?????? ??????? ???????? 1974?1975

?????? ??????? ???????? 1974?1975
??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????
??????? ????
???????	????? 1974 ??? ????? 1975
??????	???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ; 30°24′26″N 48°09′06″E / 30.40722222°N 48.15166667°E
???????	?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ; ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ; ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ; ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1980 ;
??????? ; ??????	??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????
??????????
?????? ??????	????? ????????
??????
???? ????	???? ??? ????? ; ????? ???????: ; ????? ??????? ; ???? ??? ????? ; ???? ???? ????? ; ????? ?????? ; ????? ????? ??????? : ; ???? ???? ; ???? ???? ????? ; ???? ??? ???? ; ???? ??? ?????
?????
90?000 ??? 1?200 ?????? ??????? ????? 200 ????? ( ?? ????? ?????? )	50?000 ??? ?????
???????
	???????: ???? 1000 ???? ?? ??? ????????
	????? ????? - ?????

???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? 1974 ?1975 ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? 1000 ??? ???? 11 ?????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???????-??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? 1913. ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1934? ??? ?????? ?? ???. ???????? ?? ??? 1937? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1969? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? 1937. ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? 1937 ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? 1975. ^[3]

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? 1974 ??? ???? 1975? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????. ^[4]^[5] ?? ??? 1975? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????. ^[6] ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? . ??? ???? ????? 1000 ??? ???? ???????? 1974-75 ?? ?? ?????. ^[7]

????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ^[4]^[5] ?? ??????? ??????? ???? 1975? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? - ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? - ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ^[4] ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ^[4]

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? 1975? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ^[8]

??? ??? ?????? ?? 17 ?????? 1980? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ^[9]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ????????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ J. Schofield, Militarization and War , p. 122
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Ibrahim Al-Marashi; Sammy Salama (2008). Iraq's Armed Forces: An Analytical History (???????????). Routledge. p. 121 ?122. ISBN : 9780415400787 .
^ Karsh, Efraim The Iran-Iraq War 1980?1988 , London: Osprey, 2002 page 8
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? Karsh, Efraim (25 ????? 2002). The Iran?Iraq War: 1980?1988 . Osprey Publishing. ?. 1 ?8, 12?16, 19?82. ISBN : 978-1-84176-371-2 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-03-19.
^ ^? ^? Ranard (??????). "History" . Iraqis and Their Culture . ????? ?? ????? ?? 10 January 2011 . ???? ???? ?????? ????? 2020 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )
^ Farrokh? Kaveh. Iran at War: 1500?1988 . Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN : 978-1-78096-221-4 .
^ "CSP - Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2013" . Systemicpeace.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-09-24 .
^ Abadan ???? ?????? 2009-08-08 ?? Wayback Machine , Sajed ???? ?????? 2014-10-07 ?? Wayback Machine , Retrieved on March 16, 2009.
^ "IRAQ vii. IRAN-IRAQ WAR" . Encyclopædia Iranica. 15 ?????? 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-09-13.

?????? ??????? ???????? 1974?1975 ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] J. Schofield, Militarization and War , p. 122

[مولد_تلقائيا1-2] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? Ibrahim Al-Marashi; Sammy Salama (2008). Iraq's Armed Forces: An Analytical History (???????????). Routledge. p. 121 ?122. ISBN : 9780415400787 .

[Karsh,_Efraim_page_8-3] Karsh, Efraim The Iran-Iraq War 1980?1988 , London: Osprey, 2002 page 8

[efraimkarsh-4] ? ^? ^? ^? Karsh, Efraim (25 ????? 2002). The Iran?Iraq War: 1980?1988 . Osprey Publishing. ?. 1 ?8, 12?16, 19?82. ISBN : 978-1-84176-371-2 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-03-19.

[ranard-5] ? ^? Ranard (??????). "History" . Iraqis and Their Culture . ????? ?? ????? ?? 10 January 2011 . ???? ???? ?????? ????? 2020 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )

[Farrokh_03-6] Farrokh? Kaveh. Iran at War: 1500?1988 . Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN : 978-1-78096-221-4 .

[7] "CSP - Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2013" . Systemicpeace.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-09-24 .

[Abadan-8] Abadan ???? ?????? 2009-08-08 ?? Wayback Machine , Sajed ???? ?????? 2014-10-07 ?? Wayback Machine , Retrieved on March 16, 2009.

[iranicaonline-9] "IRAQ vii. IRAN-IRAQ WAR" . Encyclopædia Iranica. 15 ?????? 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-09-13.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

? ? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????
??? 1910	????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? 1919 ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????
??? 1920	????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? 1921 ?? ????? ???? ??????
??? 1930	???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? 1935?1936 ???? ???????? 1935 ???? ?????
??? 1940	????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????-?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????-?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? 1946 ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? 1948 ??????? ??????? ??? 1967 ??? ?????? ??? ????? 1982
??? 1950	???? 23 ????? ?????? 1953 ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? 1958 ?????? ???????? 1958 ???? ??????
??? 1960	?????? ???????? 1963-1964 ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? 26 ?????? ??????? ???? 8 ???? 1963 ?????? 1963 ?? ????? ???? 18 ????? ?????? 1963 ???? 14 ?????? ???????? ???? 1964 ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 1966 ??? 1967
??? 1970	????? ?????? ??? 1972 ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? (1976?1980) ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? 1979 ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? 1979?1983 ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
??? 1980	??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? 1980 ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? 1986 ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? 1986 ????? ??? 1987 ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????????
??? 1990	??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? 1999
??? 2000	??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? 2004 ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? 2006 ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? 2007 ?????? ?? ???? ?????
??? 2010	?????????? ????????? 2011 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? 25 ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? (2014?2017) ?????? ??????? (2017?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? (2011-????) ????? ??????? ??????? (2015?????) ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? 2019?2022
???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? (??? ??? 1918) ???? ?? ??? ?? 100 ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????