??????

?????? ?????????
*Republica de Panama*
?????? ????????? Republica de Panama
	?????? ???? ?????
	?????: "Pro Mundi Beneficio" ; "????? ?????? ?????"
	???? ????: Himno Istmeno ( ???????? )
??????	?????? ????
???? ?????	?????? ????
????? ???????	65% ?????? ; 12.3% Native American ; 9.2% Afro-Panamanian ; 6.8% Mulatto ; 6.7% White ;
??????(??)	Panamanian
?????	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
? President	Juan Carlos Varela
? Vice President	Isabel Saint Malo
????? ??????	National Assembly
Independence
? from ????????	November 28, 1821
? from ????????	November 3, 1903
?????
? ????	??? ??????????:Convert-?? 1851-??/?? ??????: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). ( 118th )
? ?? (%)	2.9
?????
? July 2014 est. census	3,608,431
? ???????	??? ??????????:Convert-?? 1851-??/?? ??????: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). ( 156th )
???????? ( PPP )	2015 ??????
? ????	$83.421 billion
? ?????????	$21,634
???????? (??????)	2015 ??????
? ????	$49.142 billion
? ?????????	$12,744
???? (2012)	51.9 ; ??????
???????? (2013)	0.765 ; ?????? · 65th
??? ??????	Balboa ; ?????? ?????? ; ( PAB, USD )
??? ????????	UTC ?5 ( EST )
????????? ????	right
?????? ????	+507
???? ???? ????	PA
??????? ????????	.pa

?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? . ??????? ?????????? ???.

?????????? [ ???????? ]

^ archive copy . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2018-12-25. ???????????2015-10-09.
^ The World Factbook . ????????? ???? ???????? on 2018-12-25. ???????????October 25, 2014.
^ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? World Economic Outlook Database: Panama . International Monetary Fund (October 2014). ???????????3 January 2015.
^ Gini Index . World Bank. ???????????January 3, 2015.
^ 2014 Human Development Report Summary 21?25. United Nations Development Programme (2014). ???????????27 July 2014.
^ Central Intelligence Agency - CIA - The World Factbook