?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????

?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?

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??????	8 ??? 1937? (87 ???) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]   ???? ???? ??? ????
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???? ????	?????? ????????? (????? 1953???? 1959)
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????	???? [8] ?   ???? ???? ?  ????? ???? ?  ????? ???? ????
???? ????? ????	??????? [9] [10]
??????	????? [11]
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??? ????? ???? ??   (??????? 1988) [12] ????? ?? ?????? (?????:Gravity's Rainbow ) (1974) [13]
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????? ????? ????? ???? (1974) [14] ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? (1974) [15]
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????? ???? ? 8 ??? 1937 ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? 1959 ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? 1960?1963 ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? " ?????? ????" ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? "??" (V) ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ‘ ???????‘ ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? "????/ ????? ?????? "??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? " ???? ??????" ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????"??????"?? ?????? 1985( ????: ???? ???? ?????) ?? ????? ??? "??????? ???? ????" ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???{?????: ???? ????} :::

V. (????, 1963)? winner of William Faulkner Foundation Award The Crying of Lot 49 (????? 27, 1966)? winner of Richard and Hilda Rosenthal Foundation Award Gravity's Rainbow (????? 28, 1973)? 1974 National Book Award for fiction, judges' unanimous selection for Pulitzer Prize overruled by advisory board, awarded William Dean Howells Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1975 (award declined) Slow Learner (?????, 1984)? collection of early short stories Vineland (?????, 1990) Mason & Dixon (????? 1997) Against the Day (????? 21, 2006) ( ?????:???? ????)

1. ↑ ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118597221   ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
2. ↑ Internet Speculative Fiction Database author ID: https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?94 ? ????: Thomas Pynchon ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
3. ↑ NooSFere author ID: https://www.noosfere.org/livres/auteur.asp?NumAuteur=-51955 ? ????: Thomas PYNCHON ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
4. ↑ ????: Thomas Pynchon ? ??? ????? ??? ??: https://www.filmportal.de/1d56cfa3955f4fef828780f4f987283d ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
5. ↑ Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/pynchon-thomas ? ????: Thomas Pynchon ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
6. ↑ ????: Thomas Pynchon ? Vegetti Catalog of Fantastic Literature NILF ID: https://www.fantascienza.com/catalogo/NILF14342
7. ↑ Babelio author ID: https://www.babelio.com/auteur/wd/1923 ? ????: Thomas Pynchon
8. ↑ ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118597221   ? ??? ??? ??????: 25 ??? 2015 ? ????? ????: CC0
9. ↑ http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119208145 ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????
10. ↑ ???? ??? ??: https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/9438307
11. ↑ https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108683784
12. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1988/07/19/macarthur-grants-to-31/b81f08bc-2b01-4a30-a6a4-c9c111df997d/ ? ??? ??? ??????: 2 ??????? 2020
13. ↑ https://www.nationalbook.org/books/gravitys-rainbow/
14. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/08/archives/pulitzer-jurors-his-third-novel.html ? ??? ??? ??????: 2 ??????? 2020
15. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/08/archives/pulitzer-jurors-his-third-novel.html