한국   대만   중국   일본 
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????? ????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P17) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? 300 ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? .

??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? 450 ???? ??? ???????. [1] ?? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????. [2] ???? ????? ????????? ??????? 2019 ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?4 ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?5 ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?4 ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?24 ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????. [3]

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???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????. [4]

???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? - ??? ????? 73 ??? ???? - ????? - ??? ????? 20 ??? ??????? - ?????? ????? 30 ??? ????? ?????? - ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? - ??????? ????? ??? - ???????? ????? ?????? - ?????? - ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ? ?????? - ??????.

????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? - ?????? - ????? ???? 40 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? 80 ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? - ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???????. [5]

?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 1371??-?????? 1951?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? 200 ????? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1326??-1908?? ?? ??? ??? 1334??-1916? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? . [5]

???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? 1350??-1931? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? 1371??- 1951?. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1358??-1939? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? 1368??-1948?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ( ?????? ) ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. [4]

????? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ????? ????? (????????)

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? 1355??-1936? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? 1372??-1953? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????. ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? 1375??-1956? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? 1395??-1975? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.

??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ????? 1397??-1977? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1424??-2003?. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? (??? ????? ?????) ???????? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????. [6]

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?????? ?????? ??? 60 ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? .
???? ?????? - ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? 2006.

????? ????? ???????? ?????: 315,000??.

???????: [66,000??] (???? 5,000 ?? ?? ????? ???????? 12,000 ?? ??? ??????? 49,000?? ??? ?????).

??? ?????: 140,000?? (2017). [7]

?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? (?????) ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? 1384??. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? 1390?? (????? ??? ??????? ??????) ????? 3500?? ?? ????? ??????? (????????) ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? (1421?? - 1422??/2000-2001?) 111.700 ???????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? 21573 ??. [6]

????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? . ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? . ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? 2013? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? 2,000 ??? (1,200 ???) ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???-??????-????? ?????? ???? ≪??????? ??????≫. [8]

???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 0.13 ????? ????. ?? ??? 2018? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? 0.54 ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????. [9] ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? [10] ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.

??? ?????? 2023 ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? 3 ??????? ?????? ????? ?? 3 ????? ?????? ???? 200 ????? ??????? ??? 76 ?????? ????? 6 ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????. [11]

????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? 2 - 6 ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????: [12] [13]

?? 19 ?????? 2018? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? 120 ?? / ?????? ??? 140 ?? / ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? (??? - ???????)? ????? (?????? - ??????)? ????? (?????? - ??????) ??????? ???? (?????? - ??????). [15] ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????. [6]

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?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? 647? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? 409? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? 47? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? 667? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? 159? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? 445? ?????? ??????? 188? ???? ???????? 10.

??? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? 2486? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? 280000 ????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? 23 ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? 40 ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????. [6]

??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? (98) ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? 5.36 ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? 100000 ????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? (??????) ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. [16]

????? ?? ???? ???? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? .

??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. [16]

??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? 1 . 6 ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? 300000 ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? 72 ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? 6 ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????. [16]

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???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? 500 ?? ???????? ??? ??? 1500 ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? (???????). ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1397?? (1977?) ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???. [6]

????? ????? [ ??? ]

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  • ??????? ???????: ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????.
  • ??????? ????????: ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????.

??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 1390/ 1391?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? (1421/ 1422??) ????? ???? ?? 15 ????? ????. [6] ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????.

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???????? ???????: ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????
?? ??? ???? ?????? - ?????? .
????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????.

????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????:

???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? 3.5 ????? ?? ?? ??? (2008?) ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? 3000 ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? 2900 ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? (???) ?? ??? 2009? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?150 ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????. [16]

?? ??? 2018? ???? ????? ???????? 1.8 ????? ????? ? 700000 ????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????. [18] ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? 1500 ??. [19] ??? ??? ????? ??:

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??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? - ??????. ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1951. ?? 26/11/1366?? (11/10/1947?)? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ?? 9/1/1371?? (10/10/1951?)? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??: ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? 13??. ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? 565??. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? 373576. [6]

??? ??? 2003?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? 100 ??? 1500 ???? ??? ??? ???? 8 ??????. ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? 9. ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? 2298. ???? ???? ????? 25. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? 4. ??? ??? ???? 265 ????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? 569?? ????? ?? 578?? ?????? 603 ?????? ????. ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? 140 ?? ?????? 380 ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? 310 ?? ?????? 850 ????? ????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? 241 ????? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? 205 ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? 72 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? 395 ????? ????. [16]

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?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????.

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??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????.

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??????? ???????: ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????

????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (????) ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ?? ??????? - ????? ?? ????? ????? - ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? . ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ??? 15 ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. [6] ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? 208 ??? ????? ??? 1423?? (2002?). ????? 597 ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? . ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? 577 ???? ???? ???. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? 23265 ??? ????? ??? 1423??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? 482 ??? ????? 1423??. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? 261 ???? ??????? 346.000 ??. [6] ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? (???? ?????? ?? 25% ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? 2000 ????? ????) 11 ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? 205.000 ??. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? (???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 80% ?? ??? ??? ??????) 14 ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? 305.000 ??. ?? ??? ???? 9 ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ( ???? ?????? ?? 9 ??? ????? ??? ????? 500 ????? ????? ?????? ) ??????? ?????? 346.000 ?? ????? ??? 1393?? (1973?). ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? (5 ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? 500 ????? ????? ????? ) ????? 48 ???? 10 ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? 19.3% ?? ??? ??? ??????. [6]

??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? 154.8 ????? ?? ?? ??? 2008? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? 6.6?. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? 2008? ??? 4.65 ????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? 1.8 ????? ????? ??? 2008?. ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? 122 ??????? ?? ??? 2008. ??? ??? ????? ??????? 653 ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? 1.9 ????? ??. ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 8 ????? ?????? ????? ??????? 183 ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? . [16]

??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????????? . ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ????? ?? 80 ? ?? ?????? ??????. [23] ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???: [24]

????? ??? ???????? .

????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? [ ??? ]

???????? ???????: ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????

???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? 203 ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? (2003). ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? (90?) ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? 350 ??. [16] ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? (7.2?) ???? ??? 45.3 ????? ???? ?? ??? (2008?) ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? (84.4%) ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? (1.7?) ?????? ????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? 27 ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? 80 ????? ?? ????? ???????. [16] ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? 8 ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 2014?.????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????. [16]

???? ??? 2017?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? (91.8) ????? ?????? ?????? (741.293) ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 27 ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??? (7.7%) ?????? ???? 2016? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? (4.6%)? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? . [26]

???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????
???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????
???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????
???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? - ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? - ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????
???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? - ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????
???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? - ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????
???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? - ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? - ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????
???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? - ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????
- - ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????
- - ???? ????

?????? ?? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????: 61

  • ???? ?? 3,047 ???: 32
  • 2,438 ??? 3,047 ???: 13
  • 1,524 ??? 2,437 ???: 12
  • 914 ??? 1,523 ???: 2
  • ??? 914 ?: 2 (??????? 2003)

?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????: 133

  • ???? ?? 3047 ???: 6
  • 2,438 ??? 3,047 ???: 5
  • 1,524 ??? 2,437 ???: 75
  • 914 ??? 1,523 ???: 38
  • ??? 914 ?: 14 (??????? 2003)

( ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ).

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

  • 9 ?????? (2009)

??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 2019? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. [27]

???????? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??????????: [16]

?????? ???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ??????
????? ????? (????????) ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. [28]
?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (????????) ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????.
?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. [29]
??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. [30]

????? [ ??? ]

  • ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? 1415??/1995?.
  • ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? 1388-1389??? ????? ?????????? ??????.
  • ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? 1419??/1999?.
  • ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? (????? ?? ??????? ?????)? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? 1425??/2004?.

?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????. ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????. [16]

????? [ ??? ]

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???? ????? [ ??? ]

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