????

?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? , ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ^[1]

?????? (quantity), ??? (structure), ???????? (change) ??? ????? (space)-?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?'? " ????? (figure) ??? ??????? (number) ??????", ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? (formal) ????????? ??? ???? ?'? ????????????? (logic) ??? ????? ??????-???????? (notation) ??????? ??? ?????????? -???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? (axiomatically defined abstract structures) ??????, ?????? ???? ?'? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?'? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????????? (realistic) ?????????? ??? ???? ?'? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ???? ????????????? (reasoning) ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????, ??? ??????????? ??? ?'? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???; ????? ????? "???????? ????", "?????? ????" ??? "????? ???????? ????" ???? ???? ????

????? ?????? [ ???????? ??? ]

?????? "mathematics" ?????? Greek: μ?θημα (math?ma "knowledge, study, learning") ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? "???????, ?????, ?? ??????"; μαθηματικ?? (???????????)-? ???? "???????????"? ???????? "mathematics" ?? ???? ???? ?'?? ??????, ?????, ????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????

?????? ??? ????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? ??????? ???? [ ???????? ??? ]

?? ??????? ????? ?'? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????,?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????

??????? ??????? ???? [ ???????? ??? ]

????? ????? ????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???? [ ???????? ??? ]

?????? (??????: Number): ?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?

????? ?????? ??????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

?????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??? [ ???????? ??? ]

=== ?

===

???????? [ ???????? ??? ]

?????? ??? ?????? [ ???????? ??? ]

????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

↑ No likeness or description of Euclid's physical appearance made during his lifetime survived antiquity. Therefore, Euclid's depiction in works of art depends on the artist's imagination ( see Euclid ).

????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

Mathematics ? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????:
	?????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???
	????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???
	??????? ??? ????????????? ???
	???? ??? ????????? ???
	????? ???????'?? ???
	????? ????? ?????'???? ???
	????????? ??????????? ???

????:WVS

Free Mathematics books Free Mathematics books collection.
Applications of High School Algebra Archived 2021-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
Encyclopaedia of Mathematics online encyclopadia from Springer , Graduate-level reference work with over 8,000 entries, illuminating nearly 50,000 notions in mathematics.
HyperMath site at Georgia State University
FreeScience Library The mathematics section of FreeScience library
Rusin, Dave: The Mathematical Atlas Archived 2004-04-03 at the Wayback Machine . A guided tour through the various branches of modern mathematics. (Can also be found here Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine .)
Polyanin, Andrei: EqWorld: The World of Mathematical Equations . An online resource focusing on algebraic, ordinary differential, partial differential ( mathematical physics ), integral, and other mathematical equations.
Cain, George: Online Mathematics Textbooks available free online.
Tricki , Wiki-style site that is intended to develop into a large store of useful mathematical problem-solving techniques.
Mathematical Structures Archived 2009-11-25 at the Wayback Machine , list information about classes of mathematical structures.
Math & Logic: The history of formal mathematical, logical, linguistic and methodological ideas. In The Dictionary of the History of Ideas.
Mathematician Biographies . The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive Extensive history and quotes from all famous mathematicians.
Metamath . A site and a language, that formalize mathematics from its foundations.
Nrich , a prize-winning site for students from age five from Cambridge University
Open Problem Garden , a wiki of open problems in mathematics
Planet Math . An online mathematics encyclopedia under construction, focusing on modern mathematics. Uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license, allowing article exchange with Wikipedia. Uses TeX markup.
Some mathematics applets, at MIT
Weisstein, Eric et al.: MathWorld: World of Mathematics . An online encyclopedia of mathematics.
Patrick Jones' Video Tutorials on Mathematics
Matematik Ozel Ders Ankara Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback Machine

[1] No likeness or description of Euclid's physical appearance made during his lifetime survived antiquity. Therefore, Euclid's depiction in works of art depends on the artist's imagination ( see Euclid ).

[1]