??????????

?????????? , ^{[lower-alpha 1]} ???????????????? ?????? , ?????-?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ^[1] ?????????? ????? ????????? ???? ; ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??????????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ^[2] ????? ?????? ???? ??????? , ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????

??????????? ??????? ???? ?'? "????? ???"; ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??-???????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??% ???????????? ??? ???????? ^[3] ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????, ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????, ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ^[4] ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ????????, ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???, ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ???; ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ^[5] ?? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ^[6]^[7]

??.? ??????? ???? ??????????, ?????? ??? ??,??? ????????? ??????? (??,??? ????????) ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??,??? ????????? ??????? (??,??? ????????)??????????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???, ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? (?,??? ??/????????)? ?????? ????? ????? ????, ???? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ^[8]^[9]^[10] ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????, ???????, ??? ??? ????????? ^[11] ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ^[12]

???? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? (???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???) ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???, ???????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ^[13] ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????, ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ^[14] ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ^[15] ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???, ???????, ????, ???? , ?'?????, ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ???? ???? ^[16]

??????? ??????: <ref> ????????? "lower-alpha" ???? ??? ???? ???? ???, ?????? ??? <references group="lower-alpha"/> ????? ???? ??'?

↑ "Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden [Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]" (nl ?????). Government of the Netherlands. 17 November 2017 . https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002154/2017-11-17 ? ???? ??? ????: 11 July 2020 .
↑ "Netherlands boundaries in the North Sea" . Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083824/http://www.defensie.nl/english/topics/hydrography/contents/maritime-zones-and-boundaries/netherlands-boundaries-in-the-north-sea ? ???? ??? ????: 15 August 2014 .
↑ Schiermeier, Quirin (5 July 2010). "Few fishy facts found in climate report". Nature ???? 466 (170): 170. doi : 10.1038/466170a . PMID 20613812 .
↑ How it Works: Science and Technology . Marshall Cavendish. 2003. ??????. 1208 . ISBN 978-0-7614-7323-7 . https://archive.org/details/howitworks09mars .
↑ "Netherlands ? Dutch civilization in the Golden Age (1609?1713)" . Encyclopedia Britannica (in ??????) . Retrieved 10 November 2021 .
↑ "Dutch Republic | History & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica (in ??????) . Retrieved 10 November 2021 .
↑ "History of the Dutch Empire" . historyworld.net . http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=aa61 ? ???? ??? ????: 10 November 2021 .
↑ (en ?????). https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2022/netherlands-agriculture-technology/ .
↑ (RVO), Netherlands Enterprise Agency (17 July 2015). "Agriculture and food" . hollandtrade.com . Archived from the original on 1 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160101082732/http://www.hollandtrade.com/sector-information/agriculture-and-food/?bstnum=4909 ? ???? ??? ????: 26 August 2016 .
↑ "How the Netherlands Feeds the World" . National Geographic Society . September 2017 . https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/holland-agriculture-sustainable-farming ? ???? ??? ????: 15 January 2020 .
↑ "Gemeentegrootte en stedelijkheid" (nl ?????). CBS . https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/onze-diensten/methoden/classificaties/overig/gemeentegrootte-en-stedelijkheid ? ???? ??? ????: 16 December 2019 .
↑ Dutch Wikisource. "Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden [Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]" (nl ?????). Chapter 2, Article 32 . http://nl.wikisource.org/wiki/Grondwet_voor_het_Koninkrijk_der_Nederlanden ? ???? ??? ????: 3 July 2013 . "... de hoofdstad Amsterdam ..."
↑ "Same-Sex Marriage Legalized in Amsterdam" . CNN . 1 April 2001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221411/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0104/01/sm.10.html .
↑ Permanent Mission of the Netherlands to the UN. "General Information" . Archived from the original on 5 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131005025411/http://netherlandsmission.org/article.asp?articleref=AR00000154EN&categoryvalue=netherlands&subcategoryvalue=nlgeneralinfo ? ???? ??? ????: 26 June 2013 .
↑ "Rotterdam: the largest freight port in the EU" . European Commission. 2 April 2020 . https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20200402-2 ? ???? ??? ????: 25 November 2021 .
↑ van Krieken, Peter J.; David McKay (2005). The Hague: Legal Capital of the World . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-90-6704-185-0 . https://archive.org/details/haguelegalcapita0000unse .

[2] "Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden [Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]" (nl ?????). Government of the Netherlands. 17 November 2017 . https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002154/2017-11-17 ? ???? ??? ????: 11 July 2020 .

[3] "Netherlands boundaries in the North Sea" . Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083824/http://www.defensie.nl/english/topics/hydrography/contents/maritime-zones-and-boundaries/netherlands-boundaries-in-the-north-sea ? ???? ??? ????: 15 August 2014 .

[:1-4] Schiermeier, Quirin (5 July 2010). "Few fishy facts found in climate report". Nature ???? 466 (170): 170. doi : 10.1038/466170a . PMID 20613812 .

[Cavendish_2003-5] How it Works: Science and Technology . Marshall Cavendish. 2003. ??????. 1208 . ISBN 978-0-7614-7323-7 . https://archive.org/details/howitworks09mars .

[6] "Netherlands ? Dutch civilization in the Golden Age (1609?1713)" . Encyclopedia Britannica (in ??????) . Retrieved 10 November 2021 .

[7] "Dutch Republic | History & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica (in ??????) . Retrieved 10 November 2021 .

[8] "History of the Dutch Empire" . historyworld.net . http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=aa61 ? ???? ??? ????: 10 November 2021 .

[9] (en ?????). https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2022/netherlands-agriculture-technology/ .

[hollandtrade.com-10] (RVO), Netherlands Enterprise Agency (17 July 2015). "Agriculture and food" . hollandtrade.com . Archived from the original on 1 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160101082732/http://www.hollandtrade.com/sector-information/agriculture-and-food/?bstnum=4909 ? ???? ??? ????: 26 August 2016 .

[nationalgeographic.com-11] "How the Netherlands Feeds the World" . National Geographic Society . September 2017 . https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/holland-agriculture-sustainable-farming ? ???? ??? ????: 15 January 2020 .

[12] "Gemeentegrootte en stedelijkheid" (nl ?????). CBS . https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/onze-diensten/methoden/classificaties/overig/gemeentegrootte-en-stedelijkheid ? ???? ??? ????: 16 December 2019 .

[13] Dutch Wikisource. "Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden [Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]" (nl ?????). Chapter 2, Article 32 . http://nl.wikisource.org/wiki/Grondwet_voor_het_Koninkrijk_der_Nederlanden ? ???? ??? ????: 3 July 2013 . "... de hoofdstad Amsterdam ..."

[14] "Same-Sex Marriage Legalized in Amsterdam" . CNN . 1 April 2001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221411/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0104/01/sm.10.html .

[15] Permanent Mission of the Netherlands to the UN. "General Information" . Archived from the original on 5 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131005025411/http://netherlandsmission.org/article.asp?articleref=AR00000154EN&categoryvalue=netherlands&subcategoryvalue=nlgeneralinfo ? ???? ??? ????: 26 June 2013 .

[Ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20200402-2_2021-11-25-16] "Rotterdam: the largest freight port in the EU" . European Commission. 2 April 2020 . https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20200402-2 ? ???? ??? ????: 25 November 2021 .

[17] van Krieken, Peter J.; David McKay (2005). The Hague: Legal Capital of the World . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-90-6704-185-0 . https://archive.org/details/haguelegalcapita0000unse .

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