??? 1890

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
??? 1890
??????? ????
??? ??
??????
??? 1890 عدل القيمة على Wikidata
????? ?????? ??? ?????
عدل القيمة على Wikidata
???? ??? ?? ?????
??? 1880 عدل القيمة على Wikidata
??? 1900 عدل القيمة على Wikidata

????? - ????? ????? - ????? ???? ?????? حول القالب

?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????: ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1892. ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1898? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ; ???????? ??????? ???? 20 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ?? 1893? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? 1890; ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????.

??? 1890 ??? ?? 1 ????? 1890? ?????? ?? 31 ?????? 1899?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ≪??? ?????≫ [1] -??? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? - ?????? ????? ???? ≪??????????? ???????≫? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? 1893 ? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????.

?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ?????????.

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  • ? 1890: ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? . ?? 29 ?????? 1890 365 ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ( ?????? ) ????????? ????? (??????) ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????. [2] ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? . ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????. [2] ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? 146 ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. [3] ?????? ?? ????? 150 ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? . ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? . [4]
  • 1891: ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????. [5]
  • 1892: ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? . ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? 1892? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? . ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? (????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????) ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? (NWFSGA). ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? NWFSGAA ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? NWFSGA ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??? NWFSGA ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? 1892?. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? (??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? (???????) ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? [6] ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? WJ ????? ???????? ??? WC ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????. [7] [8] ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ≪?????? ?????≫? ??? ?. ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????.
  • 1893 - 1894: ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? . ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? 1893. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? 1906 ?? ??? ???????? ???????? (??? ??????) ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????. [9] [10]
  • 1893-1894: ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? 1893. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ≪???? ????????≫? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ???????? ≪??????? ?????? ???≫? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ?? ?????? 1894 ??? ???? ?????. [11] [12]
  • 1893-1897: ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 30,000 ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? 1897? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? . ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ≪????? ????????≫. ?? ????? 1895? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ≪??? ??????? ?? ?????≫ ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ?? ????? 1869? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ?????? 1897? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????. ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. [13]
  • 1894: ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? 1894 ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????. ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? . ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???. ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? . ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????. [14]
  • 1895: ????????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? 1887 ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? . [15] [16] ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? 28/29 ????? (10/11 ????? ???? ???????? ??????????) ?? ????? 1895? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? 4,000  ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. [17] [18]
  • 1896-1898: ?????? ????????? . ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????? . ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? 1896? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????. ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? . ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? . ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? 1897? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????. [19] ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? . ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? . ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????. ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 1898? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????.
  • 1897: ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??19 ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? 1897. [20] [21] ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? . ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. [22] ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? . [23]
  • 1898: ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ??????? . ?? 5 ???? 1898? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????????. ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? . ????? ???????? ??? ???? 118 ????? ?450 ?????. ?????? ???????? ?? ???? 400 ??? ?????? ???? ?? 000 2 ???. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. [24] [25]
  • 1898: ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? - ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????.
  • 1898: ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? . ?? ?????? ?? ????? 1898 ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ?? 22 ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????????. ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? 1898? ??? 80 ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? (???? ?????). ?????? ???? ???? ?? 19 ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????. ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?16 ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? . ???? ????? ???? ≪??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????≫. [26] [27] [28]

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