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????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ,  ????? ?????? ??????? (???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?????????? : Video game), ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? , ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????????, ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????????? . [1] [1] [2] ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? (?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????).

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????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? (???????), ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????:

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  • ??????? : ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????.
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  • ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? : ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????.
  • ??????? : ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? (????????) ????? ?????? ?? ??????.

?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? "?????????" ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? (???? ??????), ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? 1 ????? ????? ?????? ??? 20 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.

????? ?????? ????? ??? [ ????? ]

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  • ????? ????? ???????? ?????? (Consoles) :
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  • ?????????? ????? (PC) :
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  • ????? ?????????? :
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  • ???? ?????????  :
?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????.

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

??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? Computer Space ??? 1971. ??? 1972? ???? ???? Pong ??????? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ? Magnavox Odyssey . ??? ??????? ????? ???? "????? ??????" ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? 1983 ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ????. ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? " AAA "?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? (?? " ??????? ???????? ") ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????. ? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? . ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? .

?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????. As of 2020 ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? US$159 billion ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ? ?? ???? 3 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ? 4 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? 2019? [3] ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????.

???? [ ????? ]

????? ?????? (1958)? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????

?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ???? 1947 - ?? ????? " ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? " ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? 25 ????? 1947? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? 14 ?????? 1948? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? 2455992. ? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????. [4] ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? 1951? OXO ? ???? ??????? tic-tac-toe ?????? Alexander S. Douglas ?? EDSAC ??? 1952? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? 1958? ???? ??????! ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? DEC PDP-1 ??? 1961. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????: ??? NIMROD ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? Nim ? [5] ????? OXO ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? tic-tac-toe? [6] ????? ???? Tennis for Two ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? [4] ???? ??????! ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? DEC PDP-1 ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????.

??????????? ??????? [ ????? ]

? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????. ? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????.   [ ????? ] ??? ?? ?????? "??????? ?????????" ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????. [7]

?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????. [8] ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????.  [ ????? ????? ] ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 2018 ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????. [9] ????? ?????? ?????? ??? 2019 ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???. [10]

??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???? ( ????? ???????? ??????????? )

??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? D-Lux ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? . ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 2020 ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???? ??? 3274 ???? ? ?????? ??? ?? 18 ??? ? ??? ????? Animal Crossing: New Horizons ? Plants vs Zombies: Battle for Neighborville ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? "????????". ? ??? 2020 ???? ? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? - "?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????" - ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? 18 ?55 ??? .

???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? 2018 ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? 1000 ????? ??? 55% ???? "??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????... ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????".

???????? [ ????? ]

?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? .

????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????????. [11] ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? 1999 ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????. ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????.  [ ????? ????? ] ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ? ? ??? ????? ????? ???????? "?????? ???????" ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? . ??? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? [12] ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????. [13] [14] ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??. ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? . ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? 1993 ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ESRB? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? Grand Theft Auto III ? Manhunt ?? ??? 2003 ???? 2007? ?????? ?? ????? " No Russian " ?? Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 ??? 2009 ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????????. ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? Gamergate ??? 2014 ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? LGBTQ + ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???. ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? " ??? ?????? "? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????.

????? ?????? [ ????? ]

?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????. ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? US$100,000 As of 2020 . ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????.

??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ? [15] ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????. [16] ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? [17] ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. [18] [19] ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?????????. [20] ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????. [21] ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? The Strong in Rochester? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? 5,000 square feet (460 m 2 ) ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???. [22] [23] ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? 3 ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????: ??? ??? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? . [24] ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 20 ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? 2012. [25] [26] ??? 2012? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? " ?? ????? ??? ". [27] ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???.

?? ???? [ ????? ]

??????? [ ????? ]

  1. ↑ "Videogame" may also be used, though this is less frequent.
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??:

????? [ ????? ]

  1. ↑ ? ? {{ cite web }} : Empty citation ( help )
  2. ↑ "Definition of Serious games Adobe.com August 2007
  3. ↑ Hall, Stefan (15 May 2020). "How COVID-19 is taking gaming and esports to the next level" . World Economic Forum . Archived from the original on 5 May 2021 . Retrieved 5 May 2021 .
  4. ↑ ? ? "Welcome to Pong-Story ? Introduction" . Pong-Story. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010 . Retrieved 24 October 2007 .
  5. ↑ "Welcome to... NIMROD!" . goodeveca.net . Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2007 .
  6. ↑ Winter, David. "A.S.Douglas' 1952 Noughts and Crosses game" . PONG-Story. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015 . Retrieved 3 July 2009 .
  7. ↑ Glazer, S. (2006). "Video games". CQ Researcher . 16 : 937?960. cqresrre2006111000.
  8. ↑ Green, C. Shawn ; Bavelier, Daphne (2003). "Action video game modifies visual selective attention" . Nature . 423 (6939): 534?537. Bibcode : 2003Natur.423..534G . doi : 10.1038/nature01647 . PMID   12774121 . Green & Bavelier. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020 . Retrieved 13 September 2020 .
  9. ↑ Pallavicini, Federica; Ferrari, Ambra; Mantovani, Fabrizia (2018-11-07). "Video Games for Well-Being: A Systematic Review on the Application of Computer Games for Cognitive and Emotional Training in the Adult Population" . Frontiers in Psychology . 9 : 2127. doi : 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02127 . ISSN   1664-1078 . PMC   6234876 . PMID   30464753 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link )
  10. ↑ Brilliant T., Denilson; Nouchi, Rui; Kawashima, Ryuta (2019-09-25). "Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review" . Brain Sciences . 9 (10): 251. doi : 10.3390/brainsci9100251 . ISSN   2076-3425 . PMC   6826942 . PMID   31557907 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link )
  11. ↑ "A Timeline of Video Game Controversies" . National Coalition Against Censorship (in ?????????? ?????????) . Retrieved 2023-06-28 .
  12. ↑ Draper, Kevin (5 August 2019). "Video Games Aren't Why Shootings Happen. Politicians Still Blame Them" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 26 April 2020 . Retrieved 22 August 2019 .
  13. ↑ Barrus, Michael M.; Winstanley, Catharine A. (20 January 2016). "Dopamine D3 Receptors Modulate the Ability of Win-Paired Cues to Increase Risky Choice in a Rat Gambling Task" . The Journal of Neuroscience . 36 (3): 785?794. doi : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2225-15.2016 . PMC   6602008 . PMID   26791209 .
  14. ↑ Kim, Joseph (23 March 2014). "The Compulsion Loop Explained" . Gamasutra . Archived from the original on 14 August 2020 . Retrieved 3 February 2020 .
  15. ↑ "National Videogame Museum" . nvmusa.org. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017.
  16. ↑ "National Videogame Museum opens in Frisco" . Fox4news.com . 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017.
  17. ↑ "Computerspielemuseum ? Berlin" . Computerspielemuseum.de. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011.
  18. ↑ "Museum of Soviet arcade machines" . 15kop.ru. Archived from the original on 28 January 2010.
  19. ↑ "Red Penguin: Review of the Museum of Soviet arcade machines" . redpenguin.net. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013 . Retrieved 1 June 2013 .
  20. ↑ "About The MADE" . themade.org. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013.
  21. ↑ "ViGaMus" . vigamus.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012.
  22. ↑ Jacobs, Stephen (22 November 2010). "Strong's eGameRevolution Exhibit Gives Game History Its First Permanent Home" . Gamasutra . Archived from the original on 12 May 2013 . Retrieved 26 May 2013 .
  23. ↑ "eGameRevolution" . International Center for the History of Electronic Games. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013 . Retrieved 26 May 2013 .
  24. ↑ "History of Computing: Video games ? Golden Age" . thocp.net . Archived from the original on 26 December 2011.
  25. ↑ Anttonelli, Paola (29 November 2012). "Video Games: 14 in the Collection, for Starters" . MoMA . Archived from the original on 8 September 2015.
  26. ↑ Galloway, Paul (23 June 2013). "Video Games: Seven More Building Blocks in MoMA's Collection" . MoMA . Archived from the original on 8 September 2015.
  27. ↑ "Exhibitions: The Art of Video Games" . Americanart.si.edu. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011 . Retrieved 8 July 2012 .
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