??????????? ????

??????????? ????
	????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????
??????? ????	??????????????????? (Reichstagsbrand)
????	1933 ???????? 27
???????	????????
?????????????????	??????? ???? ??? ??????
?????	???? ??? ???????? ????????? ; ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ; ??????????? ????? ????? ????????? ;

1933 ???????? 27 ?, ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????????. ??? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???????, ??????????? ???????????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ? ??? ??????? ?????????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????, ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????. ? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ????????.

?????? 9:00 ???? ??????, ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????, ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????. ^[1] ^: 26?28 ????????, ????????? ???????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????. ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????. ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ??????. ? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ????????? ???????????????, ?????? ??????????? ???????? "???????????????? ??????" ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????????????? ??????? ??????. ^[2] ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????. ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????????????????.

1933 ??????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ?????, ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????. ?????? "??????????? ???? ??????" ??? ???? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????, ??? ???????????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ??????. ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????, ? ??????????, ? ????????????? ?????????????. ^[3] ? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ?????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????????, ? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ^[4] ^[5] ??????? ???? 1961 ???? ????? ???????????. 1961 ????? 1964 ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????. 1995 1999 ?????????? ???????? ???????????????. ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? 1998 ?? ????????????? ????? ??????? 2008 ?? ??????, ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????.

????????? [ ?????? ]

1932 ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ???????? (????) ???????? ???????? ?????????; ? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????. 1933 ????? 30 ? ??????? ??????? , ??????????, ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ?????????????? ????? ????, ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????????????? ??????? ??????. ^[a] ????????? ??????????? ???? 1933 ?????? 5. ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????, ?? ?????????? ?????????????, ???????????? ????? ?????????????. ??????????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????????. ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????, ??????????? ????????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????? ????? - ?????????? ( ???????????) ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????. ? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????. ? ?????? ?????? ????????????????????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? 48 ?? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????. ^[6] ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????. 1923-24?? ???? ???????????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????. 1933 ??????? ??????? 32% ?????? ??????? ???????.

??????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????: ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???. ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????, ????????????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????. (? ?????? ?????? 17% ????????????)

????? [ ?????? ]

1933 ???????? 27 ? ?????? 9:00 ???? ??????, ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????. ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????????, ???? ???????? ?????????????. 11:30 ?????? ?????? ?????????. ????????? ????????, ???????? ????????? ?????????????????, 20 ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????. ????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????? ????????????. ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????????, ???? ?????? ???? "????? ??"?? ??????? ?????????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ??????? ????????. ^[7] ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ???????? ?????? ?????????????. ?????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????????? "??? ???????????? ????????. ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????." ??? ????????. ??????? ? ??????? "??????????? ??????"?? ??????????. ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????. ?????? ????, ???????????? ???????????????? (???????? ?????? ???????) "? ??? ????, ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? " ??? ????????????. ???????? ?????? ????????????, "?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????, ??????? ???? ??? ? ????????? ???????????" ??? ?? ???????? ?????????????.

1933 ???????? 27 ? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????. ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????. ^[8] ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ^[9] ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????.

?????? ???????????? ???????? 1937 ?? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ????????????????, ?????? ?????? ??????. 1939 ?? 2 ? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ^[10]

?????? ????????? [ ?????? ]

???????????? ?????? ?????? ????, ??????? ????? ?????, ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? 48 ?? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????. ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????????????. ??????? ??????? , ??? ??????? ???????, ??????? ???????, ????? ???? ???????, ????????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? . ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??????? "????????????"?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????????. ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????, ????????????? ????????????? ????????????????, ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????? "???????" ????????????. ??? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????. ??????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ?????? ????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???, ?????????????. ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????, "?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????????? ? ??????????? ????? ????? ????. ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????." ??? ???????. ^[11] ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? (????????????? ????? 17% ????? ?????????), 1933 ?????? 5 ? ?????? ????????? ?????? 33% ????? 44% ???? ?? ?????? ??????????????. ????? ??????, ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? (8% ?????? ???????????) ??? ?????????? ?????????????? 52% ???????? ?????????.

?????? ???????? ?????????????, ???? ?? ??????????? ???????????????. ? ?????????? 50?55% ?????? ???????????? ? ???????. ? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? '?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????' ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????. ?????, ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????????? -??????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????. ???????????, ????? ??????????? ???????? (?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????) ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???.? ??????? ?????, ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????????????? ?? ????????? ???????????. ???????????, ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? 1933 ?????? 23 ? ??????? ???????????????????. ? ????? ?????? 27 ? ???????? ????????. ???????? ???????? ????? ???????.

????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ??????? 12 ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????????.

?????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????

?????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????, ???????? ??????, ?????? ???????? 1933 ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????????? 21 ????? 1933 ???????? 23 ????, ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ?????? ????????????? (?????????????) ????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????????. ???????????, ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ???????? ?????????, ????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????.

???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ?????, ?????? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????. 1934 ??, ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????. 1967 ??, ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????????? 1933 ???? ???????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????, ???? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????????. 1980 ??, ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????? ???????. 1981 ??, ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? 1933 ???? ??????? ????? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????. ? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????. ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? 1998 ???? ????? ??????? 2008 ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ???? ??????? "?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????" ??? ????? ??????? ? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????. ^[12]

???? ???? ?????? ????????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????. ???? 25 ? ????????????? ???? ????? ?????, 1934 ????? 10 ?, ???????? ?? (? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????; ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????) ????????? ??????. ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????. ???? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????, ????????????? ????????????? ????????????. ^[13]

??????? ?????????? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???. ????? ??? ??????: ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????????, ??????? ???? ? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????: "1943 ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????, ? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????, '??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????' ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ". ^[14] 1945, 1946 ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ?????????. ^[15] ^: 433

?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? "????? ??????" [ ?????? ]

1933 ???????, ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????, ??????????????????, ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????????. ? ???????? ???????, ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????????. ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????; ????????? ?? ????-????????, ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????; ????????? ??????? ?????? ????-???????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????, ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????-??????; ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????; ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????????. ^[1] ^: 120

? ?????? 1933 ?????????? 21 ? ????????????. ?? ???? ???? ???????. ????????????? ???????????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????. ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????. ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????. ????, ????-???????? ???? ???? ???? "?????????????" "??????" ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ???????????, "????" ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? "??????????????" ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. "??????????" ????, ?? ???.? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ???????? ???.? ??????????????? ???? ????????. ???????????, ? "???.? ?????" ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???, ??????? ??????????, ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ???? ??? ????????????. ???? ? ???????????? "????? ?????????? ????" ??? ?????????????.

?????? ?????????????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????. ?????????????? ?? ??????, ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????????. ??? ???? ??????????????. ?????????????? ??????????, ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ??????????. (?????????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????. ^[16] ??? ? ??????????? ?????????) ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? 1934 ?? ?????????????? ????????????.

??? ???? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? ????? ??????

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????????? (???????????), ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????. ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????- ??????????????. ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????.

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Tobias, Fritz (1964). The Reichstag Fire . Putnam.
↑ Holborn, Haljo (1973) Republic to Reich: the Making of the Nazi Revolution
↑ DW Staff (27 February 2008). "75 Years Ago, Reichstag Fire Sped Hitler's Power Grab" . Deutsche Welle . Retrieved 12 August 2013 .
↑ Paterson, Tony (April 15, 2001). "Historians find 'proof' that Nazis burnt Reichstag" . The Sunday Telegraph .
↑ Shirer, William (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . Simon and Schuster. p. 192 . There is enough evidence to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that it was the Nazis who planned the arson and carried it out for their own political ends.
↑ Botwinick, Rita (2004). A History of The Holocaust: From Ideology to Annihilation . New Jersey: Peason. pp. 90?92 .
↑ Schirer, William L. (1991). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . London: Mandarin. pp. 191 ?192. ISBN 0-7493-0697-1 .
↑ Pinkney, David H. (1964). A Festschrift for Frederick B. Artz . Duke University Press . pp. 194 .
↑ Delp, Alfred (2006). Advent of the heart: seasonal sermons and prison writings, 1941-1944 . Ignatius Press . pp. 177 .
↑ Lentz, Harris M. (1988). Assassinations and executions: an encyclopedia of political violence, 1865-1986 . McFarland. pp. 74 .
↑ Gellately, Robert (2001). Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany . Oxford University Press. p. 18 . ISBN 978-0-19-160452-2 .
↑ Connolly, Kate (12 January 2008). "75 years on, executed Reichstag arsonist finally wins pardon" . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 1 May 2008 .
↑ biography by Martin Schouten "Rinus van der Lubbe 1909-1934" (1989)
↑ Shirer, William (1959). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . New York: Touchstone. p. 193.
↑ "Nuremberg Trial Proceedings" . March 18, 1946. Volume 9.
↑ Costello, John (1988). Mask of Treachery . London: William Collins & Sons. p. 296 .

[జర్మనీ_ప్రభుత్వం-6] ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????????? (???????????), ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????. ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????- ??????????????. ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????.

[tobias1964-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Tobias, Fritz (1964). The Reichstag Fire . Putnam.

[2] Holborn, Haljo (1973) Republic to Reich: the Making of the Nazi Revolution

[3] DW Staff (27 February 2008). "75 Years Ago, Reichstag Fire Sped Hitler's Power Grab" . Deutsche Welle . Retrieved 12 August 2013 .

[4] Paterson, Tony (April 15, 2001). "Historians find 'proof' that Nazis burnt Reichstag" . The Sunday Telegraph .

[Shirer-5] Shirer, William (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . Simon and Schuster. p. 192 . There is enough evidence to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that it was the Nazis who planned the arson and carried it out for their own political ends.

[7] Botwinick, Rita (2004). A History of The Holocaust: From Ideology to Annihilation . New Jersey: Peason. pp. 90?92 .

[8] Schirer, William L. (1991). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . London: Mandarin. pp. 191 ?192. ISBN 0-7493-0697-1 .

[9] Pinkney, David H. (1964). A Festschrift for Frederick B. Artz . Duke University Press . pp. 194 .

[10] Delp, Alfred (2006). Advent of the heart: seasonal sermons and prison writings, 1941-1944 . Ignatius Press . pp. 177 .

[11] Lentz, Harris M. (1988). Assassinations and executions: an encyclopedia of political violence, 1865-1986 . McFarland. pp. 74 .

[Gellately2001-12] Gellately, Robert (2001). Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany . Oxford University Press. p. 18 . ISBN 978-0-19-160452-2 .

[13] Connolly, Kate (12 January 2008). "75 years on, executed Reichstag arsonist finally wins pardon" . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 1 May 2008 .

[14] raphy by Martin Schouten "Rinus van der Lubbe 1909-1934" (1989)

[15] Shirer, William (1959). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . New York: Touchstone. p. 193.

[16] "Nuremberg Trial Proceedings" . March 18, 1946. Volume 9.

[17] Costello, John (1988). Mask of Treachery . London: William Collins & Sons. p. 296 .

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