 ???? ???)
Highest elevation	537 m (1,762 ft)
Population (31 ??????? 2022)
? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????	15,907,951
? Rank	???????? ??? ????? ; ????? ??? ?????
? Urban	15,569,856
? Urban density	6,042/???? 2 (15,650/???? ???)
? Metro density	2,977/???? 2 (7,710/???? ???)
Demonyms	Istanbulite ; ( ?????? : ?stanbullu )
Time zone	UTC+3 ( TRT )
Postal code	34000 to 34990
Area codes	+90 212 (European side) ; +90 216 (Asian side)
Vehicle registration	34
GDP (Nominal)	2021
- Total	US$ 248 billion
- Per capita	US$ 15,666
HDI (2019)	0.846 ( very high ) · 1st
GeoTLD	.ist , .istanbul
Website	ibb .istanbul (?????? ???) ; www .istanbul .gov .tr (?????? ???) ;
???????? ????? ????? ????
??????? ????	Historic Areas of Istanbul
??????	Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)
??????	356bis
????????????	1985 (9??? ???? )
??????????	2017
???? (?????)	765.5 ?? (1,892 ????)

????????? ??? ?????????? (????????: Istanbul; ?????? : ?stanbul [is?tanbu?] ( ???? ??? ) ) ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ? ?? ?? ? ????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ^[7]??? ???????? 144 ??? ?? ? ? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ^[4] ??? ?? ??? ????????? 5,343 ???? ???????? (2,063 ???? ???) ^{[??? 2]} ???? ? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????

??? [ ?????? ???? ]

↑ Where governor's office is located.
↑ Sources have provided conflicting figures on the area of Istanbul. The most authoritative source on this figure ought to be the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), but the English version of its website suggests a few figures for this area. One page states that "Each MM is sub-divided into District Municipalities ("DM") of which there are 27 in Istanbul " [emphasis added] with a total area of 1,538.9 ???? ???????? (594.2 ???? ???). ^[8] However, the Municipal History page appears to be the most explicit and most updated, saying that in 2004, "Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality's jurisdiction was enlarged to cover all the area within the provincial limits". It also states a 2008 law merged the Eminonu district into the Fatih district (a point that is not reflected in the previous source) and increased the number of districts in Istanbul to 39. ^[9] That total area, as corroborated on the Turkish version of the MMI website, ^[10] and a recently updated Jurisdiction page on the English site ^[11] is 5,343 ???? ???????? (2,063 ???? ???).

?????? [ ?????? ???? ]

↑ "YETK? ALANI" . Istanbul Buyuksehir Belediyesi. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020 . Retrieved 4 February 2020 .
↑ ?stanbul Province = 5,460.85 km ²
Land area = 5,343.22 km ²
Lake/Dam = 117.63 km ²
Europe (25 districts) = 3,474.35 km ²
Asia (14 districts) = 1,868.87 km ²
Urban (36 districts) = 2,576.85 km ² [Metro (39 districts) ? (Catalca+Silivri+?ile)]
* According to the size of the population and the status of megacity, the limits of the Istanbul city correspond to the limits of the province, and the province is treated like as the metropolitan-city of Istanbul.
↑ "?stanbul'un En Yuksek Tepeleri" . Hava Forumu . Hava Durumu Forumu. 15 April 2020.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2022" . ???????? ????????? ???????. 31 ??????? 2022 . Retrieved 13 ?? 2023 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )
↑ "Ki?i ba?ına GSYH ($) (2021)" . Turkish Statistical Institute . Retrieved 30 January 2021 .
↑ "Sub-national HDI ? Area Database ? Global Data Lab" . hdi.globaldatalab.org .
↑ WCTR Society; Un?yu Seisaku Kenky? Kik? 2004 , p. 281
↑ "Districts" . Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . Retrieved 21 ?????? 2011 .
↑ "History of Local Governance in Istanbul" . Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . Retrieved 21 ?????? 2011 .
↑ "?stanbul ?l ve ?lce Alan Bilgileri" [Istanbul Province and District Area Information] (Turkish ???). Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . Retrieved 20 June 2010 .
↑ "Jurisdiction" . Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . Retrieved 21 ?????? 2011 .

?????? ????? [ ?????? ???? ]

[1] Where governor's office is located.

[city-area-13] Sources have provided conflicting figures on the area of Istanbul. The most authoritative source on this figure ought to be the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), but the English version of its website suggests a few figures for this area. One page states that "Each MM is sub-divided into District Municipalities ("DM") of which there are 27 in Istanbul " [emphasis added] with a total area of 1,538.9 ???? ???????? (594.2 ???? ???). ^[8] However, the Municipal History page appears to be the most explicit and most updated, saying that in 2004, "Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality's jurisdiction was enlarged to cover all the area within the provincial limits". It also states a 2008 law merged the Eminonu district into the Fatih district (a point that is not reflected in the previous source) and increased the number of districts in Istanbul to 39. ^[9] That total area, as corroborated on the Turkish version of the MMI website, ^[10] and a recently updated Jurisdiction page on the English site ^[11] is 5,343 ???? ???????? (2,063 ???? ???).

[2] "YETK? ALANI" . Istanbul Buyuksehir Belediyesi. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020 . Retrieved 4 February 2020 .

[3] ?stanbul Province = 5,460.85 km ²
Land area = 5,343.22 km ²
Lake/Dam = 117.63 km ²
Europe (25 districts) = 3,474.35 km ²
Asia (14 districts) = 1,868.87 km ²
Urban (36 districts) = 2,576.85 km ² [Metro (39 districts) ? (Catalca+Silivri+?ile)]
* According to the size of the population and the status of megacity, the limits of the Istanbul city correspond to the limits of the province, and the province is treated like as the metropolitan-city of Istanbul.

[4] "?stanbul'un En Yuksek Tepeleri" . Hava Forumu . Hava Durumu Forumu. 15 April 2020.

[Population_of_Turkey-5] 4.0 ^4.1 "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2022" . ???????? ????????? ???????. 31 ??????? 2022 . Retrieved 13 ?? 2023 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )

[6] "Ki?i ba?ına GSYH ($) (2021)" . Turkish Statistical Institute . Retrieved 30 January 2021 .

[7] "Sub-national HDI ? Area Database ? Global Data Lab" . hdi.globaldatalab.org .

[wctr281-8] WCTR Society; Un?yu Seisaku Kenky? Kik? 2004 , p. 281

[mmi-districts-9] "Districts" . Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . Retrieved 21 ?????? 2011 .

[mmi-history-10] "History of Local Governance in Istanbul" . Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . Retrieved 21 ?????? 2011 .

[11] "?stanbul ?l ve ?lce Alan Bilgileri" [Istanbul Province and District Area Information] (Turkish ???). Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . Retrieved 20 June 2010 .

[mmi-jurisdiction-12] "Jurisdiction" . Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . Retrieved 21 ?????? 2011 .

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