?????? ?????

?????? ?????
Shirin Ebadi
????? ?????
?????? ????? ; Shirin Ebadi ; ????? ?????
	???????????? ?????? ????? (18 ??????? 2005)
???????	21 ???? 1947 (???? 76) ; ??????, ?????
??????????	??????? , ???????????
???????	????????
?????? ????? ???????????	??????? ?????????????
???	??????????, ???????
????????????	???? ???????? ??????????????? ???????
?????	???? ???????
?????????	?????????? ????? ????? (2003)

?????? ????? ( ?????? ???? :?????; ???????? : Shirin Ebadi; ???????: ???? 21 , 1947 ) ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ?????. ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ??????? (Defenders of Human Rights Center) ?????? ????????????. 2003 ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????. ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????????????????????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????, ?????????? ???? ???? ?????. 2009 ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????. ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????? . ^[3] 2004 ??? ???????, ????????? ????????????? , "?????? 100 ????? ??????? ???????" ?????????? ????????????. ^[4] "??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? 100 ???????." ???????????? ???? ???????????????? . ^[5]

?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? [ ???? ]

??????? ???? ???????? 1947 ??? ????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????. ????? ????????? 1948 ??? ???????????? ??????????????. ???? 1965 ??? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????. 1969 ??? ????????????? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????, ?????? 1969 ??? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????. 1971 ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???? ????????? ???????????. 1975 ???, ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??????????. 1979 ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????????. ^[6] ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????. ^[7]^[6]^[8] ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????????????? ???? ???? ????????.

????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????????????, 1993 ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????????. ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????????????. ^[2]

??????????? ????? [ ???? ]

2004 ????????, ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???? ??????????????????. ^[6] ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????. ???? 1997 ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????.

??? ???????????, ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????.

??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???? ???????? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????, ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????.

1999 ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????-?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ????????????. ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????. ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????.

????? ????? [ ???? ]

???? ????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? 2003 ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????????. ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????????????, ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????.

???????? [ ???? ]

↑ Daniel P. O'Neil (2007). Fatima's sword: Everyday female resistance in post-revolutionary Iran . ProQuest. pp. 55?61. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-549-40947-2 . ????????????? ???? 15 ????? 2012 . ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Karen L. Kinnear (22 ???? 2011). Women in Developing Countries: A Reference Handbook . ABC-CLIO. p. 152. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-59884-425-2 . ????????????? ???? 15 January 2012 .
↑ Reuters (27 November 2009). "Iran Denies It Confiscated Ebadi's Nobel Medal" . The New York Times . http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2009/11/27/world/international-uk-norway-iran-nobel.html . ??????? ????: 15 ??????? 2013 . ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}
↑ "Forbes.com: Forbes 100 Most Powerful Women in the World 2004" . Archived from the original on 2012-07-30 . ????????????? ???? 2012-07-30 .
↑ Britannica Educational Publishing (1 October 2009). The 100 Most Influential Women of All Time . The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 330?331. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-61530-058-7 . ????????????? ???? 15 ??????? 2013 .
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 "2004?2005 Lecture ? Shirin Ebadi" , University of Alberta Visiting Lectureship in Human Rights , Edmonton, Alberta, 21 October 2004, archived from the original on 27 April 2017 , ????????????? ???? 26 April 2017
↑ "Profile: Shirin Ebadi" . BBC News . 27 November 2009 . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3181992.stm .
↑ Porochista Khakpour (25 April 2017). "Shirin Ebadi: 'Almost a fourth of the people on Earth are Muslim. Are they like each other? Of course not'" . https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/apr/25/shirin-ebadi-outside-of-iran-i-knew-id-be-more-useful-i-could-speak .

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

www.nobel.se ????????????? 2003-12-05 at the ??????? ?????????

[O'NeilCity2007-1] Daniel P. O'Neil (2007). Fatima's sword: Everyday female resistance in post-revolutionary Iran . ProQuest. pp. 55?61. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-549-40947-2 . ????????????? ???? 15 ????? 2012 . ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}

[Kinnear2011-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Karen L. Kinnear (22 ???? 2011). Women in Developing Countries: A Reference Handbook . ABC-CLIO. p. 152. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-59884-425-2 . ????????????? ???? 15 January 2012 .

[Iran_Denies_It_Confiscated_Ebadi's_Nobel_Medal-3] Reuters (27 November 2009). "Iran Denies It Confiscated Ebadi's Nobel Medal" . The New York Times . http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2009/11/27/world/international-uk-norway-iran-nobel.html . ??????? ????: 15 ??????? 2013 . ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}

[4] "Forbes.com: Forbes 100 Most Powerful Women in the World 2004" . Archived from the original on 2012-07-30 . ????????????? ???? 2012-07-30 .

[5] Britannica Educational Publishing (1 October 2009). The 100 Most Influential Women of All Time . The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 330?331. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-61530-058-7 . ????????????? ???? 15 ??????? 2013 .

[UofA_2004_bio-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 "2004?2005 Lecture ? Shirin Ebadi" , University of Alberta Visiting Lectureship in Human Rights , Edmonton, Alberta, 21 October 2004, archived from the original on 27 April 2017 , ????????????? ???? 26 April 2017

[BBC_Profile_2009-7] "Profile: Shirin Ebadi" . BBC News . 27 November 2009 . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3181992.stm .

[theguardian_Shirin_Ebadi-8] Porochista Khakpour (25 April 2017). "Shirin Ebadi: 'Almost a fourth of the people on Earth are Muslim. Are they like each other? Of course not'" . https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/apr/25/shirin-ebadi-outside-of-iran-i-knew-id-be-more-useful-i-could-speak .

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?? ? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????????
1901?1925	1901 ?????? ?????????? / Frederic Passy 1902 Elie Ducommun / Charles Gobat 1903 Randal Cremer 1904 Institut de Droit International 1905 Bertha von Suttner 1906 ???????? ????????? 1907 Ernesto Moneta / Louis Renault 1908 Klas Arnoldson / Fredrik Bajer 1909 A. M. F. Beernaert / Paul Estournelles de Constant 1910 International Peace Bureau 1911 Tobias Asser / Alfred Fried 1912 ????? ???? 1913 Henri La Fontaine 1914 1915 1916 1917 ????????? ???????????? ?????? 1918 1919 ????? ??????? 1920 Leon Bourgeois 1921 Hjalmar Branting / Christian Lange 1922 ?????????? ??????? 1923 1924 1925 Austen Chamberlain / ??????? ??. ??????
1926?1950	1926 Aristide Briand / Gustav Stresemann 1927 Ferdinand Buisson / ???????? ?????? 1928 1929 Frank B. Kellogg 1930 Nathan Soderblom 1931 ???? ?????? / Nicholas Butler 1932 1933 Norman Angell 1934 Arthur Henderson 1935 Carl von Ossietzky 1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas 1937 Robert Cecil 1938 Nansen International Office for Refugees 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 ????????? ???????????? ?????? 1945 ???????? ??? 1946 Emily Balch / John Mott 1947 Friends Service Council / American Friends Service Committee 1948 1949 John Boyd Orr 1950 ?????? ?????
1951?1975	1951 Leon Jouhaux 1952 ???????? ????????? 1953 ?????? ??????? 1954 ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? 1955 1956 1957 Lester B. Pearson 1958 Georges Pire 1959 Philip Noel-Baker 1960 ???????? ???????? 1961 ???? ????????? 1962 ????? ?????? 1963 ????????? ???????????? ?????? / ???????????? ?????? ??????????? 1964 ?????????? ????? ???? 1965 ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? 1966 1967 1968 Rene Cassin 1969 ????????? ????????? ??????? 1970 ??????? ???????? 1971 Willy Brandt 1972 1973 Le đ?c Th? (declined award) / ?????? ????????? 1974 Sean MacBride / Eisaku Sat? 1975 ??????? ??????
1976?2000	1976 Betty Williams / Mairead Corrigan 1977 ????????? ????????? ??? 1978 ?????? ?????? / ??????? ?????? 1979 ????? ?????? 1980 Adolfo Perez Esquivel 1981 ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? 1982 Alva Myrdal / Alfonso Garcia Robles 1983 ???? ????? 1984 ?????????? ?????? 1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 1986 ??? ????? 1987 ?????? ??????? 1988 UN Peacekeeping Forces 1989 ???????? ???????? (14??? ????? ????) 1990 ???????? ????????? 1991 ??? ???? ?????? 1992 ????????????? ?????? 1993 ??????? ??????? / ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? 1994 ?????? ?????? / ??????? ????? / ?????? ??????? 1995 Pugwash Conferences / Joseph Rotblat 1996 Carlos Belo / ???? ??????-????? 1997 ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? / ???? ??????????? 1998 John Hume / David Trimble 1999 ?????????? ????????????? 2000 ???? ???? ????
2001????????	2001 ???? ??????? / ?????? ??????? ??? 2002 ?????? ????????? 2003 ?????? ????? 2004 ??????? ???????? 2005 ????????? ???????? ????????? / ???????? ???-??????? 2006 ???????? ????? / ???????? ?????? 2007 ??? ???? / ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???? 2008 ???????? ????????? 2009 ????? ????? 2010 ???? ?????? 2011 ???? ??????? ???????? / ???? ?????? / ???????? ??????? 2012 ???????? ???????? 2013 ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????? 2014 ?????? ????????????? / ????? ????????? 2015 ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? 2016 ?????? ??????? ??????? 2017 ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? 2018 ?????? ???????? / ?????? ?????? 2019 ????? ????? 2020 ??? ?????? ??????? 2021 ????? ????? / ?????????? ?????????? 2022 ????? ?????????????? / ????????? / ?????? ????????????? ????? 2023 ??????? ????????