?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
????? ?????
(
???????????
:
Stephen Spender
)? (
1909
-
1995
)? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ??
????
???
28 ??????
1909
????? ?????? ??
????????
?????? ???
????? ????? ????????
(
??????????? Auden Group
)
???? ???? ???
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.
???? ?????? ??? ???? ??
????? ??????? ?????????
???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ≪?????≫ ????
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. ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ≪?????????≫ ???? ??? ????? ??? ????
????? ?????????
?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????.
[9]
???? ??
????
???
16 ?????
1995
?? ??? ???? 86 ????.
?? ???????
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???
]
????? ???????
[
???
]
??????? ???????
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????
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?????? ???????
.
[10]
[11]
????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??
????????
?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? (????????)? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ≪???? ???????≫.
[12]
???? ????? ???
????
??????
?? ??? ??? ??? ???
???? ??????? ????????
(??? ??? ??? ??? 1973 ???? ?????? ??????). ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??
?????. ???. ????
? ???? ????? ???
???????? ???????
. ????? ???? ???? ?? ????
?????
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 1929 ????? ???
???????
. ???? ??????? ?????? ???
?????
. ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????.
???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????:
???? ??????
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??????? ??????
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??????? ????
.
?????
[
???
]
??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? 1929? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? 1988? ??? ?????
?? ?????
. ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???
???????
???? ????? ?????? ???? ??
????? ???????
-?? ???? ???
???????? ??? ??????
- ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1988:
?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????... ??? ??? 1929 ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????-
??????? ??????
. ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????...
[13]
??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?. ?. ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?. ?. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? & ????? 1933.
[14]
?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????
?????
(1933)? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????. ?? ????? ????? ??
?????
? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
??????? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ?????
(1934)? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????
??????? 1934
??????????? ??????????
? ???
?????? ??? ? ?????
[15]
(1938)? ??? ??? ?????
????? ???????
.
?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
????? (???????)
????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????: ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??. ?. ?????. ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????.
[16]
????? ??????
[
???
]
???????
[
???
]
- ^
?
?
Encyclopædia Britannica | Sir Stephen Spender
(???????????),
QID
:
Q5375741
- ^
?
?
Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Stephen Harold Spender
(??????????),
QID
:
Q237227
- ^
?
?
Gran Enciclopedia Catalana | Stephen Spender
(???????????), Grup Enciclopedia,
QID
:
Q2664168
- ^
?
?
?
?
Archivio Storico Ricordi
?
QID
:
Q3621644
- ^
?
?
?
????? ?????? ???????
?
QID
:
Q10855166
- ^
https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/judges/stephen-spender
.
- ^
Who's who
(??????????? ?????????? ???????????), Q3304275,
ISSN
:
0083-937X
,
QID
:
Q2567271
- ^
Marie-Pierre Lannelongue, ed. (14 May 1946),
Le VIIe centenaire de l'universite de Montpellier
(?????????), Paris: Societe editrice du Monde, p. 8,
ISSN
:
0395-2037
,
OCLC
:
1758539
,
QID
:
Q12461
- ^
???? ????? - ????? 226 - ????? 1995
???? ??????
2019-06-24 ??
Wayback Machine
- ^
John Sutherland (6 ????? 2005).
Stephen Spender: A Literary Life
. Oxford University Press, USA. ?.
16
.
ISBN
:
978-0-19-517816-6
. ????? ??
?????
?? 2020-05-11.
- ^
David Leeming (1 ????? 2011).
Stephen Spender: A Life in Modernism
. Henry Holt and Company. ?. 19.
ISBN
:
978-1-4299-3974-4
. ????? ??
?????
?? 2020-05-11.
- ^
John Sutherland (6 ????? 2005).
Stephen Spender: A Literary Life
. Oxford University Press, USA. ?.
44
.
ISBN
:
978-0-19-517816-6
. ????? ??
?????
?? 2020-05-11.
- ^
Bozorth? Richard R. (1995).
"But Who Would Get It? Auden and the Codes of Poetry and Desire"
.
ELH
. ?. 62 ?. 3: 709?727.
DOI
:
10.1353/elh.1995.0023
.
- ^
Walsh, Review by John (5 May 2019).
"Faber & Faber by Toby Faber review ? the inside story of Britain's most illustrious publishing house"
(???????????).
ISSN
:
0140-0460
. Archived from
the original
on 2019-12-18
. Retrieved
2019-08-04
.
- ^
"Trial of a Judge: A Tragedy in Five Acts"
.
questia.com
. ????? ??
?????
?? 2010-04-20
. ???? ???? ??????
2015-04-08
.
- ^
Beach, Sylvia (1991).
Shakespeare and Company
(???????????). U of Nebraska Press. p. 211.
ISBN
:
9780803260979
. Archived from
the original
on 2020-05-11.
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