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Bh?rata Ga?atantra R?jyam
(see other local names )
అడ్డంగా గల జెండా, కాషాయ, తెలుపు, ఆకుపచ్చ పట్టీలతో వుంటుంది. మధ్య తెల్లని పట్టీపై 24 సువ్వలుగల చక్రం వుంటుంది.
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రాజముద్ర of భారతదేశం
????????
??????:  " ??????? ???? "   ( Sanskrit )
"Truth Alone Triumphs" [1]
????:  " ?? ?? ?? " [2] [3]
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People" [4] [2]
National song
" ???? ????? "   ( Sanskrit )
"???? ?????" [a] [1] [2]
భూగోళం మధ్యలో భారతదేశం రంగుతో గుర్తించిన.
???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????
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28°36′50″N 77°12′30″E  /  28.61389°N 77.20833°E  / 28.61389; 77.20833
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??????? ????? 447 ????? [c]
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(2011)
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15 ??????1947
26 ????? 1950
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? ??????
3,287,263 [2]  km 2 (1,269,219 sq mi) [d] ( 7? )
? ???? (%)
9.6
?????
? 2016 estimate
Neutral increase1,324,171,354 [15] ( 2? )
? 2011 census
1,210,854,977 [16] [17] ( 2? )
? ?????????
[ convert: invalid number ] ( 19? )
GDP   ( PPP ) 2021 estimate
? Total
Increase $10.207 trillion [18] ( 3? )
? Per capita
Increase $7,333 [18] ( 122? )
GDP   (nominal) 2021 estimate
? Total
Increase $3.050 trillion [18] ( 6? )
? Per capita
Increase $2,191 [18] ( 138? )
????   (2013) 33.9 [19]
medium  ·  79?
????????   (2019) Increase 0.645 [20]
medium  ·  131st
??????? ???? ?????? (?) ( INR )
??? ?????? UTC +05:30 ( IST )
DST is not observed
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??????????????? 230 V?50 Hz
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???? ???? +91
Internet TLD .in ( others )

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???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??????. ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????, ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ? ???? ???????????? (???: ???? ??????, ????? ??????????????, ?????????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???? ??????...). ???? ???? " ?????? " ???? ???? " ?????? ??? ", ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????????. ? ?????? ?????? ???? "????????" ???? "????????", ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????, ? ???? ???? " ?????? ". ???? ??????????? , ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????.

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????????? ????.??.3 ? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? .
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???? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????????? ?????? ???????? 9,000 ?????????? ????? ??????????. ????.??. 7000 ??????, ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????. ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ??? ????.??.26 ? ??????? , ????.??.20 ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? . ????.??.5 ? ??????? ?????, ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ????? ???????, ????? ?????????? , ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???????. ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ????. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????????. ????????, ????? ???????? ?????????? , ??? , ?????? , ???????? , ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? , ???? , ???????? , ?????? ????? , ?????? ???? ???????? , ???????? ???????? , ?????? ?????? , ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????????. ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????, ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? , ?????? ??????? ?????????. ?????, ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????????.

????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? , ???????? , ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????, ?????????????????. ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? 1857?? ?????? ???? ?????????? (???, ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ) ??????, ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? 1947 ?????? 15? ???????????? ????????? ????????????. 1950 ????? 26? ??????????, ????????????, ??????? ???????? ?????????.

??????? ?????? , ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? , ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????, ?? ?????, ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????. 1975 , 1977 ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? 1962?? ?????? ????????. ???????????? 1947 , 1965 , 1971???? ???????? ???????. ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. 1974?? , ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????????. 1998?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????????. 1991?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

?????????, ????????? [ ?????? ]

???????????? ?? ???? ????????????.

???????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????? 1950 ????? 26? ???????????. ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ????????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????.

??? ??? ????????? ?????? . ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ??????????, ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? 5 ????????? ???????????? ?????????????.

???????????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????. ???????????? ???? ?????, ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????. ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????.

????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ???, ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????. ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????.

?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? , ????????? ????????, ?????????? ??????. ????????? ??????, ???????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ??????? ??????? ??????? , ??????? , ?????? , ???????? , ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????; ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????????, ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????.

???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????, ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????. ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???, ???????????? ?????? ?????? 40 ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????. 1977?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????, ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????. 2004 ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????????. ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? 1996 ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? 2014 ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? .? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????.

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????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ????? ?????, ????, ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????. ????????, ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????. ? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ???????.

?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ??????: ??? , ???? , ??????????? , ????? , ??????? .

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1300 ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????, ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????. ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????. 2003?? ??????? ?????? ???? ? 8 ???? ? ????? ?????????. ?????, ???? ????? ???????, ??. ??. ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? 2,540 ????????? ????; ?????? ????? ???????? ??? 143 ? ??????. ???? ?????????? ??????? 30 ??? 900 ????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ?????????? , ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. 25% ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????????. ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????. ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?.?? ?????, ?????????? .

??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ??? ??? ???????????? 25% ???? ???????. ???????? ????????? ????? , ?????????? , ??????? , ???????? , ???? , ???????????? ????????? , ???? ???? . ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????. ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????. 2003?2004 ?? ? ????? ????? 1250 ????? ???????. ????? ????????, ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????. ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? 30 ????? ???? ??????? ???????????, ???????????? ? ???? ????? ???????????. ??????? , ???? , ??.?.? , ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????????.

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2011 ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? 121,01,93,422. [23] ???????? ?????????? 83,04%, ?????? ??????? ?????????? 82,14%, ????? ?????????? 75,7%. ????? 1000 ???? ????????? 1010 ???? ???????? ???????.

2022 ????? ???????, ???????? 83.80% ?????? ????????????????? , ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? (17.23%). ??? ?????: ??????????? (5.30%), ???????? (3.72%), ???????? (8.70%), ?????? (0.36%), ?????? (0.9%) ( ?????? , ???????? , ?????????? , ??????? ?????????). [14] ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????. [24] [25] ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????????????, ?????????, ????????? ????????????. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? , ?????? ????? , ????????? , ??????? , ???? , ???? .

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???????????? 10 ????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

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??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ???? ????????? ? ?????? , ????? , ?????? , ????? , ??????? . ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????.

??? ?????, ????? (??????, ??????? ??????) ?? ????? ????? ????? . ??????? ??????, ???????, ?????????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????????. ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????????????. ??? , ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ???????? ???? , ?????? ?????????

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????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????. ??????? ???????? 8 ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????.

???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ???? , ????? ????? , ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????.?????????? ???????????????pv sindhu and ???? ???????? ??????????????. ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????.

?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? , ??-?? , ?????????? (??????-????) ??? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????. ??????? , ???????? , ???? , ????????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ?????????? (??????) ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????.

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???? ?????????? ???????
????? 26 ??????? ????????? 1950?? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????.
?????? 15 ??????????? ????????? 1947?? ? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????????.
???????? 2 ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????.

???? ??????? [ ?????? ]

  • ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????.
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  • ???????? ????? 230 V; 50 HZ
  • ???????? ????????? : Type C, D & M (CEE 7/16; CEE 7/17; BS 546)
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  • ?????? ???????? ??????? 1 ? ???????????.

??????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????????? [ ?????? ]

  • సర్దార్ పటేల్ విగ్రహం

??????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ "[...] ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????. "( Constituent Assembly of India 1950 ) .
  2. ↑ According to Part XVII of the Constitution of India , Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the Union, along with English as an additional official language. [5] [1] [6] States and union territories can have a different official language of their own other than Hindi or English.
  3. ↑ Different sources give widely differing figures, primarily based on how the terms "language" and "dialect" are defined and grouped. Ethnologue, produced by the Christian evangelist organisation SIL International, lists 461 tongues for India (out of 6,912 worldwide), 447 of which are living, while 14 are extinct. [12] [13]
  4. ↑ "The country's exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 km 2 (1,269,220 sq mi) and the total land area as 3,060,500 km 2 (1,181,700 sq mi); the United Nations lists the total area as 3,287,263 km 2 (1,269,219 sq mi) and total land area as 2,973,190 km 2 (1,147,960 sq mi)."( Library of Congress 2004 ) .
  5. ↑ See Date and time notation in India .

?????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 National Informatics Centre 2005 .
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "National Symbols | National Portal of India" . India.gov.in. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017 . Retrieved 1 March 2017 . The National Anthem of India Jana Gana Mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.
  3. ↑ "National anthem of India: a brief on 'Jana Gana Mana' " . News18 . Archived from the original on 17 April 2019 . Retrieved 7 June 2019 .
  4. ↑ Wolpert 2003 , p. 1.
  5. ↑ Ministry of Home Affairs 1960 .
  6. ↑ "Profile | National Portal of India" . India.gov.in. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013 . Retrieved 23 August 2013 .
  7. ↑ "Constitutional Provisions ? Official Language Related Part-17 of the Constitution of India" . Government of India (in ?????). Archived from the original on 18 April 2021 . Retrieved 18 April 2021 .
  8. ↑ Khan, Saeed (25 January 2010). "There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court" . The Times of India . Archived from the original on 18 March 2014 . Retrieved 5 May 2014 .
  9. ↑ "Learning with the Times: India doesn't have any 'national language' " . Archived from the original on 10 October 2017.
  10. ↑ Press Trust of India (25 January 2010). "Hindi, not a national language: Court" . The Hindu . Ahmedabad. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014 . Retrieved 23 December 2014 .
  11. ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF) . Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016 . Retrieved 26 December 2014 .
  12. ↑ Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2014). "Ethnologue: Languages of the World (Seventeenth edition) : India" . Dallas, Texas: SIL International . Retrieved 15 December 2014 .
  13. ↑ Ethnologue : Languages of the World (Seventeenth edition) : Statistical Summaries Archived 17 ???????? 2014 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "C ?1 Population by religious community ? 2011" . Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015 . Retrieved 25 August 2015 .
  15. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision" . ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs , Population Division . Retrieved 10 September 2017 .
  16. ↑ "Population Enumeration Data (Final Population)" . 2011 Census Data . Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 22 May 2016 . Retrieved 17 June 2016 .
  17. ↑ "A ? 2 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901" (PDF) . 2011 Census Data . Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2016 . Retrieved 17 June 2016 .
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021" . IMF.org . International Monetary Fund . April 2021 . Retrieved 6 April 2021 .
  19. ↑ "Income Gini coefficient" . United Nations Development Programme . Archived from the original on 10 June 2010 . Retrieved 14 January 2017 .
  20. ↑ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF) (in ????????). United Nations Development Programme . 15 December 2020 . Retrieved 15 December 2020 .
  21. ↑ "List of all left- & right-driving countries around the world" . worldstandards.eu . 13 May 2020 . Retrieved 10 June 2020 .
  22. ↑ "???????? - ?????" . EENADU PRATIBHA . Retrieved 2024-04-29 .
  23. ↑ "Census India 2011 - Population, Religion, Cast data as per Census 2011" . www.censusindia.co.in (in ???????? ????????) . Retrieved 2023-08-16 .
  24. ↑ "Global Muslim population estimated at 1.57 billion" . The Hindu . 8 October 2009. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013.
  25. ↑ "India Chapter Summary 2012" (PDF) . United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.

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